{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T20:19:26Z","timestamp":1776975566335,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Tech Science Press","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]],"date-time":"2025-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":88,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32604\/TSP-CROSSMARKPOLICY"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CMC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.32604\/cmc.2025.061401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T03:06:28Z","timestamp":1739243188000},"page":"877-896","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32604\/tsp-crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["PKME-MLM: A Novel Multimodal Large Model for Sarcasm Detection"],"prefix":"10.32604","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yaling","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xueyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xuliang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"17807","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2024.102353","article-title":"Sarcasm driven by sentiment: a sentiment-aware hierarchical fusion network for multimodal sarcasm detection","volume":"108","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inf Fusion"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.115.1.3","article-title":"On the psycholinguistics of sarcasm","volume":"115","author":"Gibbs","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol: Gen"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining; 2015 Jan 31\u2013Feb 06; Shanghai, China","first-page":"97","article-title":"Sarcasm detection on twitter: a behavioral modeling approach","author":"Rajadesingan","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics; 2020 Dec 08\u201313; Barcelona, Spain","first-page":"225","article-title":"Affective and contextual embedding for sarcasm detection","author":"Babanejad","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"3324","article-title":"Sarcasm detection in natural language processing","volume":"37","author":"Ashwitha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater Today: Proc"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3696","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2021.3072492","article-title":"CFN: a complex-valued fuzzy network for sarcasm detection in conversations","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Proceedings of the 20th SIGNLL Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning","first-page":"167","article-title":"Modelling context with user embeddings for sarcasm detection in social media","author":"Amir","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1109\/MMUL.2021.3069097","article-title":"Modeling incongruity between modalities for multimodal sarcasm detection","volume":"28","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Multimed"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing; 2017 Sep 07\u201311; Copenhagen, Denmark","first-page":"482","article-title":"Magnets for sarcasm: making sarcasm detection timely, contextual and very persona","author":"Ghosh","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining; 2018 Feb 05\u201309; Marina Del Rey, CA, USA","first-page":"751","article-title":"Mining twitter for fine-grained political opinion polarity classification, ideology detection and sarcasm detection","author":"Kannangara","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Web-Age Information Management: 15th International Conference; 2014 Jun 16\u201328; Macau, China","first-page":"459","article-title":"Sarcasm detection in social media based on imbalanced classification","author":"Liu","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"1644","author":"Barbieri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Findings of the association for computational linguistics: EMNLP 2020"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing; 2013 Oct 18\u201321; Seattle, WA, USA","first-page":"704","article-title":"Sarcasm as contrast between a positive sentiment and negative situation","author":"Riloff","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3124420","article-title":"Automatic sarcasm detection: a survey","volume":"50","author":"Joshi","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACM Comput Surv"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2016.10.003","article-title":"Sarcasm detection in microblogs using Na\u00efve Bayes and fuzzy clustering","volume":"48","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Technol Soc"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1177\/1470785320921779","article-title":"Sarcasm detection using machine learning algorithms in Twitter: a systematic review","volume":"62","author":"Sarsam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mark Res"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"2018 Second International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS); 2018 Jun 14\u201315; Madurai, India","first-page":"746","article-title":"Sarcasm detection using recurrent neural network","author":"Porwal","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"2020 International Conference for Emerging Technology (INCET); 2020 Jun 05\u201307; Belgaum, India","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deep LSTM-RNN with word embedding for sarcasm detection on twitter","author":"Salim","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6388","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2963630","article-title":"Sarcasm detection using multi-head attention based bidirectional LSTM","volume":"8","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers); 2015 Jul 26\u201331; Beijing, China","first-page":"757","article-title":"Harnessing context incongruity for sarcasm detection","author":"Joshi","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8597","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-022-12122-9","article-title":"A multimodal fusion method for sarcasm detection based on late fusion","volume":"81","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2023.101921","article-title":"KnowleNet: knowledge fusion network for multimodal sarcasm detection","volume":"100","author":"Yue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inf Fusion"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition; 2021 Jun 19\u201325; Nashville, TN, USA","first-page":"11569","article-title":"Artemis: affective language for visual art","author":"Achlioptas","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering; 2019 Feb 04\u201305; Bangkok, Thailand","first-page":"1","article-title":"A review on sentiment analysis techniques and applications","volume":"551","author":"Yaakub","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"2010 May 17\u201323; Valletta, Malta","first-page":"2200","article-title":"Sentiwordnet 3.0: an enhanced lexical resource for sentiment analysis and opinion mining","author":"Baccianella","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC\u201910)"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"2014 International Conference on Computer, Communications, and Control Technology (I4CT); 2014 Sep 02\u201304; Langkawi, Malaysia","first-page":"333","article-title":"Sentiment analysis using support vector machine","author":"Zainuddin","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"International Conference on Information Science; 2014 Jul 04; Kerala, India","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sentiment mining of movie reviews using random forest with tuned hyperparameters","author":"Parmar","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref28","series-title":"2016 2nd International Conference on Next Generation Computing Technologies (NGCT); 2016 Oct 14\u201316; Dehradun, India","first-page":"257","article-title":"Real time sentiment analysis of tweets using Naive Bayes","author":"Goel","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2017.06.037","article-title":"CNN for situations understanding based on sentiment analysis of twitter data","volume":"111","author":"Liao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia Comput Sci"},{"key":"ref30","series-title":"First IEEE International Conference on Computer Communication and the Internet (ICCCI); 2016 Oct 13\u201315; Wuhan, China","first-page":"471","article-title":"Text sentiment analysis based on long short-term memory","author":"Li","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2020.06.050","article-title":"Transformer based deep intelligent contextual embedding for twitter sentiment analysis","volume":"113","author":"Naseem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Future Gener Comput Syst"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"8726621","article-title":"A BERT-based aspect-level sentiment analysis algorithm for cross-domain text","volume":"2022","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Intell Neurosci"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3522","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-020-01964-1","article-title":"An improved aspect-category sentiment analysis model for text sentiment analysis based on RoBERTa","volume":"51","author":"Liao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Intell"},{"key":"ref34","unstructured":"Dosovitskiy A, Beyer L, Kolesnikov A, Weissenborn D, Zhai X, Unterthiner T, et al. An image is worth 16x16 words: transformers for image recognition at scale. 2020. doi:10.48550\/arXiv.2010.11929."},{"key":"ref35","series-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning; 2021 Jul 18\u201324","first-page":"10347","article-title":"Training data-efficient image transformers & distillation through attention","author":"Touvron","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref36","unstructured":"Liu Y. Fine-tune BERT for extractive summarization. 2019. doi:10.48550\/arXiv.1903.10318."},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"Devlin J, Chang MW, Lee K, Toutanova K. BERT: pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. 2018. doi:10.48550\/arXiv.1810.04805."},{"key":"ref38","series-title":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics; 2019 Jul 28\u2013Aug 02; Florence, Italy","first-page":"2506","article-title":"Multi-modal sarcasm detection in twitter with hierarchical fusion mode","author":"Cai","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735","article-title":"Long short-term memory","volume":"9","author":"Hochreiter","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neural Comput"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tay Y, Tuan LA, Hui SC, Su J. Reasoning with sarcasm by reading in-between.  2018. doi:10.48550\/arXiv.1805.02856.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P18-1093"},{"key":"ref41","series-title":"The World Wide Web Conference; 2019 May 13\u201317; San Francisco, CA, USA","first-page":"2115","article-title":"Sarcasm detection with self-matching networks and low-rank bilinear pooling","author":"Xiong","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref42","series-title":"Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Multimedia; 2021 Oct 20\u201324; China","first-page":"4707","article-title":"Multi-modal sarcasm detection with interactive in-modal and cross-modal graphs","author":"Liang","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu H, Wang W, Li H. Towards multi-modal sarcasm detection via hierarchical congruity modeling with knowledge enhancement. 2022. doi:10.48550\/arXiv.2210.03501.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.emnlp-main.333"},{"key":"ref44","series-title":"Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers); 2022 May 22\u201327; Dublin, Ireland","first-page":"1767","article-title":"Multi-modal sarcasm detection via cross-modal graph convolutional network","author":"Liang","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref45","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition; 2023 Jun 18\u201322; Vancouver, BC, Canada","first-page":"2540","article-title":"Dip: dual incongruity perceiving network for sarcasm detection","author":"Wen","year":"2023"}],"container-title":["Computers, Materials &amp; Continua"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.techscience.cn\/files\/cmc\/2025\/TSP_CMC-83-1\/TSP_CMC_61401\/TSP_CMC_61401.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T06:39:54Z","timestamp":1763102394000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.techscience.com\/cmc\/v83n1\/60117"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32604\/cmc.2025.061401","relation":{},"ISSN":["1546-2226"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1546-2226","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published Online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}