{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T01:50:28Z","timestamp":1763344228687,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Tech Science Press","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CMC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.32604\/cmc.2025.062795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T03:32:37Z","timestamp":1749785557000},"page":"3707-3729","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Clustering Model Based on Density Peak Clustering and the Sparrow Search Algorithm for VANETs"],"prefix":"10.32604","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Chaoliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zhaohui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"17807","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4757","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2020.3041746","article-title":"Efficient and secure routing protocol based on artificial intelligence algorithms With UAV-assisted for vehicular ad hoc networks in intelligent transportation systems","volume":"22","author":"Fatemidokht","year":"2021 Jul","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transport Syst"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1080\/00051144.2022.2140392","article-title":"Adaptive scheduled partitioning technique for reliable emergency message broadcasting in VANET for intelligent transportation systems","volume":"64","author":"Ramya Devi","year":"2023 Apr 3","journal-title":"Automatika"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7706","DOI":"10.3390\/s21227706","article-title":"Intelligent transport system using time delay-based multipath routing protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks","volume":"21","author":"Ghaemi","year":"2021 Nov 19","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s12243-020-00831-x","article-title":"A review of clustering algorithms in VANETs","volume":"76","author":"Ren","year":"2021 Oct","journal-title":"Ann Telecommun"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4899","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3447036","article-title":"Distributed deep reinforcement learning based gradient quantization for federated learning enabled vehicle edge computing","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2020.106851","article-title":"Clustering in vehicular ad hoc network: algorithms and challenges","volume":"88","author":"Mukhtaruzzaman","year":"2020 Dec","journal-title":"Comput Electr Eng"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5307","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-020-02392-2","article-title":"State-of-the-art approach to clustering protocols in VANET: a survey","volume":"26","author":"Katiyar","year":"2020 Oct","journal-title":"Wireless Netw"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"83","article-title":"Using clustering for target tracking in vehicular ad hoc networks","volume":"9","author":"Khakpour","year":"2017 Jul","journal-title":"Veh Commun"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1007\/s10766-019-00629-y","article-title":"A cooperative heterogeneous vehicular clustering mechanism for road traffic management","volume":"48","author":"Ahmad","year":"2020 Oct","journal-title":"Int J Parallel Prog"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2017.10.007","article-title":"Chain-Branch-Leaf: a clustering scheme for vehicular networks using only V2V communications","volume":"68","author":"Rivoirard","year":"2018 Jan","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2015.12.006","article-title":"CEAP: SVM-based intelligent detection model for clustered vehicular ad hoc networks","volume":"50","author":"Wahab","year":"2016 May","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-016-1336-6","article-title":"Trust based authentication technique for cluster based vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET)","volume":"24","author":"Sugumar","year":"2018 Feb","journal-title":"Wireless Netw"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Computing and Communication Technologies (CONECCT) [Internet]","first-page":"1","article-title":"A novel approach of data clustering using an improved particle swarm optimization based k-means clustering algorithm","author":"Paul","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-stg.2019.0019","article-title":"Two stages K-means and PSO-based method for optimal allocation of multiple parallel DRPs application & deployment","volume":"3","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2020 Apr","journal-title":"IET Smart Grid"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2019.08.012","article-title":"Combining density peaks clustering and gravitational search method to enhance data clustering","volume":"85","author":"Sun","year":"2019 Oct","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"2023 13th International Conference on Information Technology in Asia (CITA) [Internet]","first-page":"70","article-title":"Cluster optimization in VANET using MFO algorithm and K-means clustering","author":"Bin Ramlee","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74318","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3190964","article-title":"An intelligent machine learning based routing scheme for VANET","volume":"10","author":"Kandali","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s12046-014-0315-9","article-title":"A fuzzy logic based clustering strategy for improving vehicular ad-hoc network performance","volume":"40","author":"\u00c7alhan","year":"2015 Apr","journal-title":"Sadhana"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2018.09.011","article-title":"A fuzzy-based approach for cluster management in VANETs: performance evaluation for two fuzzy-based systems","volume":"3-4","author":"Ozera","year":"2018 Oct","journal-title":"Internet of Things"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"2021 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications (ISNCC) [Internet]","first-page":"1","article-title":"Enhanced fuzzy logic-based cluster stability in vehicular ad hoc network","author":"Aissa","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2956228","article-title":"Novel fuzzy and game theory based clustering and decision making for VANETs","volume":"69","author":"Alsarhan","year":"2020 Feb","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3951","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.3951","article-title":"SOFCluster: safety-oriented, fuzzy logic-based clustering scheme for vehicular ad hoc networks","volume":"33","author":"Aissa","year":"2022 Mar","journal-title":"Trans Emerging Tel Tech"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15837\/ijccc.2021.1.4123","article-title":"V2V Routing in VANET based on fuzzy logic and reinforcement learning","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2021 Jan 17","journal-title":"Int J Comput Commun Control"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.3390\/en16031456","article-title":"A bio-inspired cluster optimization schema for efficient routing in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs)","volume":"16","author":"Husnain","year":"2023 Feb 1","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14368","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3145905","article-title":"An evolutionary algorithm-based vehicular clustering technique for VANETs","volume":"10","author":"Shah","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0154080","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154080","article-title":"CACONET: ant colony optimization (ACO) based clustering algorithm for VANET. Du WB, editor","volume":"11","author":"Aadil","year":"2016 May 5","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4018\/IJSIR.20220401.oa7","article-title":"A PSO enable multi-hop clustering algorithm for VANET","volume":"13","author":"Temurnikar","year":"2021 Aug 25","journal-title":"Int J Swarm Intell Res"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6790082","article-title":"An intelligent harris hawks optimization based cluster optimization scheme for VANETs","volume":"2022","author":"Husnain","year":"2022 Oct 7","journal-title":"J Sens"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5822","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2023.3257484","article-title":"Harris hawks optimization-based clustering algorithm for vehicular ad-hoc networks","volume":"24","author":"Ali","year":"2023 Jun","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transport Syst"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1242072","article-title":"Clustering by fast search and find of density peaks","volume":"344","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2014 Jun 27","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"22","article-title":"A novel swarm intelligence optimization approach: sparrow search algorithm","volume":"8","author":"Xue","year":"2020 Jan 1","journal-title":"Syst Sci Cont Eng"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88200","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2992903","article-title":"A novel clustering algorithm based on DPC and PSO","volume":"8","author":"Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2019.107306","article-title":"Efficient clustering V2V routing based on PSO in VANETs","volume":"152","author":"Bao","year":"2020 Feb","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s11235-016-0219-6","article-title":"RMRPTS: a reliable multi-level routing protocol with tabu search in VANET","volume":"65","author":"Moridi","year":"2017 May","journal-title":"Telecommun Syst"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71405","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2987968","article-title":"A new affinity propagation clustering algorithm for V2V-supported VANETs","volume":"8","author":"Bi","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2013.10.005","article-title":"Clustering in vehicular ad hoc networks using affinity propagation","volume":"13","author":"Hassanabadi","year":"2014 Feb","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91861","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3307412","article-title":"WOA-DBSCAN: application of whale optimization algorithm in DBSCAN parameter adaption","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-12842-5_6","author":"Sommer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Recent advances in network simulation [Internet]"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-6142-6_7","author":"Krajzewicz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fundamentals of traffic simulation [Internet]"}],"container-title":["Computers, Materials &amp; Continua"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.techscience.cn\/files\/cmc\/2025\/TSP_CMC-84-2\/TSP_CMC_62795\/TSP_CMC_62795.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T01:47:15Z","timestamp":1763344035000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.techscience.com\/cmc\/v84n2\/62863"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32604\/cmc.2025.062795","relation":{},"ISSN":["1546-2226"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1546-2226"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}