{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T23:33:25Z","timestamp":1768001605891,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Tech Science Press","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CMC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.32604\/cmc.2025.059012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T06:47:21Z","timestamp":1744181241000},"page":"1821-1853","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hardware-Enabled Key Generation in Industry 4.0 Cryptosystems through Analog Hyperchaotic Signals"],"prefix":"10.32604","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Borja Bordel","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Sela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ram\u00f3n","family":"Alcarria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1s","family":"Robles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"17807","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.119869","article-title":"Industry 4.0, digitization, and opportunities for sustainability","volume":"252","author":"Ghobakhloo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmcj.2017.06.011","article-title":"Cyber-physical systems: extending pervasive sensing from control theory to the Internet of Things","volume":"40","author":"Bordel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pervasive Mob Comput"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3233\/ICA-210667","article-title":"Recognizing human activities in Industry 4.0 scenarios through an analysis-modeling- recognition algorithm and context labels","volume":"29","author":"Bordel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Integr Comput Aided Eng"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.adcom.2019.10.010","article-title":"Industry 4.0: industrial internet of things (IIOT)","volume":"117","author":"Munirathinam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Comput"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4127","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-018-2416-4","article-title":"Process execution in Cyber-Physical Systems using cloud and Cyber-Physical Internet services","volume":"74","author":"Bordel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Supercomput"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2017.06.113","article-title":"Decentralized network building change in large manufacturing companies towards Industry 4.0","volume":"110","author":"Poonpakdee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia Comput Sci"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"International Symposium on Mobile Internet Security","first-page":"112","article-title":"Digital watermarking for enriched video streams in edge computing architectures using chaotic mixtures and physical unclonable functions","author":"Bordel","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mfglet.2018.01.003","article-title":"A complementary cyber-human systems framework for Industry 4.0 cyber-physical systems","volume":"15","author":"Krugh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Manuf Lett"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"2021 IEEE 22nd International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)","first-page":"251","article-title":"Remote anomaly detection in Industry 4.0 using resource-constrained devices","author":"Kalor","year":"2021 Sep 27\u201330"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.3233\/ICA-210673","article-title":"Lightweight encryption for short-range wireless biometric authentication systems in Industry 4.0","volume":"29","author":"Bordel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Integr Comput Aided Eng"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16149","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2815567","article-title":"An intra-slice security solution for emerging 5G networks based on pseudo-random number generators","volume":"6","author":"Bordel","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.3390\/app12031519","article-title":"Development of additive fibonacci generators with improved characteristics for cybersecurity needs","volume":"12","author":"Maksymovych","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s10470-023-02223-2","article-title":"Realization of a pseudo-random number generator utilizing two coupled Izhikevich neurons on an FPGA platform","volume":"119","author":"Feali","year":"2024","journal-title":"Analog Integr Circuits Signal Process"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"211","article-title":"Quasiperiodicities in Fibonacci strings","volume":"129","author":"Christou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ars Comb"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1109\/TED.2021.3057028","article-title":"ReRAM-based pseudo-true random number generator with high throughput and unpredictability characteristics","volume":"68","author":"Tseng","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Electron Devices"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2020.105275","article-title":"Random number generator with a chaotic wind-driven triboelectric energy harvester","volume":"78","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6581586","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6581586","article-title":"Dynamic analysis and circuit implementation of a new 4D Lorenz-type hyperchaotic system","volume":"2019","author":"Al-khedhairi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Math Probl Eng"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3453159","article-title":"A guideline on pseudorandom number generation (PRNG) in the IoT","volume":"54","author":"Kietzmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACM Comput Surv"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10683-0_12","author":"Stip\u010devi\u0107","year":"2014","journal-title":"Open problems in mathematics and computational science"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22987","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2826448","article-title":"Learning from pseudo-randomness with an artificial neural network-does God play pseudo-dice?","volume":"6","author":"Fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.2296","article-title":"Embedded electronic circuits for cryptography, hardware security and true random number generation: an overview","volume":"45","author":"Acosta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Circuit Theory Apps"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"2009 International Conference on Wireless Networks and Information Systems","first-page":"290","article-title":"A high-performance pseudo-random number generator based on FPGA","author":"Ding","year":"2009 Dec 28\u201329"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"2011 IEEE International Conference on RFID-Technologies and Applications","first-page":"381","article-title":"Studying the pseudo random number generator of a low-cost RFID tag","author":"Merhi","year":"2011 Sep 15\u201316"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2545123","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2545123","article-title":"A survey on true random number generators based on chaos","volume":"2019","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Discrete Dyn Nat Soc"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.34.001876","article-title":"Bias-free true random-number generator","volume":"34","author":"Wei","year":"2009","journal-title":"Opt Lett"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91407","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2926825","article-title":"Practical true random number generator using CMOS image sensor dark noise","volume":"7","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"2020 International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN)","first-page":"663","article-title":"Random seed generation for IoT key generation and key management system using blockchain","author":"Choi","year":"2020 Jan 7\u201310"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3579275","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3579275","article-title":"True random number generation from bioelectrical and physical signals","volume":"2018","author":"Arslan Tuncer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput Math Meth Med"},{"key":"ref29","series-title":"2018 Workshop on Metrology for Industry 4.0 and IoT","first-page":"213","article-title":"True random number generators for batch control sampling in smart factories","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2018 Apr 16\u201318"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2019.03.006","article-title":"A true random number generator architecture based on a reduced number of FPGA primitives","volume":"105","author":"Di Patrizio Stanchieri","year":"2019","journal-title":"AEU Int J Electron Commun"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1080\/03772063.2021.1963333","article-title":"FPGA implementation of true random number generator architecture using all digital phase-locked loop","volume":"68","author":"Bharat Meitei","year":"2022","journal-title":"IETE J Res"},{"key":"ref32","series-title":"Electrical Engineering (ICEE), Iranian Conference on","first-page":"120","article-title":"A true random number generator robust against PVT variation","author":"Saligedar","year":"2018 May 8\u201310"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"573","article-title":"PUF-TRNG for a Secure Industry 4.0","volume":"3","author":"Harsono","year":"2020","journal-title":"Conf Ser"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125796","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2939027","article-title":"True random number generators using electrical noise","volume":"7","author":"Gong","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71642","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2986822","article-title":"A true random number generator based on gait data for the Internet of you","volume":"8","author":"Camara","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref36","series-title":"2021 IEEE 23rd International Conference on High Performance Computing & Communications; 7th International Conference on Data Science & Systems; 19th International Conference on Smart City; 7th International Conference on Dependability in Sensor, Cloud & Big Data Systems & Application (HPCC\/DSS\/SmartCity\/DependSys)","first-page":"57","article-title":"High speed true random number generator controlled by logistic map","author":"Luo","year":"2021 Dec 20\u201322"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9040518","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9040518","article-title":"A chaos-based authenticated cipher with associated data","volume":"2017","author":"Teh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Secur Commun Netw"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146405","DOI":"10.1007\/s11704-019-9120-2","article-title":"A post-processing method for true random number generators based on hyperchaos with applications in audio-based generators","volume":"14","author":"Teh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Comput Sci"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"218","article-title":"Chaos-based true random number generator embedded in a mixed-signal reconfigurable hardware","volume":"57","author":"Drutarovsk\u00fd","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Electr Eng"},{"key":"ref40","series-title":"2015 15th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT)","first-page":"315","article-title":"True Random Number Generator based on compact chaotic oscillator","author":"Jiteurtragool","year":"2015 Oct 7\u20139"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.2581","article-title":"A novel high speed artificial neural network-based chaotic true random number generator on field programmable gate array","volume":"47","author":"Alcin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Circuit Theory Apps"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"022010","article-title":"Computer modelling of a new simple chaotic generator","volume":"1477","author":"Rusyn","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Phys: Conf Ser"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3204073","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3204073","article-title":"Improving the complexity of the Lorenz dynamics","volume":"2017","author":"Mareca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Complexity"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s10470-018-1262-x","article-title":"Robust hardware-supported chaotic cryptosystems for streaming commutations among reduced computing power nodes","volume":"98","author":"Mareca","year":"2019","journal-title":"Analog Integr Circuits Signal Process"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"063126","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5022838","article-title":"A 0.18-\u03bcm CMOS high-data-rate true random bit generator through \u0394\u03a3 modulation of chaotic jerk circuit signals","volume":"28","author":"Wannaboon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chaos"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2015.09.015","article-title":"True random number generation using CMOS Boolean chaotic oscillator","volume":"46","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microelectron J"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110504","DOI":"10.1088\/1674-1056\/abbbfe","article-title":"Memristor-based hyper-chaotic circuit for image encryption","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin Phys B"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"8034196","article-title":"Chaos-based application of a novel multistable 5D memristive hyperchaotic system with coexisting multiple attractors","volume":"2020","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Complexity"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8274685","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8274685","article-title":"Pseudorandom number generator based on three kinds of four-wing memristive hyperchaotic system and its application in image encryption","volume":"2020","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Complexity"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1140\/epjs\/s11734-022-00448-2","article-title":"A 4D hyperchaotic Lorenz-type system: zero-Hopf bifurcation, ultimate bound estimation, and its variable-order fractional network","volume":"231","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Phys J Spec Top"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2023.114118","article-title":"Dynamical analysis and finite-time synchronization of grid-scroll memristive chaotic system without equilibrium","volume":"176","author":"Lai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chaos Solitons Fract"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1504\/IJSPM.2018.10014192","article-title":"A new hyperchaotic temperature fluctuations model, its circuit simulation, FPGA implementation and an application to image encryption","volume":"13","author":"Rajagopal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Simul Process Model"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1007\/s41403-022-00326-2","article-title":"Dynamic analysis of a hyperchaotic hyperjerk circuit, FPGA implementation and its application in RNG for medical images encryption","volume":"7","author":"Feudjio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trans Indian Natl Acad Eng"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6101","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2021.3088330","article-title":"Designing a pseudorandom bit generator with a novel five-dimensional-hyperchaotic system","volume":"69","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ind Electron"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1504\/IJCAT.2020.103921","article-title":"A novel ANN-based four-dimensional two-disk hyperchaotic dynamical system, bifurcation analysis, circuit realisation and FPGA-based TRNG implementation","volume":"62","author":"Vaidyanathan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Comput Appl Technol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-020-01521-8","article-title":"Chaotic or hyper-chaotic oscillator? numerical solution, circuit design, MATLAB HDL-coder implementation, VHDL code, security analysis, and FPGA realization","volume":"40","author":"Bonny","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circuits Syst Signal Process"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-023-01837-7","article-title":"FPGA implementation of a chaotic pseudo-random numbers generator","volume":"4","author":"Abderrahim","year":"2023","journal-title":"SN Comput Sci"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2018.10.024","article-title":"Reconfigurable chaotic pseudo random number generator based on FPGA","volume":"98","author":"Rezk","year":"2019","journal-title":"AEU Int J Electron Commun"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2018.2877859","article-title":"Chaos-based bitwise dynamical pseudorandom number generator on FPGA","volume":"68","author":"Garcia-Bosque","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Instrum Meas"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1143\/PTP.83.875","article-title":"Comparison of different methods for computing Lyapunov exponents","volume":"83","author":"Geist","year":"1990","journal-title":"Prog Theor Phys"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2591","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.28.2591","article-title":"Estimation of the Kolmogorov entropy from a chaotic signal","volume":"28","author":"Grassberger","year":"1983","journal-title":"Phys Rev A"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"10","article-title":"Shannon entropy, Renyi entropy, and information","volume":"9","author":"Bromiley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stat Inf Ser"},{"key":"ref63","series-title":"2016 Days on Diffraction (DD)","first-page":"127","article-title":"Method of calculating Lyapunov exponents for time series using artificial neural networks committees","author":"Dmitrieva","year":"2016 Jun 27\u2013Jul 1"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2020.106826","article-title":"Design of a hyperchaotic memristive circuit based on Wien bridge oscillator","volume":"88","author":"Sahin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput Electr Eng"},{"key":"ref65","article-title":"A simple circuit implementation of a chaotic Lorenz system","author":"Corron","year":"2010","journal-title":"Creat Consult Res Educ"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2374","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.44.2374","article-title":"Driving systems with chaotic signals","volume":"44","author":"Pecora","year":"1991","journal-title":"Phys Rev A"}],"container-title":["Computers, Materials & Continua"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.techscience.cn\/files\/cmc\/2025\/TSP_CMC-83-2\/TSP_CMC_59012\/TSP_CMC_59012.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T01:07:07Z","timestamp":1763341627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.techscience.com\/cmc\/v83n2\/60518"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32604\/cmc.2025.059012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1546-2226"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1546-2226","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}