{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T18:51:23Z","timestamp":1772823083753,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Tech Science Press","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CMC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.32604\/cmc.2024.050544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T08:12:32Z","timestamp":1722845552000},"page":"3333-3349","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["An Improved YOLOv5s-Based Smoke Detection System for Outdoor Parking Lots"],"prefix":"10.32604","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Ruobing","family":"Zuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuguo","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenyong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"17807","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2015.07.072","article-title":"Green initiatives: A step towards sustainable development and firm\u2019s performance in the automobile industry","volume":"121","author":"Kushwaha","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2022.07.031","article-title":"Driver\u2019s emotion and behavior classification system based on Internet of Things and deep learning for Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS)","volume":"194","author":"Tauqeer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1007\/s10694-021-01113-1","article-title":"Fire hazard analysis of modern vehicles in parking facilities","volume":"57","author":"Boehmer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fire Technol."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-020-01044-0","article-title":"Real-time video fire\/smoke detection based on CNN in antifire surveillance systems","volume":"18","author":"Saponara","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Real Time Image Process."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3191","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2894665","article-title":"Fire sensing technologies: A review","volume":"19","author":"Gaur","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.3390\/s18020553","article-title":"Chemical sensor systems and associated algorithms for fire detection: A review","volume":"18","author":"Fonollosa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.firesaf.2004.07.004","article-title":"Advanced fire detection algorithms using data from the home smoke detector project","volume":"40","author":"Cestari","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fire Saf. J."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2011.11.053","article-title":"Gas sensor technologies for fire detection","volume":"175","author":"Gutmacher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B: Chem."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.firesaf.2007.01.006","article-title":"Fire detection using smoke and gas sensors","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fire Saf. J."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.22399\/ijcesen.950045","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of forest fire detection using deep learning models and conventional machine learning algorithms","volume":"7","author":"Kukuk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Exp. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63933","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3075731","article-title":"Automatic smoke detection based on SLIC-DBSCAN enhanced convolutional neural network","volume":"9","author":"Sheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.17706\/IJCCE.2016.5.4.238-245","article-title":"Research on flame detection method by fusion feature and sparse representation classification","volume":"5","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Commun. Eng."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.firesaf.2009.08.003","article-title":"Smoke detection in video using wavelets and support vector machines","volume":"44","author":"Gubbi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fire Saf. J."},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Proc. SM2C","first-page":"81","article-title":"Video smoke detection review: State of the art of smoke detection in visible and IR range","author":"Kaabi","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"052045","article-title":"An effective method for forest fire smoke detection","volume":"1187","author":"Qin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Phys.: Conf. Ser."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12071075","article-title":"Smoke object segmentation and the dynamic growth feature model for video-based smoke detection systems","volume":"12","author":"Islam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.17221\/82\/2018-JFS","article-title":"Early smoke detection of forest fires based on SVM image segmentation","volume":"65","author":"Xiong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. For. Sci."},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Proc. CISW","first-page":"316","article-title":"Automatic fire smoke detection based on image visual features","author":"Xu","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29283","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-018-5978-5","article-title":"Real-time video fire smoke detection by utilizing spatial-temporal ConvNet features","volume":"77","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2023.11.075","article-title":"WiFOG: Integrating deep learning and hybrid feature selection for accurate freezing of gait detection","volume":"86","author":"Habib","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alex. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Vulnerability of machine learning approaches applied in IoT-based smart grid","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2023.121405","article-title":"Data security of machine learning applied in low-carbon smart grid: A formal model for the physics-constrained robustness","volume":"347","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2983","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-019-04076-2","article-title":"A minimum entropy deconvolution-enhanced convolutional neural networks for fault diagnosis of axial piston pumps","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soft Comput."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-018-0639-9","article-title":"Convolutional neural networks: An overview and application in radiology","volume":"9","author":"Yamashita","year":"2018","journal-title":"Insights Imag."},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"34","article-title":"Intelligent deep learning and improved whale optimization algorithm based framework for object recognition","volume":"11","author":"Hussain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Centric Comput. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"Proc. CVPR","first-page":"7132","article-title":"Squeeze-and-excitation networks","author":"Hu","year":"Jun. 2018"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"Proc. ICIP","first-page":"1707","article-title":"An early fire-detection method based on image processing","author":"Chen","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182381","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2960209","article-title":"Unsupervised segmentation of fire and smoke from infra-red videos","volume":"7","author":"Ajith","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2016.2527340","article-title":"Higher order linear dynamical systems for smoke detection in video surveillance applications","volume":"27","author":"Dimitropoulos","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"key":"ref30","series-title":"Proc. CVPR","first-page":"580","article-title":"Rich feature hierarchies for accurate object detection and semantic segmentation","author":"Girshick","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref31","series-title":"Proc. CVPR","first-page":"9","article-title":"You only look once: Unified, real-time object detection","author":"Redmon","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15075","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-017-5090-2","article-title":"Fire smoke detection algorithm based on motion characteristic and convolutional neural networks","volume":"77","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.32604\/iasc.2022.020629","article-title":"Time-efficient fire detection convolutional neural network coupled with transfer learning","volume":"31","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intell. Autom. Soft Comput."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18429","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2747399","article-title":"A deep normalization and convolutional neural network for image smoke detection","volume":"5","author":"Yin","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1007\/s10694-019-00832-w","article-title":"Smoke detection on video sequences using 3D convolutional neural networks","volume":"55","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fire Technol."},{"key":"ref36","series-title":"Proc. ICMLC","first-page":"184","article-title":"An improved object detection method based on deep convolutional neural network for smoke detection","author":"Zeng","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2017.12.034","article-title":"Wildland forest fire smoke detection based on faster R-CNN using synthetic smoke images","volume":"211","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Procedia Eng."}],"container-title":["Computers, Materials & Continua"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.techscience.com\/files\/cmc\/2024\/TSP_CMC-80-2\/TSP_CMC_50544\/TSP_CMC_50544.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T12:13:12Z","timestamp":1741263192000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.techscience.com\/cmc\/v80n2\/57589"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32604\/cmc.2024.050544","relation":{},"ISSN":["1546-2226"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1546-2226","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}}}