{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T23:14:47Z","timestamp":1791587687251,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Leibniz Institute for Psychology (ZPID)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cpe.psychopen.eu"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin. Psychol. Eur."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Recent global crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, have contributed to a rise in the global prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders. This study examines the indirect impact of the Ukraine war on emotional disorders within a Swedish clinical population.<\/jats:p>\n         <\/jats:sec>\n         <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The sample comprised participants (n = 1,222) actively engaged in an internet-based psychotherapeutic intervention (cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, and waitlist) when the war broke out. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scale and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale were used to measure depression and anxiety.<\/jats:p>\n         <\/jats:sec>\n         <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Anxiety and depressive symptom severity increased following the war's onset, with an average weekly increase of 0.77-points for anxiety (p = .001, Cohen's d = 0.08) and 0.09-points for depression (p = .70, Cohen's d = 0.01); however, the increase was negligible for depression. Furthermore, higher socioeconomic status (SES) predicted declines in depression and anxiety during the study period, with a 0.69-point average weekly decrease in anxiety (p &lt; .001, Cohen's d = 0.32) and a 1.09-point decrease in depression (p &lt; .001, Cohen's d = 0.48) per one unit increase in SES, suggesting that SES may serve as a protective factor that buffers against psychopathological development during crises.<\/jats:p>\n         <\/jats:sec>\n         <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These findings have implications for mitigating the development of psychopathology during crises and interpreting treatment efficacy estimates during such events. Our findings also emphasize the potential of internet-based psychotherapy in addressing emotional disorders during crises. This study presents up-to-date information about the reaction of treatment-seeking individuals to abrupt uncertainty.<\/jats:p>\n         <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.32872\/cpe.12083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T08:48:48Z","timestamp":1711442928000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5964\/psychopen.cmp","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Uncertainty breeds anxiety and depression: The impact of the Russian invasion in Ukraine on a Swedish clinical population receiving internet-based psychotherapy"],"prefix":"10.32872","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5703-1068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f3n Ingi","family":"Hlynsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0449-4065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oskar","family":"Gustafsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2172-8813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per","family":"Carlbring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1941","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-818697-8.00211-9"},{"key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-06083-5_1"},{"key":"r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743719839381"},{"key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2009.10.001"},{"key":"r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med-psych\/9780190685973.001.0001"},{"key":"r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0101755"},{"key":"r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2021.01.002"},{"key":"r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10182-010-0141-2"},{"key":"r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.19686"},{"key":"r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2720-y"},{"key":"r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231924"},{"key":"r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.05.001"},{"key":"r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cks035"},{"key":"r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bs11090119"},{"key":"r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21088"},{"key":"r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.58.1.78"},{"key":"r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2015.02.003"},{"key":"r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026767"},{"key":"r20","unstructured":"Hlynsson, J. 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