{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T14:36:10Z","timestamp":1775745370183,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"Tech Science Press","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CMC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.32604\/cmc.2025.067994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T07:47:36Z","timestamp":1756280856000},"page":"2255-2303","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Systematic Review of YOLO-Based Object Detection in Medical Imaging: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.32604","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Zhenhui","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kaiqing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zhouhua","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"17807","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-016-9849-1","article-title":"Precision diagnosis: a view of the clinical decision support systems (CDSS) landscape through the lens of critical care","volume":"31","author":"Belard","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Monit Comput"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-020-0221-y","article-title":"An overview of clinical decision support systems: benefits, risks, and strategies for success","volume":"3","author":"Sutton","year":"2020","journal-title":"npj Digit Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11012","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-95406-y","article-title":"Hybrid weighted fuzzy production rule extraction utilizing modified harmony search and BPNN","volume":"15","author":"Qin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1631\/FITEE.2200334","article-title":"A modified harmony search algorithm and its applications in weighted fuzzy production rule extraction","volume":"24","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Inf Technol Electron Eng"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1631\/FITEE.2400184","article-title":"Parallel fault diagnosis using hierarchical fuzzy Petri net by reversible and dynamic decomposition mechanism","volume":"26","author":"Xiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Inform Technol Electron Eng"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6567","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-022-10161-0","article-title":"Modeling, reasoning, and application of fuzzy Petri net model: a survey","volume":"55","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Artif Intell Rev"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2024.111395","article-title":"Knowledge-based dynamic prompt learning for multi-label disease diagnosis","volume":"286","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2024.108996","article-title":"Knowledge-based anomaly detection: survey, challenges, and future directions","volume":"136","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2024.109292","article-title":"Unmasking colorectal cancer: a high-performance semantic network for polyp and surgical instrument segmentation","volume":"138","author":"Jafar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3079","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2024.3371894","article-title":"Memory guided transformer with spatio-semantic visual extractor for medical report generation","volume":"28","author":"Divya","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inform"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-020-00376-2","article-title":"Deep learning-enabled medical computer vision","volume":"4","author":"Esteva","year":"2021","journal-title":"npj Digit Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2798","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2020.3019505","article-title":"Adaptive feature selection guided deep forest for COVID-19 classification with chest CT","volume":"24","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inform"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2022.3199107","article-title":"Dense nested attention network for infrared small target detection","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1109\/42.712136","article-title":"Edge detection in medical images using a genetic algorithm","volume":"17","author":"Gudmundsson","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imag"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering11101034","article-title":"Advances in medical image segmentation: a comprehensive review of traditional, deep learning and hybrid approaches","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2023.119854","article-title":"CheXMed: a multimodal learning algorithm for pneumonia detection in the elderly","volume":"654","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2024.106339","article-title":"DCDLN: a densely connected convolutional dynamic learning network for malaria disease diagnosis","volume":"176","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Netw"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"95","author":"Yaqoob","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metaheuristics for machine learning: algorithms and applications"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2022.108814","article-title":"YOLO-anti: YOLO-based counterattack model for unseen congested object detection","volume":"131","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2398050","DOI":"10.1080\/17538947.2024.2398050","article-title":"MAL-YOLO: a lightweight algorithm for target detection in side-scan sonar images based on multi-scale feature fusion and attention mechanism","volume":"17","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Digit Earth"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9243","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-022-13644-y","article-title":"Object detection using YOLO: challenges, architectural successors, datasets and applications","volume":"82","author":"Diwan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12535","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2024.3462516","article-title":"Efficient loss landscape reshaping for convolutional neural networks","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.5954\/ICAROB.2021.OS13-9","article-title":"A study of YOLO algorithm for target detection","volume":"26","author":"Wen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Artif Life Robot"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2022.01.135","article-title":"A review of YOLO algorithm developments","volume":"199","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Procedia Comput Sci"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188084","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3510517","article-title":"Benchmarking YOLO models for intracranial hemorrhage detection using varied CT data sources","volume":"12","author":"Tapia","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7295","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-023-10309-1","article-title":"Development of a deep learning model for safe direct optical trocar insertion in minimally invasive surgery: an innovative method to prevent trocar injuries","volume":"37","author":"Jearanai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM); 2024 Dec 3\u20136; Lisbon, Portugal","article-title":"SegPath-YOLO: a high-speed, high-accuracy pathology image segmentation and tumor microenvironment feature extraction tool","author":"Yao"},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"Costa L. A hybrid deep learning framework for segmentation of crowded objects on medical images: application to digital pathology image analysis [master\u2019s thesis]. Torino, Italy: Politecnico di Torino; 2021."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3541","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.17782","article-title":"Trade-off of different deep learning-based auto-segmentation approaches for treatment planning of pediatric craniospinal irradiation autocontouring of OARs for pediatric CSI","volume":"52","author":"Thibodeau-Antonacci","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s12559-023-10189-6","article-title":"A YOLO-based model for breast cancer detection in mammograms","volume":"16","author":"Prinzi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cogn Comput"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6441","DOI":"10.3390\/s22176441","article-title":"A new approach for detecting fundus lesions using image processing and deep neural network architecture based on YOLO model","volume":"22","author":"Santos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7070","DOI":"10.1109\/TIV.2024.3393015","article-title":"YOLO-adaptor: a fast adaptive one-stage detector for non-aligned visible-infrared object detection","volume":"9","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Veh"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2023.107387","article-title":"CCGL-YOLOV5: a cross-modal cross-scale global-local attention YOLOV5 lung tumor detection model","volume":"165","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11978","DOI":"10.3390\/app122311978","article-title":"ME-YOLO: improved YOLOv5 for detecting medical personal protective equipment","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11091222","article-title":"YOLO-based deep learning model for pressure ulcer detection and classification","volume":"11","author":"Aldughayfiq","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2021.07.007","article-title":"Artificial intelligence image recognition based on 5G deep learning edge algorithm of digestive endoscopy on medical construction","volume":"61","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alex Eng J"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20552076251321540","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076251321540","article-title":"A 5G network based conceptual framework for real-time malaria parasite detection from thick and thin blood smear slides using modified YOLOv5 model","volume":"11","author":"Lipsa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Digit Health"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6108","DOI":"10.3390\/app13106108","article-title":"Internet of medical things with a blockchain-assisted smart healthcare system using metaheuristics with a deep learning model","volume":"13","author":"Albakri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5873","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3232793","article-title":"Confluence of blockchain and artificial intelligence technologies for secure and scalable healthcare solutions: a review","volume":"10","author":"Sai","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57815","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3386826","article-title":"A comprehensive systematic review of YOLO for medical object detection (2018 to 2023)","volume":"12","author":"Ragab","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref41","series-title":"2024 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Electrical Power and Energy Systems (ICEPES); 2024 Jun 21\u201322; Bhopal, India","article-title":"YOLO for medical object detection (2018\u20132024)","author":"Soni"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"29","author":"Das","year":"2025","journal-title":"Revolutionizing healthcare: impact of artificial intelligence on diagnosis, treatment, and patient care"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"09752366","article-title":"YOLO (you only look once) making object detection work in medical imaging on convolution detection system","volume":"12","author":"Inthiyaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Res"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49762","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3384088","article-title":"YOLO-MR: meta-learning-based lesion detection algorithm for resolving data imbalance","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2023.08.018","article-title":"YOLO-based ROI selection for joint encryption and compression of medical images with reconstruction through super-resolution network","volume":"150","author":"Priyanka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Future Gener Comput Syst"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.3390\/machines11070677","article-title":"YOLO-v1 to YOLO-v8, the rise of YOLO and its complementary nature toward digital manufacturing and industrial defect detection","volume":"11","author":"Hussain","year":"2023","journal-title":"Machines"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4846","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15194846","article-title":"Embedded YOLO-fastest V2-based 3D reconstruction and size prediction of grain silo-bag","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref48","series-title":"2018 1st IEEE International Conference on Knowledge Innovation and Invention (ICKII); 2018 Jul 23\u201327; Jeju, Republic of Korea","article-title":"Real-time face detection based on YOLO","author":"Wang"},{"key":"ref49","series-title":"2021 11th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence); 2021 Jan 28\u201329; Noida, India","article-title":"Real time object detection with audio feedback using yolo vs","author":"Mahendru"},{"key":"ref50","series-title":"2018 IEEE 4th Information Technology and Mechatronics Engineering Conference (ITOEC); 2018 Dec 14\u201316; Chongqing, China","article-title":"Object detection based on YOLO network","author":"Liu"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36375","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-021-11480-0","article-title":"YOLO with adaptive frame control for real-time object detection applications","volume":"81","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"ref52","series-title":"2021 Third International Conference on Inventive Research in Computing Applications (ICIRCA); 2021 Sep 2\u20134; Coimbatore, India","article-title":"Object detection and tracking using YOLO","author":"Krishna"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2023.106375","article-title":"A photovoltaic surface defect detection method for building based on deep learning","volume":"70","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Build Eng"},{"key":"ref54","series-title":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA); 2018 Aug 5\u20138; Changchun, China","article-title":"Pedestrian detection based on YOLO network model","author":"Lan"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012029","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1004\/1\/012029","article-title":"Understanding of object detection based on CNN family and YOLO","volume":"1004","author":"Du","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Phys Conf Ser"},{"key":"ref56","series-title":"2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR); 2017 Jul 21\u201326; Honolulu, HI, USA","article-title":"YOLO9000: better, faster, stronger","author":"Redmon"},{"key":"ref57","unstructured":"Redmon J, Farhadi A. YOLOv3: an incremental improvement. arXiv:1804.02767. 2018."},{"key":"ref58","unstructured":"Bochkovskiy A, Wang CY, Liao HYM. YOLOv4: optimal speed and accuracy of object detection. arXiv:2004.10934. 2020."},{"key":"ref59","unstructured":"Li C, Li L, Jiang H, Weng K, Geng Y, Li L, et al. YOLOv6: a single-stage object detection framework for industrial applications. arXiv:2209.02976. 2022."},{"key":"ref60","series-title":"2023 IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR); 2023 Jun 17\u201324; Vancouver, BC, Canada","article-title":"YOLOv7: trainable bag-of-freebies sets new state-of-the-art for real-time object detectors","author":"Wang"},{"key":"ref61","series-title":"Computer Vision\u2014ECCV 2024; 2024 Sep 29\u2013Oct 4; Milan, Italy","article-title":"YOLOv9: learning what you want to learn using programmable gradient information","author":"Wang"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"107984","article-title":"YOLOv10: real-time end-to-end object detection","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2023.112776","article-title":"RDD-YOLO: a modified YOLO for detection of steel surface defects","volume":"214","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107302","article-title":"An automatic inspection system for pest detection in granaries using YOLOv4","volume":"201","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Electron Agric"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.124848","article-title":"EL-YOLO: an efficient and lightweight low-altitude aerial objects detector for onboard applications","volume":"256","author":"Xue","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122669","article-title":"DsP-YOLO: an anchor-free network with DsPAN for small object detection of multiscale defects","volume":"241","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2020.02.067","article-title":"DC-SPP-YOLO: dense connection and spatial pyramid pooling based YOLO for object detection","volume":"522","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3375","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14233375","article-title":"Enhanced swine behavior detection with YOLOs and a mixed efficient layer aggregation network in real time","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2023.3255106","article-title":"Integrated multiscale domain adaptive YOLO","volume":"32","author":"Hnewa","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4099","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2020.3041278","article-title":"SA-YOLOv3: an efficient and accurate object detector using self-attention mechanism for autonomous driving","volume":"23","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2022.07.042","article-title":"Focal and efficient IOU loss for accurate bounding box regression","volume":"506","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"ref72","series-title":"Proceedings of the TEPEN International Workshop on Fault Diagnostic and Prognostic; 2024 May 8\u201311; Qingdao, China","article-title":"Use anchor-free based object detectors to detect surface defects","author":"Liu"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2023.107968","article-title":"Enhancing wheat fusarium head blight detection using rotation YOLO wheat detection network and simple spatial attention network","volume":"211","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput Electron Agric"},{"key":"ref74","series-title":"2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR); 2016 Jun 27\u201330; Las Vegas, NV, USA","article-title":"You only look once: unified, real-time object detection","author":"Redmon"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83535","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-024-18872-y","article-title":"YOLO-based object detection models: a review and its applications","volume":"83","author":"Vijayakumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3390\/drones7030190","article-title":"YOLO-based UAV technology: a review of the research and its applications","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drones"},{"key":"ref77","unstructured":"Alif MAR, Hussain M. YOLOv1 to YOLOv10: a comprehensive review of YOLO variants and their application in the agricultural domain. arXiv:2406.10139. 2024."},{"key":"ref78","series-title":"2021 IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops (ICCVW); 2021 Oct 11\u201317; Montreal, BC, Canada","article-title":"ViT-YOLO: transformer-based YOLO for object detection","author":"Zhang"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2023.107655","article-title":"YOLOWeeds: a novel benchmark of YOLO object detectors for multi-class weed detection in cotton production systems","volume":"205","author":"Dang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput Electron Agric"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1109\/TIV.2022.3165353","article-title":"Cross-domain object detection for autonomous driving: a stepwise domain adaptative YOLO approach","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Veh"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-025-11253-3","article-title":"YOLO advances to its genesis: a decadal and comprehensive review of the you only look once (YOLO) series","volume":"58","author":"Sapkota","year":"2025","journal-title":"Artif Intell Rev"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"032028","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1486\/3\/032028","article-title":"The research on autopilot system based on lightweight YOLO-V3 target detection algorithm","volume":"1486","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Phys Conf Ser"},{"key":"ref83","series-title":"2023 International Conference on Advanced Computing Technologies and Applications (ICACTA); 2023 Oct 6-7; Mumbai, India","article-title":"AUTOPILOT: an advanced perception, localization and path planning techniques for autonomous vehicles using YOLOv7 and MiDaS","author":"Devmurari"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6976","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2022.3217375","article-title":"Defending person detection against adversarial patch attack by using universal defensive frame","volume":"31","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7865","DOI":"10.1109\/TIV.2024.3403667","article-title":"Securing autonomous vehicles visual perception: adversarial patch attack and defense schemes with experimental validations","volume":"9","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Veh"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5609","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-020-05342-3","article-title":"Iris presentation attack detection based on best-k feature selection from YOLO inspired RoI","volume":"33","author":"Choudhary","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics14061104","article-title":"Object detection YOLO algorithms and their industrial applications: overview and comparative analysis","volume":"14","author":"Kang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3125","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-87199-x","article-title":"SED-YOLO based multi-scale attention for small object detection in remote sensing","volume":"15","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref89","first-page":"5401515","article-title":"SCENE-YOLO: a one-stage remote sensing object detection network with scene supervision","volume":"63","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9828","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-93505-4","article-title":"Exploring the impact of hyperparameter and data augmentation in YOLO V10 for accurate bone fracture detection from X-ray images","volume":"15","author":"Srinivasu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.119741","article-title":"Robust real-time polyp detection system design based on YOLO algorithms by optimizing activation functions and hyper-parameters with artificial bee colony (ABC)","volume":"221","author":"Karaman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"ref92","series-title":"Eleventh International Conference on Digital Image Processing (ICDIP 2019); 2019 May 10\u201313; Guangzhou, China","article-title":"Multi-target tracking of surveillance video with differential YOLO and DeepSort","author":"Zhang"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2019.01.012","article-title":"Apple detection during different growth stages in orchards using the improved YOLO-V3 model","volume":"157","author":"Tian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput Electron Agric"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122256","article-title":"A YOLO-NL object detector for real-time detection","volume":"238","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2024.108539","article-title":"Improving real-time detection of laryngeal lesions in endoscopic images using a decoupled super-resolution enhanced YOLO","volume":"260","author":"Baldini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15082","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.15082","article-title":"Image-based remote evaluation of PASI scores with psoriasis by the YOLO-v4 algorithm","volume":"33","author":"Yin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2024.106318","article-title":"YOLO-MSRF for lung nodule detection","volume":"94","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed Signal Process Control"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2022.106786","article-title":"One-stage pulmonary nodule detection using 3-D DCNN with feature fusion and attention mechanism in CT image","volume":"220","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compmedimag.2018.09.008","article-title":"Automatic localization of normal active organs in 3D PET scans","volume":"70","author":"Afshari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput Med Imaging Graph"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100196","article-title":"A deep learning approach for histology-based nucleus segmentation and tumor microenvironment characterization","volume":"36","author":"Rong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5075","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12155075","article-title":"Automated detection and diagnosis of spinal schwannomas and meningiomas using deep learning and magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"12","author":"Ito","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2024.106815","article-title":"Lung-YOLO: multiscale feature fusion attention and cross-layer aggregation for lung nodule detection","volume":"99","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomed Signal Process Control"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2084","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-023-10184-3","article-title":"Localization of contrast-enhanced breast lesions in ultrafast screening MRI using deep convolutional neural networks","volume":"34","author":"Jing","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2022.106903","article-title":"YOLO-LOGO: a transformer-based YOLO segmentation model for breast mass detection and segmentation in digital mammograms","volume":"221","author":"Su","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155027","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad61b6","article-title":"A deep learning-based method for the detection and segmentation of breast masses in ultrasound images","volume":"69","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2022.106884","article-title":"Early detection and classification of abnormality in prior mammograms using image-to-image translation and YOLO techniques","volume":"221","author":"Baccouche","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2020.105823","article-title":"YOLO based breast masses detection and classification in full-field digital mammograms","volume":"200","author":"Aly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2020.105584","article-title":"Evaluation of deep learning detection and classification towards computer-aided diagnosis of breast lesions in digital X-ray mammograms","volume":"196","author":"Al-Antari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbe.2024.08.007","article-title":"Multimodal breast cancer hybrid explainable computer-aided diagnosis using medical mammograms and ultrasound Images","volume":"44","author":"Al-Tam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biocybern Biomed Eng"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102083","article-title":"Towards improved breast mass detection using dual-view mammogram matching","volume":"71","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.120834","article-title":"Highly accurate and fast YOLOv4-based polyp detection","volume":"232","author":"Carrinho","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10841","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2022.3170034","article-title":"Automatic polyp detection by combining conditional generative adversarial network and modified you-only-look-once","volume":"22","author":"Qian","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Sens J"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.105031","article-title":"An efficient real-time colonic polyp detection with YOLO algorithms trained by using negative samples and large datasets","volume":"141","author":"Pacal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-022-04299-1","article-title":"Hyper-parameter optimization of deep learning architectures using artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm for high performance real-time automatic colorectal cancer (CRC) polyp detection","volume":"53","author":"Karaman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl Intell"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.117148","article-title":"Automated prostate cancer grading and diagnosis system using deep learning-based YOLO object detection algorithm","volume":"201","author":"Salman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16030572","article-title":"Assessment of narrow-band imaging algorithm for video capsule endoscopy based on decorrelated color space for esophageal cancer: part II, detection and classification of esophageal cancer","volume":"16","author":"Fang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.107463","article-title":"Deep learning for real-time detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma during nasopharyngeal endoscopy","volume":"26","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3812","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2021.3084962","article-title":"CacheTrack-YOLO: real-time detection and tracking for thyroid nodules and surrounding tissues in ultrasound videos","volume":"25","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inform"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29960","article-title":"Deep learning applied to white light and narrow band imaging videolaryngoscopy: toward real-time laryngeal cancer detection","volume":"132","author":"Azam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12031134","article-title":"Classification of skin cancer using novel hyperspectral imaging engineering via YOLOv5","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4410","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2023.3284060","article-title":"A ROI extraction method for wrist imaging applied in smart bone-age assessment system","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inform"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708137","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.708137","article-title":"Lumbar disc herniation automatic detection in magnetic resonance imaging based on deep learning","volume":"9","author":"Tsai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247112","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1247112","article-title":"An approach to the diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation using deep learning models","volume":"11","author":"Prisilla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-020-00402-5","article-title":"End-to-end computerized diagnosis of spondylolisthesis using only lumbar X-rays","volume":"34","author":"Var\u00e7\u0131n","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Digit Imaging"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2024.105995","article-title":"Detection of whole body bone fractures based on improved YOLOv7","volume":"91","author":"Zou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed Signal Process Control"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2024.106144","article-title":"Enhancing wrist abnormality detection with YOLO: analysis of state-of-the-art single-stage detection models","volume":"93","author":"Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed Signal Process Control"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-021-00564-w","article-title":"Automated classification of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and normal hand radiographs with deep learning methods","volume":"35","author":"\u00dcreten","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Digit Imaging"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239246","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1239246","article-title":"A deep learning method for foot-type classification using plantar pressure images","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2023.105356","article-title":"Improving anterior cruciate ligament tear detection and grading through efficient use of inter-slice information and simplified transformer module","volume":"86","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed Signal Process Control"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.12369","article-title":"Achieving high accuracy in meniscus tear detection using advanced deep learning models with a relatively small data set","volume":"33","author":"G\u00fcng\u00f6r","year":"2025","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compmedimag.2020.101732","article-title":"Cardiac VFM visualization and analysis based on YOLO deep learning model and modified 2D continuity equation","volume":"82","author":"Zhuang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput Med Imaging Graph"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397896","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1397896","article-title":"An automated hybrid approach via deep learning and radiomics focused on the midbrain and substantia nigra to detect early-stage Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2023.105140","article-title":"PDDS: a software for the early diagnosis of Parkinson\u2019s disease from MRI and DaT scan images using detection and segmentation algorithms","volume":"86","author":"Tassew","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed Signal Process Control"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2022.104378","article-title":"Localization of mixed intracranial hemorrhages by using a ghost convolution-based YOLO network","volume":"80","author":"Kothala","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed Signal Process Control"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102464","article-title":"Automated detection of cerebral microbleeds in MR images: a two-stage deep learning approach","volume":"28","author":"Al-Masni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103208","article-title":"A self-supervised spatio-temporal attention network for video-based 3D infant pose estimation","volume":"96","author":"Yin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2023.3292383","article-title":"Image-decomposition-enhanced deep learning for detection of rotor cores in cardiac fibrillation","volume":"71","author":"Shu","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-023-00871-4","article-title":"Enhancing caries detection in bitewing radiographs using YOLOv7","volume":"36","author":"Panyarak","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Digit Imaging"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.2186\/jpr.JPR_D_23_00117","article-title":"Developing tongue coating status assessment using image recognition with deep learning","volume":"68","author":"Okawa","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Prosthodont Res"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20103","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2024.3392674","article-title":"SF-YOLOv8n: a novel ultralightweight and high-precision model for detecting surface defects of dental nails","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Sens J"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1093\/dmfr\/twae014","article-title":"DMAF-Net: deformable multi-scale adaptive fusion network for dental structure detection with panoramic radiographs","volume":"53","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2020.102600","article-title":"Fighting against COVID-19: a novel deep learning model based on YOLO-v2 with ResNet-50 for medical face mask detection","volume":"65","author":"Loey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustain Cities Soc"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2022.106888","article-title":"SMD-YOLO: an efficient and lightweight detection method for mask wearing status during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"221","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122317","article-title":"Localization model and rank-based features selection approach for the classification of GGO and consolidation stages of COVID-19","volume":"239","author":"Amin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2023.107875","article-title":"WBC YOLO-ViT: 2 way-2 stage white blood cell detection and classification with a combination of YOLOv5 and vision transformer","volume":"169","author":"Tarimo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2023.107836","article-title":"An adaptive ensemble deep learning framework for reliable detection of pandemic patients","volume":"168","author":"Iqbal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2023.107392","article-title":"Modified YOLO network model for metaphase cell detection in antinuclear antibody images","volume":"127","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2022.339807","article-title":"Simultaneous phenotyping of five Rh red blood cell antigens on a paper-based analytical device combined with deep learning for rapid and accurate interpretation","volume":"1207","author":"Larpant","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3959","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-022-04039-x","article-title":"Rapid segmentation and sensitive analysis of CRP with paper-based microfluidic device using machine learning","volume":"414","author":"Ning","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008346","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1008346","volume":"13","author":"Zhong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2020.08.030","article-title":"Automatic cardiac MRI segmentation and permutation-invariant pathology classification using deep neural networks and point clouds","volume":"418","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5007913","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2022.3162596","article-title":"Autonomous recognition of multiple surgical instruments tips based on arrow OBB-YOLO network","volume":"71","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Instrum Meas"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-022-03033-9","article-title":"Intraoperative detection of surgical gauze using deep convolutional neural network","volume":"51","author":"Lai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7376","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-023-10323-3","article-title":"Application and evaluation of surgical tool and tool tip recognition based on convolutional neural network in multiple endoscopic surgical scenarios","volume":"37","author":"Ping","year":"2023","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2516","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30173","article-title":"Development of artificial intelligence for parathyroid recognition during endoscopic thyroid surgery","volume":"132","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31175","article-title":"Automatic recognition of concealed fish bones under laryngoscopy: a practical AI model based on YOLO-V5","volume":"134","author":"Tao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"}],"container-title":["Computers, Materials & Continua"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.techscience.cn\/files\/cmc\/2025\/TSP_CMC-85-2\/TSP_CMC_67994\/TSP_CMC_67994.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T05:35:31Z","timestamp":1764826531000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.techscience.com\/cmc\/v85n2\/63837"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":156,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32604\/cmc.2025.067994","relation":{},"ISSN":["1546-2226"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1546-2226","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}