{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T03:34:04Z","timestamp":1768534444033,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Institute of Public Health NIH (National Research Institute)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig"],"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ABSTRACT&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;Emerging variants of COVID-19 have threatened the effectiveness of intramuscular (IM) vaccines since that are made to\u00a0target only the spike protein. Development of Intranasal (IN) vaccination has been proven to provide both the mucosal\u00a0and systemic immune responses for broader and long lasting protection. Many IN vaccine candidates (virus-vectored\u00a0vaccines, recombinant subunit vaccines and live attenuated vaccines) are in different phases of clinical trials and in near\u00a0future many companies would be releasing their vaccines into the drug market. Potential advantages of IN vaccination\u00a0over IM vaccination makes them ideal to be administered in children and developing populations of the world. This paper\u00a0focuses on the very recent developments in intranasal vaccination with a spotlight on their safety and efficacy concerns.&lt;br \/&gt;IN vaccination can prove to be game-changer in handling COVID-19 and potential viral contagious diseases in future.&lt;\/p&gt;<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.32394\/rpzh.2023.0251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T08:57:45Z","timestamp":1680512265000},"page":"15-18","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intranasal (IN) COVID-19 vaccines - a breakthrough"],"prefix":"10.32394","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Ramandeep Singh","family":"Gambhir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khushdeep","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ridhi","family":"Matariya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Balwinder","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ridhima","family":"Sood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jyotsana","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"17323","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"container-title":["Roczniki Pa\u0144stwowego Zak\u0142adu Higieny"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/roczniki.pzh.gov.pl\/pdf-182746-103242","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/roczniki.pzh.gov.pl\/pdf-182746-103242","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T10:58:20Z","timestamp":1768474700000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/roczniki.pzh.gov.pl\/Intranasal-IN-COVID-19-vaccines-a-breakthrough,182746,0,2.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"alternative-id":["182746"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32394\/rpzh.2023.0251","relation":{},"ISSN":["0035-7715","2451-2311"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0035-7715","type":"print"},{"value":"2451-2311","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]}}}