{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T01:57:30Z","timestamp":1775008650345,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Tech Science Press","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]],"date-time":"2025-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":242,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32604\/TSP-CROSSMARKPOLICY"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CMC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.32604\/cmc.2025.065709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T07:42:27Z","timestamp":1752219747000},"page":"925-953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32604\/tsp-crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["NTSSA: A Novel Multi-Strategy Enhanced Sparrow Search Algorithm with Northern Goshawk Optimization and Adaptive <i>t<\/i>-Distribution for Global Optimization"],"prefix":"10.32604","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yuer","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yifeng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"17807","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1090.001.0001","author":"Holland","year":"1992","journal-title":"Adaptation in natural and artificial systems"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008202821328","article-title":"Differential evolution\u2014a simple and efficient heuristic for global optimization over continuous spaces","volume":"11","author":"Storn","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Glob Optim"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.585893","article-title":"No free lunch theorems for optimization","volume":"1","author":"Wolpert","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Evol Comput"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2013.12.007","article-title":"Grey wolf optimizer","volume":"69","author":"Mirjalili","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Eng Softw"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2014.03.018","article-title":"Interior search algorithm (ISA): a novel approach for global optimization","volume":"53","author":"Gandomi","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISA Trans"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-016-0022-8","article-title":"Social group optimization (SGO): a new population evolutionary optimization technique","volume":"2","author":"Satapathy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Complex Intell Syst"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1126\/science.220.4598.671","article-title":"Optimization by simulated annealing","volume":"220","author":"Kirkpatrick","year":"1983","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5257353","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5257353","article-title":"Interval short-term traffic flow prediction method based on CEEMDAN-SE noise reduction and LSTM optimized by GWO","volume":"2022","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Wirel Commun Mob Comput"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17923","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-023-09080-1","article-title":"Improved differential evolution with dynamic mutation parameters","volume":"27","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1109\/JAS.2024.124320","article-title":"Evolutionary optimization methods for high-dimensional expensive problems: a survey","volume":"11","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE\/CAA J Autom Sin"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evolutionary algorithms for complex optimization problems in engineering","volume":"13","author":"Callaway","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Adv Comput Theory Eng"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2024.121045","article-title":"A performance indicator-based evolutionary algorithm for expensive high-dimensional multi-\/many-objective optimization","volume":"678","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"1","article-title":"ReduNet: a white-box deep network from the principle of maximizing rate reduction","volume":"23","author":"Chan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Proceedings of the ICNN\u201995\u2014International Conference on Neural Networks; 1995 Nov 27-Dec 1","first-page":"1942","article-title":"Particle swarm optimization","author":"Kennedy","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1109\/3477.484436","article-title":"Ant system: optimization by a colony of cooperating agents","volume":"26","author":"Dorigo","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Part B Cybern"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1109\/MCS.2002.1004010","article-title":"Biomimicry of bacterial foraging for distributed optimization and control","volume":"22","author":"Passino","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Control Syst Mag"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10898-007-9149-x","article-title":"A powerful and efficient algorithm for numerical function optimization: artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm","volume":"39","author":"Karaboga","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Glob Optim"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"897","article-title":"A comprehensive study on artificial bee colony algorithm and its applications","volume":"2","author":"Basturk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Innov Comput Inf Control"},{"key":"ref19","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2009 World Congress on Nature & Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC); 2009 Dec 9\u201311","first-page":"210","article-title":"Cuckoo search via l\u00e9vy flights","author":"Yang","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-12538-6_6","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature inspired cooperative strategies for optimization (NICSO 2010)"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2006 8th Seminar on Neural Network Applications in Electrical Engineering; 2006 Sep 25\u201327","first-page":"151","article-title":"Bee colony optimization: principles and applications","author":"Teodorovic","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Digital Information Management (ICDIM 2012); 2012 Aug 22-24","first-page":"165","article-title":"Wolf search algorithm with ephemeral memory","author":"Tang","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2012.05.010","article-title":"Krill herd: a new bio-inspired optimization algorithm","volume":"17","author":"Gandomi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2015.01.010","article-title":"The ant lion optimizer","volume":"83","author":"Mirjalili","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Eng Softw"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2016.01.008","article-title":"The whale optimization algorithm","volume":"95","author":"Mirjalili S.Lewis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Eng Softw"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruc.2016.03.001","article-title":"A novel metaheuristic method for solving constrained engineering optimization problems: crow search algorithm","volume":"169","author":"Askarzadeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput Struct"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2017.01.004","article-title":"Grasshopper optimisation algorithm: theory and application","volume":"105","author":"Saremi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Eng Softw"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2018.02.013","article-title":"A novel nature-inspired algorithm for optimization: squirrel search algorithm","volume":"44","author":"Jain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Swarm Evol Comput"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-018-3102-4","article-title":"Butterfly optimization algorithm: a novel approach for global optimization","volume":"23","author":"Arora","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.02.028","article-title":"Harris Hawks optimization: algorithm and applications","volume":"97","author":"Heidari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Future Gener Comput Syst"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2022.05.022","article-title":"GOZDE: a novel metaheuristic algorithm for global optimization","volume":"136","author":"Kuyu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Future Gener Comput Syst"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3641","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-024-10694-1","article-title":"Starfish optimization algorithm (SFOA): a bio-inspired metaheuristic algorithm for global optimization compared with 100 optimizers","volume":"37","author":"Zhong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"681","article-title":"Adaptive variational sparrow search optimisation algorithm","volume":"49","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Beijing Univ Aeronaut Astronaut"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"1155","article-title":"An improved sparrow algorithm incorporating Cauchy variation and reverse learning","volume":"15","author":"Mao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput Sci Explor"},{"key":"ref36","unstructured":"Huang J. Research on sparrow search algorithm incorporating t-distribution and tent chaos mapping [master\u2019s thesis]. Lanzhou, China: Lanzhou University; 2021. doi:10.27204\/d.cnki.glzhu.2021.001329."},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"2128","article-title":"UAV trajectory planning method based on chaotic sparrow search algorithm","volume":"41","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput Applicat"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"491","article-title":"A multi-strategy sparrow search algorithm incorporating golden sine and curve adaptive","volume":"39","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Appl Res"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"653","article-title":"Optimisation of BP neural network based on improved sparrow search algorithm for offset prediction in aerodynamic optical imaging","volume":"32","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Optoelectron-Laser"},{"key":"ref40","unstructured":"Jiang NL. Research on short-term power load forecasting based on improved sparrow search algorithm opti-mising long and short-term memory network [master\u2019s thesis]. Nanchang, China: Nanchang University; 2021."},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"74","article-title":"Mixed strategy improved sparrow search algorithm","volume":"57","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput Eng Appl"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"1201","article-title":"Network intrusion detection algorithm based on sparrow search algorithm and improved particle swarm optimisation algorithm","volume":"42","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Appl"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"21","article-title":"An improved sparrow search algorithm","volume":"32","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Technol Dev"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"124","article-title":"Chaotic sparrow search algorithm incorporating spiral slime mold algorithm with applications","volume":"59","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput Eng Appl"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2021.08.031","article-title":"Energy efficient cluster head selection using improved Sparrow Search Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"34","author":"Kathiroli","year":"2022","journal-title":"J King Saud Univ Comput Inf Sci"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1080\/21642583.2019.1708830","article-title":"A novel swarm intelligence optimization approach: sparrow search algorithm","volume":"8","author":"Xue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Syst Sci Control Eng"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162059","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3133286","article-title":"Northern goshawk optimization: a new swarm-based algorithm for solving optimization problems","volume":"9","author":"Dehghani","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref48","author":"De Jong","year":"1975","journal-title":"An analysis of the behavior of a class of genetic adaptive systems"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-93025-1","author":"Mirjalili","year":"2019","journal-title":"Evolutionary algorithms and neural networks: theory and applications"}],"container-title":["Computers, Materials & Continua"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.techscience.cn\/files\/cmc\/2025\/TSP_CMC-85-1\/TSP_CMC_65709\/TSP_CMC_65709.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T02:04:47Z","timestamp":1763345087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.techscience.com\/cmc\/v85n1\/63524"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32604\/cmc.2025.065709","relation":{},"ISSN":["1546-2226"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1546-2226","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published Online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}