{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:07:47Z","timestamp":1787501267508,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Leibniz Institute for Psychology (ZPID)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cpe.psychopen.eu"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin. Psychol. Eur."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite efforts to integrate psychotherapy, the field remains fragmented into distinct theoretical orientations and practical approaches. Prejudices held by psychotherapists towards those from other theoretical orientations may hinder cooperation in research and clinical practice. This study examines stereotypes among psychotherapists from different theoretical orientations and practical approaches (\u2018psychotherapy schools\u2019) towards their in-group and out-group colleagues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cross-sectional online study assessed socially shared evaluations of \u2018warmth\u2019 and \u2018competence\u2019 from the stereotype content model in a sample of 586 German psychotherapists (60.9% licensed; 39.1% in training) from different psychotherapy schools (34.5% psychoanalytic and psychodynamic psychotherapists, 19.8% psychodynamic psychotherapists, 28.7% cognitive behavioural therapists, and 17.1% systemic therapists). Linear mixed-effects models were used to examine differences in evaluations based on the rater\u2019s and the rated psychotherapy school.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The psychotherapists' assumed socially shared evaluations of \u2018warmth\u2019 and \u2018competence\u2019 varied depending on their psychotherapy school affiliation, with significantly higher evaluations assigned to their in-groups than to their out-groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results indicate in-group biases in the social perception of psychotherapists with different theoretical orientations, representing potential barriers to inter-group contact and collaboration. Addressing prejudices is key to strengthening integrative competence in both research and clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.32872\/cpe.17975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T09:30:39Z","timestamp":1771579839000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5964\/psychopen.cmp","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Theoretical orientations and the stereotype content model \u2013 Are prejudices barriers to psychotherapy integration?"],"prefix":"10.32872","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0751-4720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna","family":"Schr\u00f6der","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8976-3244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Trautmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0710-1579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nils F.","family":"T\u00f6pfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9625-6611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian A.","family":"Rubel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3768-4851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katinka","family":"Schweizer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5044-2494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bj\u00f6rn E.","family":"Hermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2023-3824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meike","family":"Shedden Mora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3803-3521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathias","family":"Kauff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1941","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"r1","unstructured":"App, A., & Dobson, K. 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