{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T17:55:46Z","timestamp":1784310946300,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Leibniz Institute for Psychology (ZPID)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cpe.psychopen.eu"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin. Psychol. Eur."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Although evidence-based interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are highly effective, on average about 20% of patients drop out of treatment. Despite considerable research investigating PTSD treatment dropout in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), findings in naturalistic settings remain sparse.<\/jats:p>\n         <\/jats:sec>\n         <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Therefore, the present study investigated the frequency and predictors of dropout in trauma-focused interventions for PTSD in routine clinical care.<\/jats:p>\n         <\/jats:sec>\n         <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The sample included <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 195 adults with diagnosed PTSD, receiving trauma-focused, cognitive behavioral therapy in routine clinical care in three outpatient centers. We conducted a multiple logistic regression analysis with the following candidate predictors of dropout: patient variables (e.g., basic sociodemographic status and specific clinical variables) as well as therapist\u2019s experience level and gender match between therapist and patient.<\/jats:p>\n         <\/jats:sec>\n         <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Results showed a dropout rate of 15.38%. Age (higher dropout probability in younger patients) and living situation (living with parents predicted lower dropout probability compared to living alone) were significant predictors of dropout. Dropout was not significantly associated with the therapist\u2019s experience level and gender match.<\/jats:p>\n         <\/jats:sec>\n         <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In conclusion, routinely assessed baseline patient variables are associated with dropout. Ultimately, this may help to identify patients who need additional attention to keep them in therapy.<\/jats:p>\n         <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.32872\/cpe.14491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T08:32:50Z","timestamp":1740731570000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5964\/psychopen.cmp","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Dropout from trauma-focused treatment for PTSD in a naturalistic setting"],"prefix":"10.32872","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9201-7464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Verena","family":"Semmlinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0406-8654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keisuke","family":"Takano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1954-9518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larissa","family":"Wolkenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3095-4732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antje","family":"Kr\u00fcger-Gottschalk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3022-2766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sascha","family":"Kuck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5374-1206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Dyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3787-9576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andre","family":"Pittig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9896-5158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georg W.","family":"Alpers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9502-6868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Ehring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1941","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2019.11.003"},{"key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/bec.2014.26"},{"key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-3204.45.2.247"},{"key":"r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2017.01.011"},{"key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00541-0"},{"key":"r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198612000-00004"},{"key":"r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu080"},{"key":"r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.2148"},{"key":"r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1194669"},{"key":"r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10503307.2024.2352749"},{"key":"r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-023-02182-z"},{"key":"r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00181-8"},{"key":"r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(00)00088-7"},{"key":"r14","unstructured":"Ehlers, A. (1999). Posttraumatische Belastungsst\u00f6rung [Posttraumatic stress disorder]. Hogrefe."},{"key":"r15","unstructured":"Ehlers, A., & Boos, A. (2000). Fragebogen zu Gedanken nach traumatischen Erlebnissen (PTCI) [Posttraumatic Cognition Inventory]. In A. Ehlers (Ed.), Posttraumatische Belastungsst\u00f6rungen [Posttraumatic stress disorder] (pp. 92-94). Hogrefe."},{"key":"r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-97802-0_9"},{"key":"r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-58470-5_13"},{"key":"r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2008.01.013"},{"key":"r19","unstructured":"First, M. B., Williams, J. B. W., Karg, R. S., & Spitzer, R. L. (2016). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders \u2013 Clinician Version. Hogrefe."},{"key":"r20","unstructured":"First, M. B., Williams, J. B. W., Smith Benjamin, L., & Spitzer, R. L. (2016). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 \u2013 Personality Disorders. Hogrefe."},{"key":"r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.11.3.303"},{"key":"r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000363145"},{"key":"r23","unstructured":"Fydrich, T., Renneberg, B., Schmitz, B., & Wittchen, H.-U. (1997). SKID II. Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview f\u00fcr DSM-IV, Achse II: Pers\u00f6nlichkeitsst\u00f6rungen. Eine deutschsprachige, erweiterte Bearbeitung der amerikanischen Originalversion des SKID-II von: M.B. First, R.L. Spitzer, M. Gibbon, J.B.W. Williams, L. Benjamin [SKID II. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, Axis II: Personality Disorders. A German-language, edited version of the original American version of the SKID-II by: M.B. First, R.L. Spitzer, M. Gibbon, J.B.W. Williams, L. Benjamin]. Hogrefe."},{"key":"r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022705"},{"key":"r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2020.07.004"},{"key":"r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22038"},{"key":"r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94"},{"key":"r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2009.09.001"},{"key":"r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465821000382"},{"key":"r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000809"},{"key":"r31","unstructured":"Horowitz, L., Alden, L., Wiggins, J., & Pincus, A. (2000). Inventory of interpersonal problems (IIP-32\/IIP-64). London, United Kingdom: Psychological Corporation."},{"key":"r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031474"},{"key":"r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1295495"},{"key":"r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pan\/mpu007"},{"key":"r35","unstructured":"Kr\u00fcger-Gottschalk, A., Alpers, G., Pittig, A., Kuck, S., Dyer, A., & Ehring, T. (2024). Effectiveness of phase-based trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy in a routine clinical setting [Unpublished manuscript]. Institute of Psychology, University of Muenster."},{"key":"r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1541-6"},{"key":"r37","unstructured":"Kruse, J., Svaldi, J., Tuschen-Caffier, B., Berking, M., & Ehring, T. (2024). Development and validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Questionnaire \u2013 German version. [Unpublished manuscript]. University of Muenster."},{"key":"r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/bumc.68.2.137.35952"},{"key":"r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22822"},{"key":"r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2019.1709709"},{"key":"r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720000070"},{"key":"r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.3.515"},{"key":"r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000132"},{"key":"r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/trm0000404"},{"key":"r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2014.03.002"},{"key":"r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018603"},{"key":"r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21951"},{"key":"r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2009.06.003"},{"key":"r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10503307.2013.775528"},{"key":"r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/63.3.581"},{"key":"r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2028"},{"key":"r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22679"},{"key":"r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10503307.2011.602750"},{"key":"r54","unstructured":"Schnyder, U. (2013). German version of the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) [Unpublished manuscript]. University Hospital Zurich."},{"key":"r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2021.104009"},{"key":"r56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000817"},{"key":"r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2672"},{"key":"r58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2023.104428"},{"key":"r59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ser0000546"},{"key":"r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2021.1929753"},{"key":"r61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-814783"},{"key":"r62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022055110238"},{"key":"r63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017003"},{"key":"r64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028226"},{"key":"r65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028291"},{"key":"r66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104116"},{"key":"r67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1026\/0012-1924\/a000034"},{"key":"r68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i03"},{"key":"r69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00024-9"},{"key":"r70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadr.2021.100093"},{"key":"r71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2019.1706297"},{"key":"r72","unstructured":"Weathers, F. W., Blake, D., Schnurr, P., Kaloupek, D., Marx, B., & Keane, T. (2013). The clinician-administered PTSD scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5).https:\/\/www.ptsd.va.gov\/professional\/assessment\/adult-int\/caps.asp"},{"key":"r73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000486"},{"key":"r74","unstructured":"Weathers, F. W., Litz, B. T., Keane, T. M., Palmieri, P. A., Marx, B. P., & Schnurr, P. P. (2013). The PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Scale available from the National Center for PTSD at www.ptsd.va.gov."},{"key":"r75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7028.24.2.190"},{"key":"r76","unstructured":"Wittchen, H.-U., Zaudig, M., & Fydrich, T. (1997). SKID. Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview f\u00fcr DSM-IV. Achse I und II. Handanweisung [SKID. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Axis I and II. Manual instructions]. Hogrefe."},{"key":"r77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2016.02.005"},{"key":"r78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20072"},{"key":"r79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2022"},{"key":"sp1_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23668\/psycharchives.15955"}],"container-title":["Clinical Psychology in Europe"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cpe.psychopen.eu\/index.php\/cpe\/article\/download\/14491\/14491.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cpe.psychopen.eu\/index.php\/cpe\/article\/view\/14491\/14491.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cpe.psychopen.eu\/index.php\/cpe\/article\/download\/14491\/14491.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T08:51:56Z","timestamp":1740732716000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cpe.psychopen.eu\/index.php\/cpe\/article\/view\/14491"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32872\/cpe.14491","relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.23668\/psycharchives.15955","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2625-3410"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2625-3410","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"PsychOpen GOLD, a publishing platform for psychology journals, free of charge for authors and readers (diamond open access). PsychOpen GOLD is a service provided by the Leibniz Institute for Psychology (ZPID), Germany.","name":"publisher","label":"This article is published by"},{"value":"Research Articles","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Dropout from trauma-focused treatment for PTSD in a naturalistic setting","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"The authors","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"},{"value":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","name":"license","label":"License"},{"value":"2025-02-28","name":"published","label":"Published"}],"article-number":"e14491"}}