{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T21:33:15Z","timestamp":1779226395826,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000664","name":"Health Technology Assessment programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR128137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR128137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000664","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Health Technol Assess"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"abs1-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is a significant complication of fertility treatment, where the ovaries become enlarged if they are overstimulated, resulting in fluid leakage. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome can be classified as mild, moderate or severe. Symptoms vary dependent on severity but can include abdominal swelling, pain, nausea and vomiting, and shortness of breath. Treatment typically consists of monitoring initially, with active intervention if the condition progresses to a severe state, requiring hospitalisation. This study explored the acceptability and feasibility of outpatient paracentesis, and of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists, as early interventions for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs1-2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews with healthcare professionals from fertility clinics (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2005=\u20058) and patients who had experienced ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2005=\u200510) across six United Kingdom fertility clinics. Interviews explored views on the proposed treatment protocols, and potential barriers and facilitators to randomised controlled trials evaluating these treatments.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs1-3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both healthcare professionals and patients were supportive of the proposed trials. Key findings included that healthcare professionals recommended clarity on patient eligibility, hospitalisation criteria and consent procedures. Patients expressed a desire to be given more detailed information about potential trials and had mixed opinions on self-monitoring. There were some concerns from both parties about treatment risks, particularly the paracentesis. Healthcare professionals noted a shift to more preventative practice due to the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs1-4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Outpatient paracentesis and gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists were perceived as promising interventions. Potential concerns and recommendations around both acceptability and feasibility were raised, which were used to refine the treatment protocols for the Shaping and Trialling Outpatient Protocols for Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs1-5\">\n                    <jats:title>Funding<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This article presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme as award number NIHR128137.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3310\/gjmm2923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T12:00:08Z","timestamp":1758628808000},"page":"1-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3310\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Views on outpatient paracentesis and GnRH antagonists for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: a qualitative study of patients and healthcare professionals"],"prefix":"10.3310","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8962-7568","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Lumley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Care Research Unit, Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4033-506X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alicia","family":"O\u2019Cathain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Care Research Unit, Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5036-9610","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katie","family":"Ridsdale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials Research Unit, Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research, School of Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7183-6321","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sarah","family":"Drabble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Care Research Unit, Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2871-7946","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials Research Unit, Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research, School of Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4929-7215","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Clare","family":"Pye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1814-3697","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jessica","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials Research Unit, Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research, School of Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8802-4706","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew","family":"Drakeley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hewitt Fertility Centre, Liverpool Women\u2019s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, 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