{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T15:32:46Z","timestamp":1775230366224,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Tech Science Press","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,20]],"date-time":"2024-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":293,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32604\/TSP-CROSSMARKPOLICY"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CMC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.32604\/cmc.2024.052404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T08:38:58Z","timestamp":1728117538000},"page":"271-307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32604\/tsp-crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Enhancing Early Detection of Lung Cancer through Advanced Image Processing Techniques and Deep Learning Architectures for CT Scans"],"prefix":"10.32604","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Nahed","family":"Tawfik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Heba M.","family":"Emara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Walid","family":"El-Shafai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Naglaa F.","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Abeer D.","family":"Algarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fathi E. Abd","family":"El-Samie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"17807","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"American Cancer Society. 2024. Accessed: Apr. 12, 2024. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/content\/dam\/cancer-org\/research\/cancer-facts-and-statistics\/annual-cancer-facts-and-figures\/2023\/2023-cff-special-section-lung-cancer.pdf"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deep learning applications for lung cancer diagnosis: A systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Hosseini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"17","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2023","volume":"73","author":"Siegel","year":"Jan. 2023","journal-title":"CA: Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"\u201cCancer Facts & Figures 2023 | American Cancer Society,\u201d 2023. Accessed: Nov. 01, 2023. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/research\/cancer-facts-statistics\/all-cancer-facts-figures\/2023-cancer-facts-figures.html"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"\u201cLung cancer causes | Lung cancer in non-smokers | American Cancer Society,\u201d 2023. Accessed: Sep. 26, 2023. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/types\/lung-cancer\/causes-risks-prevention\/what-causes.html"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4917","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-023-09964-3","article-title":"An extensive review on lung cancer diagnosis using machine learning techniques on radiological data: State-of-the-art and perspectives","volume":"30","author":"Shah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Comput. Methods Eng."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2617","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13162617","article-title":"A review of deep learning techniques for lung cancer screening and diagnosis based on CT images","volume":"13","author":"Thanoon","year":"Aug. 2023","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Investigation of histogram equalization filter for ct scan image enhancement","volume":"31","author":"Siddiqi","year":"Oct. 2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10061058","article-title":"A transfer learning approach with a convolutional neural network for the classification of lung carcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Humayun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-019-00245-9","article-title":"Classification of CT scan images of lungs using deep convolutional neural network with external shape-based features","volume":"33","author":"Srivastava","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Digit. Imaging"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6605","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-022-13566-9","article-title":"Deep learning neural network for lung cancer classification: Enhanced optimization function","volume":"82","author":"Pandit","year":"Feb. 2023","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Deep learning in multi-class lung diseases\u201d classification on chest X-ray images","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1755460","article-title":"Lung cancer classification and prediction using machine learning and image processing","volume":"2022","author":"Nageswaran","year":"2022","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/JTEHM.2019.2955458","article-title":"Cloud-based automated clinical decision support system for detection and diagnosis of lung cancer in chest CT","volume":"8","author":"Masood","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE J. Transl. Eng. Health Med."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2019.2947595","article-title":"A 3D probabilistic deep learning system for detection and diagnosis of lung cancer using low-dose CT scans","volume":"39","author":"Ozdemir","year":"May 2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/app9030427","article-title":"Using double convolution neural network for lung cancer stage detection","volume":"9","author":"Jakimovski","year":"Jan. 2019","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0285796","article-title":"Automatic detection and classification of lung cancer CT scans based on deep learning and ebola optimization search algorithm","volume":"18","author":"Mohamed","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"S. B. Shuvo, \u201cAn automated end-to-end deep learning-based framework for lung cancer diagnosis by detecting and classifying the lung nodules,\u201d Apr. 28, 2023, arXiv: 2305.00046."},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"403","article-title":"Automated system-based classification of lung cancer using machine learning","volume":"15","author":"Bishnoi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Eng. Inform."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.013","article-title":"Deep-learning framework to detect lung abnormality\u2013A study with chest X-Ray and lung CT scan images","volume":"129","author":"Bhandary","year":"Jan. 2020","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit. Lett."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-023-05550-3","article-title":"Optimized convolutional neural network for the classification of lung cancer","volume":"80","author":"Paikaray","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Supercomput."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.119961","article-title":"Lung cancer detection from CT scans using modified DenseNet with feature selection methods and ML classifiers","volume":"224","author":"Lanjewar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert. Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03178082","article-title":"Contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization image processing to improve the detection of simulated spiculations in dense mammograms","volume":"11","author":"Pisano","journal-title":"J. Digit. Imaging"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.6703\/IJASE.202303_20(1).006","article-title":"Diagnosis of lung and colon cancer based on clinical pathology images using convolutional neural network and CLAHE framework","volume":"20","author":"Hadiyoso","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"3595","article-title":"OCR image enhancement & Implementation by using CLAHE algorithm","volume":"9","author":"Kumar Buddha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mukt. Shabd. J."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165437","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2952899","article-title":"Multidimensional contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization","volume":"7","author":"Stimper","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Hybrid CLAHE-CNN deep neural networks for classifying lung diseases from X-ray acquisitions","volume":"11","author":"Hussein","year":"Oct. 2022","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"Effect of image transformation on EfficientNet model for COVID-19 CT image classification","author":"Shamila Ebenezer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Today: Proc."},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Parameter selection for CLAHE using multi-objective cuckoo search algorithm for image contrast enhancement","volume":"12","author":"Kuran","year":"Nov. 2021","journal-title":"Intell. Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164466","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3134170","article-title":"Adaptive clip limit tile size histogram equalization for non-homogenized intensity images","volume":"9","author":"Fawzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbe.2016.11.006","article-title":"An objective method to identify optimum clip-limit and histogram specification of contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization for MR images","volume":"37","author":"Joseph","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biocybern. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref32","series-title":"MAESC Conf.","article-title":"Optimization using genetic algorithms","author":"Malasri","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hybrid pixel-feature fusion system for multimodal medical images","author":"Tawfik","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ambient Intell. Hum. Comput."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.4236\/jcc.2019.73002","article-title":"Image quality assessment through FSIM, SSIM, MSE and PSNR\u2014A comparative study","volume":"7","author":"Sara","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-022-10227-z","article-title":"An overview of mixing augmentation methods and augmentation strategies","volume":"56","author":"Lewy","year":"Mar. 2023","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Walawalkar, Z. Shen, Z. Liu, and M. Savvides, \u201cAttentive CutMix: An enhanced data augmentation approach for deep learning based image classification,\u201d 2020, arXiv: 2003.13048.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP40776.2020.9053994"},{"key":"ref37","series-title":"Proc. of the IEEE\/CVF Int. Conf. on Comput. Vis.","first-page":"6023","article-title":"CutMix: Regularization strategy to train strong classifiers with localizable features","author":"Yun","year":"May 2019"},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"\u201cChest CT-scan images dataset,\u201d 2023. Accessed: Sep. 27, 2023. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.kaggle.com\/datasets\/mohamedhanyyy\/chest-ctscan-images"},{"key":"ref39","series-title":"Proc. IEEE Symp. Comput. Based Med. Syst.","article-title":"Vision-based, real-time retinal image quality assessment","author":"Davis","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref40","series-title":"Data Augmentation, Labelling, and Imperfections","first-page":"73","article-title":"LesionMix: A lesion-level data augmentation method for medical image segmentation","author":"Basaran","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Confusion matrix in binary classification problems: A step-by-step tutorial","volume":"6","author":"Fahmy","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Eng. Res."},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"An effective method for lung cancer diagnosis from CT scan using deep learning-based support vector network","volume":"14","author":"Shafi","year":"Nov. 2022","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4185835","article-title":"Cloud-based lung tumor detection and stage classification using deep learning techniques","volume":"2022","author":"Kasinathan","year":"2022","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9579","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-020-04842-6","article-title":"Automatic lung cancer detection from CT image using improved deep neural network and ensemble classifier","volume":"34","author":"Shakeel","year":"Jun. 2022","journal-title":"Neural Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"Lung-EffNet: Lung cancer classification using EfficientNet from CT-scan images","volume":"126","author":"Raza","year":"Nov. 2023","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1109\/TCBB.2022.3192139","article-title":"Automated pulmonary nodule classification and detection using deep learning architectures","volume":"20","author":"Ahmed","year":"Jul. 2023","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Comput. Biol. Bioinform."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1108\/IJICC-07-2021-0147","article-title":"Intelligent classification of lung malignancies using deep learning techniques","volume":"15","author":"Yadlapalli","year":"Jul. 2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Comput. Cybern."},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"Lung cancer detection and classification using deep neural network based on hybrid metaheuristic algorithm","author":"Prasad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Soft Comput."},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Using 2D CNN with taguchi parametric optimization for lung cancer recognition from CT images","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"Apr. 2020","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."}],"container-title":["Computers, Materials & Continua"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.techscience.com\/files\/cmc\/2024\/TSP_CMC-81-1\/TSP_CMC_52404\/TSP_CMC_52404.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T02:29:48Z","timestamp":1741314588000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.techscience.com\/cmc\/v81n1\/58298"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32604\/cmc.2024.052404","relation":{},"ISSN":["1546-2226"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1546-2226","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published Online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}