{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T22:15:30Z","timestamp":1740176130718,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Acta Naturae Ltd","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698624000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Naturae"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Among the nonvirion proteins of the vaccinia virus (VACV), a 94-kDa long protein is most abundantly present; the protein is a truncated form of the 150-kDa A-type inclusion (ATI) protein of the cowpox virus encoded by the ati gene. This VACV protein does not form intracellular ATIs, being as it is a major immunogen upon infection\/immunization of humans or animals with the VACV. Antibodies specific to this protein are not virus-neutralizing. The present study focused on the effect of the production of this nonstructural major immunogenic VACV protein on the manifestation of pathogenicity and immunogenicity of the virus in the BALB\/c mouse model of infection. In order to introduce a targeted deletion into the VACV LIVP genome, the recombinant integration\/deletion plasmid p\u2206ati was constructed and further used to generate the recombinant virus LIVP\u2206ati. The pathogenicity of the VACV LIVP and LIVP\u2206ati strains was studied in 3-week-old mice. The mice were intranasally infected with the viruses at a dose of 107 pfu; 50% of the animals infected with the parent LIVP strain died, while infection with the LIVP\u2206ati strain led to the death of only 20% of the mice. Intradermal vaccination of mice aged 67 weeks with the LIVP\u2206ati virus statistically significantly increased the production of VACV-specific IgG, compared to that after intradermal vaccination with VACV LIVP. Meanwhile, no differences were noted in the cell-mediated immune response to the vaccination of mice with VACV LIVP or LIVP\u2206ati, which was assessed by ELISpot according to the number of splenocytes producing IFN- in response to stimulation with virus-specific peptides. Intranasal infection of mice with lethal doses of the cowpox virus or the ectromelia virus on day 60 post-immunization with the studied VACV variants demonstrated that the mutant LIVP\u2206ati elicits a stronger protective response compared to the parent LIVP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.32607\/actanaturae.17872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T17:48:36Z","timestamp":1698688116000},"page":"82-90","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of the &lt;i&gt;ati&lt;\/i&gt; Gene Deletion on the Pathogenicity and Immunogenicity of the Vaccinia Virus"],"prefix":"10.32607","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Stanislav N.","family":"Yakubitskiy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksander A.","family":"Sergeev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ksenia A.","family":"Titova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irina S.","family":"Shulgina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina V.","family":"Starostina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria B.","family":"Borgoyakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larisa I.","family":"Karpenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6255-9745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergei N.","family":"Shchelkunov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"17808","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Fenner F., Henderson D.A., Arita I., Jezek Z., Ladnyi I.D. 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