{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:04:51Z","timestamp":1792181091022,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Negah Scientific Publisher","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["www.niscpub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BCN"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: An impaired sense of smell has a remarkable impact on the quality of life. It is seen in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson disease. In this study, we assessed the olfactory function in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) by Sniff Magnitude Test (SMT).  Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 48 patients with MS. A questionnaire, including demographic and clinical variables, was completed for each patient. The SMT was used for the evaluation of olfactory function.  Results: Olfactory dysfunction was found in 14.6% of patients (8.3% hyposmia and 6.3% anosmia). Older age, longer disease duration, higher hospital admission rate, lower mini-mental status examination score, and secondary progressive course of MS were significantly related to olfactory dysfunction.  Conclusion: Secondary progressive MS and markers of advanced disease toward neurodegenerative phase (including older age, longer disease duration, and lower cognitive function) can be associated with olfactory dysfunction in MS patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.32598\/bcn.12.1.1368.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T07:42:55Z","timestamp":1614757375000},"page":"89-94","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32598\/nsp.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Factors Associated With Olfactory Dysfunction in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.32598","volume":"12","author":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3244-1615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mostafa","family":"Almasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3224-8807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Sahraian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1757-3169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fahimeh","family":"Haji Akhoundi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid Reza","family":"Ezzati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hazrat Rasool Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5409-1804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Rohani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hazrat Rasool Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"17540","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"container-title":["Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/bcn.iums.ac.ir\/article-1-1174-en.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T07:42:56Z","timestamp":1614757376000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/bcn.iums.ac.ir\/article-1-1174-en.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32598\/bcn.12.1.1368.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2228-7442","2008-126X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2228-7442","type":"print"},{"value":"2008-126X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]}}}