{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:43:27Z","timestamp":1753890207596,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Revista Cientifica Multidisciplinar Nucleo Do Conhecimento","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":41,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/deed.pt_BR"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Revista Cient\u00edfica Multidisciplinar N\u00facleo do Conhecimento"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The strong affinity between the Spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor is postulated as one of the main reasons for the high viral transmission rate, leading the WHO to declare COVID-19 as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern and to adopt measures to contain viral spread. Moreover, due to the virus\u2019s pathophysiological mechanism, non-specific symptoms, atypical progression, especially in the elderly and immunocompromised, and a faster and more lethal progression are observed. Additionally, as knowledge about the natural history of the virus infection has advanced, persistent symptoms and\/or sequelae causing organic dysfunctions and negatively impacting patients\u2019 quality of life have been noted. In light of this, the objective of this article was to present an integrative review of the main sequels of COVID-19 in the years 2021 and 2022. To achieve this, full articles were searched in the Scientific Electronic Library Online, Biblioteca Virtual em Sa\u00fade, and PubMed research databases, in both Portuguese and English languages, using the PRISMA methodology (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), resulting in the selection of 14 articles. Among the results, the following stand out: the pathogenesis of persistent COVID-19 is based on the theory of immune phenomena secondary to infection, abnormal immune response, and the presence of the virus in immunologically privileged sites; prevalent complications include fatigue, dyspnea, subjective cognitive impairment, neurological sequelae, central nervous system inflammatory diseases, and post-viral olfactory dysfunction; evidence of a causal relationship between COVID-19 and subacute thyroiditis was presented; a higher number of complications and hospitalizations were demonstrated in vitamin D-deficient patients; as well as the presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in the healthcare professional population. In conclusion, a scarcity of studies directly addressing COVID-19 sequelae was noted, highlighting the need for further research to create more specific diagnostic protocols.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.32749\/nucleodoconhecimento.com.br\/health\/sequels-of-covid-19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T22:12:13Z","timestamp":1695075133000},"page":"68-87","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13003\/0pyd3js","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sequels of COVID-19: An integrative literature review"],"prefix":"10.32749","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3070-4823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Thiago Oliveira","family":"Lopes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9251-1263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelus de Andrade","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2383-7695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Willian Guilherme Lobato","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6249-0808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donizete Vago","family":"Daher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8825-4923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irma da Silva","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2952-4337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla Viana","family":"Dendasck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0840-6307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udio Alberto Gellis de Mattos","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5128-8903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda Alves","family":"Fecury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7742-144X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Helena Mendon\u00e7a de","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"18045","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"AFAGHI, Siamak et al. Prevalence and clinical outcomes of vitamin D deficiency in COVID-19 hospitalized patients: a retrospective single-center analysis. The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, v. 255, n. 2, p. 127-134, 2021.","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.255.127"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"ALBU, Sergiu et al. What\u2019s going on following acute covid-19? Clinical characteristics of patients in an out-patient rehabilitation program. NeuroRehabilitation, v. 48, n. 4, p. 469-480, 2021.","DOI":"10.3233\/nre-210025"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"ALEMANNO, Federica et al. COVID-19 cognitive deficits after respiratory assistance in the subacute phase: A COVID-rehabilitation unit experience. Plos one, v. 16, n. 2, p. e0246590, 2021.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246590"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"ANDINO, Raul; DIAMOND, Michael. Editorial overview: Viral pathogenesis: Strategies for virus survival\u2014Acute versus persistent infections. Current Opinion in Virology, v. 23, p. v, 2017.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.06.002"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"British Society for Immunology. Long-term immunological health consequences of COVID-19, 2020 [acesso em 12 junho de 2023]. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/www.immunology.org\/coronavirus\/immunology-and-covid-19\/report-long-term-immunological-health-consequences-covid-19","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.19719"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"CAMPOS, M\u00f4nica Rodrigues et al. Burden of disease from COVID-19 and its acute and chronic complications: reflections on measurement (DALYs) and prospects for the Brazilian Unified National Health System. Cadernos de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, v. 36, 2020."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"CEBAN, Felicia et al. Fatigue and cognitive impairment in post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain, behavior, and immunity, v. 101, p. 93-135, 2022.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2021.12.020"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"C\u00c9NAT, Jude Mary et al. Prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, posttraumatic stress disorder, and psychological distress among populations affected by the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry research, v. 295, p. 113599, 2021.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113599"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"CHAVES, Ieda Bezerra et al. Sequelas do COVID 19 em gusta\u00e7\u00e3o e olfato: uma breve revis\u00e3o bibliogr\u00e1fica. Revista Cient\u00edfica Multidisciplinar N\u00facleo do Conhecimento. Ano. 06, Ed. 11, Vol. 01, pp. 150-166. 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