{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T20:07:23Z","timestamp":1775592443210,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":244,"publisher":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","issue":"56","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/doc\/non-commercial-government-licence\/non-commercial-government-licence.htm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000276","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10\/109\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10\/109\/01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"abs1-1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This assessment updates and expands on two previous technology assessments that evaluated implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) for arrhythmias and cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) for heart failure (HF).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"abs1-2\"><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of ICDs in addition to optimal pharmacological therapy (OPT) for people at increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) as a result of ventricular arrhythmias despite receiving OPT; to assess CRT with or without a defibrillator (CRT-D or CRT-P) in addition to OPT for people with HF as a result of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and cardiac dyssynchrony despite receiving OPT; and to assess CRT-D in addition to OPT for people with both conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"abs1-3\"><jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title><jats:p>Electronic resources including MEDLINE, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library were searched from inception to November 2012. Additional studies were sought from reference lists, clinical experts and manufacturers\u2019 submissions to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"abs1-4\"><jats:title>Review methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inclusion criteria were applied by two reviewers independently. Data extraction and quality assessment were undertaken by one reviewer and checked by a second. Data were synthesised through narrative review and meta-analyses. For the three populations above, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing (1) ICD with standard therapy, (2) CRT-P or CRT-D with each other or with OPT and (3) CRT-D with OPT, CRT-P or ICD were eligible. Outcomes included mortality, adverse events and quality of life. A previously developed Markov model was adapted to estimate the cost-effectiveness of OPT, ICDs, CRT-P and CRT-D in the three populations by simulating disease progression calculated at 4-weekly cycles over a lifetime horizon.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"abs1-5\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 4556 references were identified, of which 26 RCTs were included in the review: 13 compared ICD with medical therapy, four compared CRT-P\/CRT-D with OPT and nine compared CRT-D with ICD. ICDs reduced all-cause mortality in people at increased risk of SCD, defined in trials as those with previous ventricular arrhythmias\/cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction (MI) &gt;\u20093 weeks previously, non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (depending on data included) or ischaemic\/non-ischaemic HF and left ventricular ejection fraction \u2264\u200935%. There was no benefit in people scheduled for coronary artery bypass graft. A reduction in SCD but not all-cause mortality was found in people with recent MI. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) ranged from \u00a314,231 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) to \u00a329,756 per QALY for the scenarios modelled. CRT-P and CRT-D reduced mortality and HF hospitalisations, and improved other outcomes, in people with HF as a result of LVSD and cardiac dyssynchrony when compared with OPT. The rate of SCD was lower with CRT-D than with CRT-P but other outcomes were similar. CRT-P and CRT-D compared with OPT produced ICERs of \u00a327,584 per QALY and \u00a327,899 per QALY respectively. The ICER for CRT-D compared with CRT-P was \u00a328,420 per QALY. In people with both conditions, CRT-D reduced the risk of all-cause mortality and HF hospitalisation, and improved other outcomes, compared with ICDs. Complications were more common with CRT-D. Initial management with OPT alone was most cost-effective (ICER \u00a32824 per QALY compared with ICD) when health-related quality of life was kept constant over time. Costs and QALYs for CRT-D and CRT-P were similar. The ICER for CRT-D compared with ICD was \u00a327,195 per QALY and that for CRT-D compared with OPT was \u00a335,193 per QALY.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"abs1-6\"><jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title><jats:p>Limitations of the model include the structural assumptions made about disease progression and treatment provision, the extrapolation of trial survival estimates over time and the assumptions made around parameter values when evidence was not available for specific patient groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"abs1-7\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In people at risk of SCD as a result of ventricular arrhythmias and in those with HF as a result of LVSD and cardiac dyssynchrony, the interventions modelled produced ICERs of &lt;\u2009\u00a330,000 per QALY gained. In people with both conditions, the ICER for CRT-D compared with ICD, but not CRT-D compared with OPT, was &lt;\u2009\u00a330,000 per QALY, and the costs and QALYs for CRT-D and CRT-P were similar. A RCT comparing CRT-D and CRT-P in people with HF as a result of LVSD and cardiac dyssynchrony is required, for both those with and those without an ICD indication. A RCT is also needed into the benefits of ICD in non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy in the absence of dyssynchrony.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"abs1-8\"><jats:title>Study registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study is registered as PROSPERO number CRD42012002062.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"abs1-9\"><jats:title>Funding<\/jats:title><jats:p>The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3310\/hta18560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,2]],"date-time":"2014-09-02T13:39:26Z","timestamp":1409665166000},"page":"1-560","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3310\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Implantable cardioverter defibrillators for the treatment of arrhythmias and cardiac resynchronisation therapy for the treatment of heart failure: systematic review and economic evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3310","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jill L","family":"Colquitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew J","family":"Clegg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Picot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jackie","family":"Bryant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"6221","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib1","volume-title":"Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators for the Treatment of Arrhythmias and Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy for the Treatment of Heart Failure (Review of TA95 and TA120). Final Scope","author":"","year":"2011"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib2","volume-title":"Braunwald\u2019s Heart Disease: a Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine","author":"Bonow","year":"2012"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2008.06.003","article-title":"Epidemiology of sudden cardiac death: clinical and research implications","volume":"51","author":"Chugh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib4","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics. Deaths Registered in England and Wales in 2010 by Cause. Statistical Bulletin. 28 October 2011. URL: www.ons.gov.uk\/ons\/dcp171778_239518.pdf (accessed 23 January 2014)."},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib5","unstructured":"World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition. URL: www.who.int\/classifications\/icd\/en\/ (accessed April 2014)."},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.023846","article-title":"Sudden cardiac death caused by coronary heart disease","volume":"125","author":"Myerburg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.07.010","article-title":"ACC\/AHA\/ESC 2006 guidelines for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death)","volume":"48","author":"Zipes","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.3.519","article-title":"Exploration of the precision of classifying sudden cardiac death. Implications for the interpretation of clinical trials","volume":"93","author":"Pratt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.189375","article-title":"American Heart Association\/American College of Cardiology Foundation\/Heart Rhythm Society scientific statement on noninvasive risk stratification techniques for identifying patients at risk for sudden cardiac death: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology Committee on Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention","volume":"118","author":"Goldberger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.647933","article-title":"Sudden cardiac death: better understanding of risks, mechanisms, and treatment","volume":"114","author":"Lopshire","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2007.08.022","article-title":"Beta-blocker use and the changing epidemiology of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest rhythms","volume":"76","author":"Youngquist","year":"2008","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1080\/10903120500366961","article-title":"The changing incidence of ventricular fibrillation in Milwaukee, Wisconsin (1992\u20132002)","volume":"10","author":"Polentini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prehosp Emerg Care"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.23.3008","article-title":"Changing incidence of out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation, 1980\u20132000","volume":"288","author":"Cobb","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2005.04.015","article-title":"Trends in treated ventricular fibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: ischemic compared to non-ischemic heart disease","volume":"67","author":"Bunch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2010.08.006","article-title":"Global incidences of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and survival rates: systematic review of 67 prospective studies","volume":"81","author":"Berdowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2006.04.023","article-title":"A comparative analysis of short- and long-term outcomes after ventricular fibrillation out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in patients with ischemic and nonischemic heart disease","volume":"98","author":"Bunch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2012.01.029","article-title":"Long-term prognosis following resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: role of aetiology and presenting arrest rhythm","volume":"83","author":"Dumas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.959734","article-title":"Risk stratification for arrhythmic sudden cardiac death: identifying the roadblocks","volume":"123","author":"Goldberger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2003.025270","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology of heart failure","volume":"93","author":"Mosterd","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1998.1280","article-title":"Incidence and aetiology of heart failure; a population-based study","volume":"20","author":"Cowie","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2000.2289","article-title":"Coronary artery disease as the cause of incident heart failure in the population","volume":"22","author":"Fox","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm102","article-title":"Prognosis of all-cause heart failure and borderline left ventricular systolic dysfunction: 5 year mortality follow-up of the Echocardiographic Heart of England Screening Study (ECHOES)","volume":"28","author":"Hobbs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfr170","article-title":"Ten-year prognosis of heart failure in the community: follow-up data from the Echocardiographic Heart of England Screening (ECHOES) study","volume":"14","author":"Taylor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060495","article-title":"Chronic congestive heart failure. Description and survival of 190 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of chronic congestive heart failure based on clinical signs and symptoms","volume":"15","author":"Madsen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.89.6.605","article-title":"Predicting mortality in patients with heart failure: a pragmatic approach","volume":"89","author":"Bouvy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1097\/00045391-200607000-00009","article-title":"Predictors of mortality and hospitalization in women with heart failure in the Digitalis Investigation Group trial","volume":"13","author":"Ahmed","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Ther"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2009.08.010","article-title":"Patients\u2019 self-assessed functional status in heart failure by New York Heart Association class: a prognostic predictor of hospitalizations, quality of life and death","volume":"16","author":"Holland","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2006.01.003","article-title":"The New York Heart Association classes and functional status: what are we really measuring?","volume":"35","author":"Miller-Davis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib29","author":"Scarborough","year":"2010"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehjsup.2004.05.003","article-title":"CRT only or CRT plus ICD?","volume":"6","author":"Boehmer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.09.013","article-title":"Longevity of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, influencing factors, and comparison to industry-projected longevity","volume":"6","author":"Schaer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2012.02408.x","article-title":"Real-world data on the lifespan of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators depending on manufacturers and the amount of ventricular pacing","volume":"23","author":"Horlbeck","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2001.00082.x","article-title":"Feasibility and initial results of an internet-based pacemaker and ICD pulse generator and lead registry","volume":"24","author":"Hauser","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2012.02.012","article-title":"Rationale and design of the PRAETORIAN trial: a Prospective, RAndomizEd comparison of subcuTaneOus and tRansvenous ImplANtable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy","volume":"163","author":"Olde","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2012.03337.x","article-title":"Evaluation oF FactORs ImpacTing CLinical Outcome and Cost EffectiveneSS of the S-ICD: design and rationale of the EFFORTLESS S-ICD Registry","volume":"35","author":"Pedersen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eum080","article-title":"Implantation of cardiac resynchronization therapy systems in the CARE-HF trial: procedural success rate and safety","volume":"9","author":"Gras","year":"2007","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.108.836254","article-title":"Phrenic stimulation: a challenge for cardiac resynchronization therapy","volume":"2","author":"Biffi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.06.007","article-title":"Implantation-related complications of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials","volume":"58","author":"van Rees","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.04.039","article-title":"Dual-chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillator selection is associated with increased complication rates and mortality among patients enrolled in the NCDR Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Registry","volume":"58","author":"Dewland","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.04.033","article-title":"16-year trends in the infection burden for pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in the United States","volume":"58","author":"Greenspon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eun122","article-title":"HRS\/EHRA expert consensus on the monitoring of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs): description of techniques, indications, personnel, frequency and ethical considerations","volume":"10","author":"Wilkoff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib42","volume-title":"Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators for Arrhythmias (TA95)","author":"","year":"2006"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib43","volume-title":"Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy for the Treatment of Heart Failure (TA120)","author":"","year":"2007"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib44","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Chronic Heart Failure: Management of Chronic Heart Failure in Adults in Primary and Secondary Care. NICE clinical guidelines CG108, August 2010. URL: http:\/\/publications.nice.org.uk\/chronic-heart-failure-cg108 (accessed 23 January 2014)."},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2256","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm305","article-title":"Guidelines for cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy","volume":"28","author":"","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2011.12.004","article-title":"Indications for cardiac resynchronization therapy: 2011 update from the Heart Failure Society of America guideline committee","volume":"18","author":"Stevenson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.07.009","article-title":"2012 ACCF\/AHA\/HRS focused update of the 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities. A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines","volume":"60","author":"Tracy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib48","volume-title":"Coronary Heart Disease: National Service Framework for Coronary Heart Disease \u2013 Modern Standards and Service Models","author":"","year":"2000"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib49","volume-title":"Standards for Implantation and Follow-Up of Cardiac Rhythm Management Devices","author":"","year":"2011"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp100","article-title":"Amiodarone for the prevention of sudden cardiac death: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"30","author":"Piccini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2003.025254","article-title":"Prediction and prevention of sudden cardiac death in heart failure","volume":"91","author":"Lane","year":"2005","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib52","volume-title":"NICE Pathway: Chronic Heart Failure","author":"","year":"2010"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs104","article-title":"ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012","volume":"33","author":"McMurray","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib54","volume-title":"Short-Term Circulatory Support with Left Ventricular Assist Devices as a Bridge to Cardiac Transplantation or Recovery","author":"","year":"2006"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib55","volume-title":"Cardiac Rhythm Management: UK National Clinical Audit 2010","author":"Cunningham","year":"2012"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib56","volume-title":"Cardiac Rhythm Management: UK National Clinical Audit Report","author":"Cunningham","year":"2012"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eup145","article-title":"Varying implantable cardioverter defibrillator referral patterns from implanting and non-implanting hospitals","volume":"11","author":"Scott","year":"2009","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib58","volume-title":"National Heart Failure Audit April 2010\u2013March 2011","author":"McDonagh","year":"2012"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2011.03255.x","article-title":"Rates of upgrade of ICD recipients to CRT in clinical practice and the potential impact of the more liberal use of CRT at initial implant","volume":"35","author":"Scott","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euq282","article-title":"European utilization of the implantable defibrillator: has 10 years changed the \u2018enigma\u2019?","volume":"12","author":"Camm","year":"2010","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib61","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Arrhythmias \u2013 ICDs & Heart Failure \u2013 Cardiac Resynchronisation: Final Scope. URL: www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ta314\/resources\/arrythmias-icds-heart-failure-cardiac-resynchronisation-final-scope2 (accessed 19 September 2012)."},{"issue":"36","key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3310\/hta9360","article-title":"The clinical and cost-effectiveness of implantable cardioverter defibrillators: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Bryant","year":"2005","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"issue":"26","key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3310\/hta4260","article-title":"Implantable cardioverter defibrillators: arrhythmias. A rapid and systematic review","volume":"4","author":"Parkes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"issue":"47","key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3310\/hta11470","article-title":"The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of cardiac resynchronisation (biventricular pacing) for heart failure: systematic review and economic model","volume":"11","author":"Fox","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib65","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Green S. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. URL: www.cochrane-handbook.org (accessed February 2014)."},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7052.275","article-title":"Guidelines for authors and peer reviewers of economic submissions to the BMJ. The BMJ Economic Evaluation Working Party","volume":"313","author":"Drummond","year":"1996","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib67","volume-title":"Guide to the Methods of Technology Appraisal, 2013","author":"","year":"2013"},{"issue":"36","key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3310\/hta8360","article-title":"Review of guidelines for good practice in decision-analytic modelling in health technology assessment","volume":"8","author":"Philips","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00297-3","article-title":"Amiodarone versus implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: randomized trial in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and asymptomatic nonsustained ventricular tachycardia \u2013 AMIOVIRT","volume":"41","author":"Strickberger","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CEPR.0000023158.52511.76","article-title":"Amiodarone Versus Implantable Defibrillator Randomized Trial. Amiodarone versus Implantable Defibrillator (AMIOVIRT): background, rationale, design, methods, results and implications","volume":"7","author":"Wijetunga","year":"2003","journal-title":"Card Electrophysiol Rev"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199711273372202","article-title":"A comparison of antiarrhythmic-drug therapy with implantable defibrillators in patients resuscitated from near-fatal ventricular arrhythmias","volume":"337","author":"","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00376-9","volume":"34","author":"","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)80583-9","article-title":"Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) \u2013 rationale, design, and methods","volume":"75","author":"Hallstrom","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0502.103330","article-title":"Quality of life in the antiarrhythmics versus implantable defibrillators trial: impact of therapy and influence of adverse symptoms and defibrillator shocks","volume":"105","author":"Schron","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199711273372201","article-title":"Prophylactic use of implanted cardiac defibrillators in patients at high risk for ventricular arrhythmias after coronary-artery bypass graft surgery. Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Patch trial investigators","volume":"337","author":"Bigger","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib76","first-page":"97","article-title":"The CABG Patch trial investigators and coordinators","volume":"36","author":"","year":"1993","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-2456(97)00124-4","article-title":"Changes in sample size and length of follow-up to maintain power in the Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Patch trial","volume":"19","author":"Bigger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.11.1416","article-title":"Mechanisms of death in the CABG Patch trial \u2013 a randomized trial of implantable cardiac defibrillator prophylaxis in patients at high risk of death after coronary artery bypass graft surgery","volume":"99","author":"Bigger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib79","first-page":"II77","article-title":"Effect of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation on surgical morbidity in the CABG Patch trial. Surgical investigators of the Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patch trial","volume":"98","author":"Spotnitz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1999.tb00623.x","article-title":"Quality-of-life six months after CABG surgery in patients randomized to ICD versus no ICD therapy: findings from the CABG Patch trial","volume":"22","author":"Namerow","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.7.748","article-title":"Randomized comparison of antiarrhythmic drug therapy with implantable defibrillators in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest: the Cardiac Arrest Study Hamburg (CASH)","volume":"102","author":"Kuck","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000012350.99718.AD","article-title":"Primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: the Cardiomyopathy Trial (CAT)","volume":"105","author":"B\u00e4nsch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1992.tb05166.x","article-title":"Prospective studies assessing prophylactic therapy in high risk patients: the German Dilated CardioMyopathy Study (GDCMS) \u2013 study design","volume":"15","author":"","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.11.1297","article-title":"Canadian Implantable Defibrillator Study (CIDS): a randomized trial of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator against amiodarone","volume":"101","author":"Connolly","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(93)90972-F","article-title":"Canadian Implantable Defibrillator Study (CIDS): study design and organization. CIDS Co-Investigators","volume":"72","author":"Connolly","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.14.1660","article-title":"Identification of patients most likely to benefit from implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy: the Canadian Implantable Defibrillator Study","volume":"101","author":"Sheldon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.124049","article-title":"Quality of life in the Canadian Implantable Defibrillator Study (CIDS)","volume":"144","author":"Irvine","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000134957.51747.6E","article-title":"Long-term comparison of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator versus amiodarone: eleven-year follow-up of a subset of patients in the Canadian Implantable Defibrillator Study (CIDS)","volume":"110","author":"Bokhari","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000066319.56234.C8","article-title":"Defibrillator Versus beta-Blockers for Unexplained Death in Thailand (DEBUT): a randomized clinical trial","volume":"107","author":"Nademanee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa033088","article-title":"Prophylactic defibrillator implantation in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"350","author":"Kadish","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2000.tb06759.x","article-title":"Defibrillators in nonischemic cardiomyopathy treatment evaluation","volume":"23","author":"Kadish","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CEPR.0000023162.45506.c4","article-title":"DEFibrillators In Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Treatment Evaluation. DEFibrillators In Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Treatment Evaluation (DEFINITE)","volume":"7","author":"Schaechter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Card Electrophysiol Rev"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.561571","article-title":"Are implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks a surrogate for sudden cardiac death in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy?","volume":"113","author":"Ellenbogen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.20.2226","article-title":"Implantable cardioverter defibrillators and quality of life: results from the defibrillators in nonischemic cardiomyopathy treatment evaluation study","volume":"167","author":"Passman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041489","article-title":"Prophylactic use of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"351","author":"Hohnloser","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2000.110088","article-title":"The Defibrillator in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (DINAMIT): study protocol","volume":"140","author":"Hohnloser","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0901889","article-title":"Defibrillator implantation early after myocardial infarction","volume":"361","author":"Steinbeck","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eupc.2004.04.008","article-title":"Immediate Risk-Stratification Improves Survival (IRIS): study protocol","volume":"6","author":"Steinbeck","year":"2004","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199612263352601","article-title":"Improved survival with an implanted defibrillator in patients with coronary disease at high risk for ventricular arrhythmia. Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation trial investigators","volume":"335","author":"Moss","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1991.tb04136.x","article-title":"Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT): design and clinical protocol. MADIT Executive Committee","volume":"14","author":"","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013474","article-title":"Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction","volume":"346","author":"Moss","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-474X.1999.tb00369.x","article-title":"Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial II (MADIT II): design and clinical protocol","volume":"4","author":"Moss","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.11.038","article-title":"Analysis of mortality events in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT-II)","volume":"43","author":"Greenberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000257142.12600.c1","article-title":"Health-related quality of life consequences of implantable cardioverter defibrillators \u2013 results from MADIT II","volume":"45","author":"Noyes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043399","article-title":"Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure","volume":"352","author":"Bardy","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2007.10.022","article-title":"Outcome in African Americans and other minorities in the Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT)","volume":"155","author":"Mitchell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706719","article-title":"Quality of life with defibrillator therapy or amiodarone in heart failure","volume":"359","author":"Mark","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.853689","article-title":"Impact of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, amiodarone, and placebo on the mode of death in stable patients with heart failure: analysis from the sudden cardiac death in heart failure trial","volume":"120","author":"Packer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050496","article-title":"The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure","volume":"352","author":"Cleland","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-9842(01)00176-3","article-title":"The CARE-HF study (CArdiac REsynchronisation in Heart Failure study): rationale, design and end-points","volume":"3","author":"Cleland","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl099","article-title":"Longer-term effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on mortality in heart failure [the CArdiac REsynchronization-Heart Failure (CARE-HF) trial extension phase]","volume":"27","author":"Cleland","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.04.036","article-title":"Predicting the long-term effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on mortality from baseline variables and the early response: a report from the CARE-HF (Cardiac Resynchronization in Heart Failure) trial","volume":"52","author":"Cleland","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2008.11.006","article-title":"Effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on long-term quality of life: an analysis from the CArdiac Resynchronisation-Heart Failure (CARE-HF) study","volume":"157","author":"Cleland","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfp074","article-title":"Surface electrocardiogram to predict outcome in candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy: a sub-analysis of the CARE-HF trial","volume":"11","author":"Gervais","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfp034","article-title":"Long-term left ventricular reverse remodelling with cardiac resynchronization therapy: results from the CARE-HF trial","volume":"11","author":"Ghio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032423","article-title":"Cardiac-resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failure","volume":"350","author":"Bristow","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1054\/jcaf.2000.9501","article-title":"Heart failure management using implantable devices for ventricular resynchronization: Comparison of Medical Therapy, Pacing, and Defibrillation in Chronic Heart Failure (COMPANION) trial. COMPANION Steering Committee and COMPANION Clinical Investigators","volume":"6","author":"Bristow","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib118","volume-title":"Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data. P010012\/SO26","author":"","year":"2004"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.09.016","article-title":"Mode of death in advanced heart failure: the Comparison of Medical, Pacing, and Defibrillation Therapies in Heart Failure (COMPANION) trial","volume":"46","author":"Carson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.793273","article-title":"Cardiac resynchronization therapy reduces the risk of hospitalizations in patients with advanced heart failure: results from the Comparison of Medical Therapy, Pacing and Defibrillation in Heart Failure (COMPANION) trial","volume":"119","author":"Anand","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013168","article-title":"Cardiac resynchronization in chronic heart failure","volume":"346","author":"Abraham","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1054\/jcaf.2000.20841","article-title":"Rationale and design of a randomized clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with advanced heart failure: the Multicenter InSync Randomized Clinical Evaluation (MIRACLE)","volume":"6","author":"Abraham","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib123","volume-title":"Summary of Safety and Effectiveness. P010015","author":"","year":"2001"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000065226.24159.E9","article-title":"Effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy on left ventricular size and function in chronic heart failure","volume":"107","author":"St John Sutton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200103223441202","article-title":"Effects of multisite biventricular pacing in patients with heart failure and intraventricular conduction delay","volume":"344","author":"Cazeau","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)01042-8","article-title":"Cardiac resynchronization therapy for the treatment of heart failure in patients with intraventricular conduction delay and malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias","volume":"42","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)01012-1","article-title":"Biventricular pacing in patients with congestive heart failure: two prospective randomized trials. The VIGOR CHF and VENTAK CHF investigators","volume":"83","author":"Saxon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2000.tb07001.x","article-title":"Impact of biventricular pacing on mortality in a randomized crossover study of patients with heart failure and ventricular arrhythmias","volume":"23","author":"Lozano","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib129","volume-title":"Summary of Safety and Effectiveness. Original PMA P010012","author":"","year":"2002"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0906431","article-title":"Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for the prevention of heart-failure events","volume":"361","author":"Moss","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-474X.2005.00073.x","article-title":"Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT): design and clinical protocol","volume":"10","author":"Moss","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.955039","article-title":"Effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy on reverse remodeling and relation to outcome: Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial: Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy","volume":"122","author":"Solomon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.014324","article-title":"Predictors of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT)","volume":"124","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.04.024","article-title":"Reduction of the risk of recurring heart failure events with cardiac resynchronization therapy: MADIT-CRT (Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy)","volume":"58","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.06.061","article-title":"Cardiac resynchronization therapy is more effective in women than in men: the MADIT-CRT (Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy) trial","volume":"57","author":"Arshad","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2685","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.20.2685","article-title":"Combined cardiac resynchronization and implantable cardioversion defibrillation in advanced chronic heart failure: the MIRACLE ICD trial","volume":"289","author":"Young","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2864","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000146336.92331.D1","article-title":"Effects of cardiac resynchronization on disease progression in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction, an indication for an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, and mildly symptomatic chronic heart failure","volume":"110","author":"Abraham","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2006.01.008","article-title":"Influence of cardiac-resynchronization therapy on heart rate and blood pressure variability: 1-year follow-up","volume":"8","author":"Piccirillo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2009.02543.x","article-title":"Assessment of resynchronization therapy on functional status and quality of life in patients requiring an implantable defibrillator","volume":"32","author":"Pinter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009540","article-title":"Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for mild-to-moderate heart failure","volume":"363","author":"Tang","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0b013e32831bc63b","article-title":"Resynchronization\/defibrillation for ambulatory heart failure trial: rationale and trial design","volume":"24","author":"Tang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706695","article-title":"Cardiac-resynchronization therapy in heart failure with narrow QRS complexes","volume":"357","author":"Beshai","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-007-9156-3","article-title":"The resynchronization therapy in narrow QRS study (RethinQ study): methods and protocol design","volume":"19","author":"Beshai","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib144","volume-title":"Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data. P030054.","author":"","year":"2004"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib145","volume-title":"Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data. P030054_S10.","author":"","year":"2005"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199912163412503","article-title":"A randomized study of the prevention of sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease. Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial investigators","volume":"341","author":"Buxton","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eupc.2004.03.009","article-title":"The Midlands Trial of Empirical Amiodarone versus Electrophysiology-Guided Interventions and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators (MAVERIC): a multi-centre prospective randomised clinical trial on the secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death","volume":"6","author":"Lau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000021920.73149.C3","article-title":"Effect of implantable defibrillators on arrhythmic events and mortality in the multicenter unsustained tachycardia trial","volume":"106","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-007-9107-7","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in Brugada syndrome treatment","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfs055","article-title":"Long-term mortality with cardiac resynchronization therapy in the Cardiac Resynchronization-Heart Failure (CARE-HF) trial","volume":"14","author":"Cleland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib151","volume-title":"Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators for the Treatment of Arrhythmias and Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy for the Treatment of Heart Failure (Review of TA95 and TA120)","author":"","year":"2012"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib152","volume-title":"UK Population Norms for EQ-5D","author":"Kind","year":"1999"},{"issue":"27","key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3310\/hta10270","article-title":"A review of the evidence on the effects and costs of implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in different patient groups, and modelling of cost-effectiveness and cost\u2013utility for these groups in a UK context","volume":"10","author":"Buxton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-142-8-200504190-00007","article-title":"Clinical and economic implications of the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-II","volume":"142","author":"Al-Khatib","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.06.046","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with heart failure: the perspective of a middle-income country\u2019s public health system","volume":"163","author":"Bertoldi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2006.00140.x","article-title":"Cost\u2013benefit analysis of preventing sudden cardiac deaths with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator versus amiodarone","volume":"10","author":"Caro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.02.051","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of a microvolt T-wave alternans screening strategy for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement in the MADIT-II-eligible population","volume":"48","author":"Chan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.108.807123","article-title":"Impact of age and medical comorbidity on the effectiveness of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators for primary prevention","volume":"2","author":"Chan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CARD.0000029034.65769.f7","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of primary implanted cardioverter defibrillator for sudden death prevention in congestive heart failure","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drugs Ther"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eup068","article-title":"Lifetime cost-effectiveness of prophylactic implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator in patients with reduced left ventricular systolic function: results of Markov modelling in a European population","volume":"11","author":"Cowie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1185\/03007990802695037","article-title":"Cost\u2013benefit analysis of primary prevention of sudden cardiac death with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator versus amiodarone in Canada","volume":"25","author":"Deniz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2010.04.009","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in children with dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"16","author":"Feingold","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266462309090205","article-title":"Microvolt T-wave alternans and the selective use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators for primary prevention: a cost-effectiveness study","volume":"25","author":"Filion","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Technol Assess Health Care"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2011.02.1180","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of implantable defibrillators after myocardial infarction based on 8-year follow-up data (MADIT II)","volume":"14","author":"Gandjour","year":"2011","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-474X.2005.00070.x","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of implanted defibrillators in young people with inherited cardiac arrhythmias","volume":"10","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.81.1.91","article-title":"An analysis of the cost effectiveness of the implantable defibrillator","volume":"81","author":"Kuppermann","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(95)90359-3","article-title":"Evaluating and improving the cost-effectiveness of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator","volume":"130","author":"Kupersmith","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(92)90341-J","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: effect of improved battery life and comparison with amiodarone therapy","volume":"19","author":"Larsen","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000015504.57641.D0","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator versus antiarrhythmic drugs in survivors of serious ventricular tachyarrhythmias: results of the Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) economic analysis substudy","volume":"105","author":"Larsen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.581884","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of defibrillator therapy or amiodarone in chronic stable heart failure: results from the Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT)","volume":"114","author":"Mark","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib171","first-page":"1199","article-title":"Should the implantable cardiac defibrillator be used for primary prevention of sudden death? A review of the issues relevant to hospital decision making","volume":"20","author":"McGregor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib172","volume-title":"Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators for Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death","author":"","year":"2006"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.21.2129","article-title":"The cost-effectiveness of automatic implantable cardiac defibrillators: results from MADIT","volume":"97","author":"Mushlin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2165\/00148365-200806010-00006","article-title":"Cost effectiveness of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators for primary prevention in a Belgian context","volume":"6","author":"Neyt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl Health Econ Health Policy"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.68.8.241","article-title":"Cost effectiveness of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator: a preliminary analysis","volume":"68","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-126-1-199701010-00001","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of implantable cardioverter defibrillators relative to amiodarone for prevention of sudden cardiac death","volume":"126","author":"Owens","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.125501","article-title":"Effect of risk stratification on cost-effectiveness of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator","volume":"144","author":"Owens","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1590\/S0066-782X2010005000134","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of implantable cardioverter defibrillators in Brazil in the public and private sectors","volume":"95","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arq Bras Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-135-10-200111200-00007","article-title":"Potential cost-effectiveness of prophylactic use of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator or amiodarone after myocardial infarction","volume":"135","author":"Sanders","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib180","first-page":"1","article-title":"Special report: cost-effectiveness of implantable cardioverter defibrillators in a MADIT-II population","volume":"19","author":"Sanders","year":"2004","journal-title":"Technol Eval Cent Assess Program Exec Summ"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa051989","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators","volume":"353","author":"Sanders","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2010.04.021","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of implantable cardioverter defibrillators in patients \u2265\u200965 years of age","volume":"160","author":"Sanders","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1161\/hc3901.096720","article-title":"Effect of clinical risk stratification on cost-effectiveness of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: the Canadian implantable defibrillator study","volume":"104","author":"Sheldon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(02)01078-1","article-title":"Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of implantable cardioverter defibrillators in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias among Medicare beneficiaries","volume":"112","author":"Weiss","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2007.06.026","article-title":"Life expectancy gains and cost-effectiveness of implantable cardioverter\/defibrillators for the primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"154","author":"You","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.03.032","article-title":"The cost effectiveness of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: results from the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT)-II","volume":"47","author":"Zwanziger","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2005.03092.x","article-title":"Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in heart failure \u2013 a model to assess the economic value of this new medical technology","volume":"8","author":"Banz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-8932(10)70293-1","article-title":"Economic assessment of cardiac resynchronization therapy","volume":"63","author":"Callejo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi662","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy: results from the CARE-HF trial","volume":"26","author":"Calvert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1185\/030079906X112516","article-title":"Modelling the economic and health consequences of cardiac resynchronization therapy in the UK","volume":"22","author":"Caro","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2008.06.018","article-title":"Cost effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy in the Nordic region: an analysis based on the CARE-HF trial","volume":"10","author":"Blomstrom","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.08.033","article-title":"Cost effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy in the Comparison of Medical Therapy, Pacing, and Defibrillation in Heart Failure (COMPANION) trial","volume":"46","author":"Feldman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2165\/00129784-200606020-00007","article-title":"Cost effectiveness of biventricular pacemakers in heart failure patients","volume":"6","author":"Heerey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Cardiovasc Drugs"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib194","author":"McAlister","year":"2004"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib195","volume-title":"Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy for Severe Heart Failure","author":"","year":"2006"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000276","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000276","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of cardiac resynchronisation therapy for patients with moderate-to-severe heart failure: a lifetime Markov model","volume":"1","author":"Neyt","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-141-5-200409070-00102","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with symptomatic heart failure","volume":"141","author":"Nichol","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl382","article-title":"The long-term cost-effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator","volume":"28","author":"Yao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-007-0586-9","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy in combination with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (CRT-D) for the treatment of chronic heart failure from a German health care system perspective","volume":"97","author":"Aidelsburger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266462312000505","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy: perspective from Argentina","volume":"28","author":"Poggio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Technol Assess Health Care"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2009.00608.x","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in Brazil: primary prevention analysis in the public sector","volume":"13","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.10.1416","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: results from the Canadian Implantable Defibrillator Study (CIDS)","volume":"103","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2008.05.073","article-title":"Is combined resynchronisation and implantable defibrillator therapy a cost-effective option for left ventricular dysfunction?","volume":"137","author":"Bond","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01895-8","article-title":"Long-term clinical effect of hemodynamically optimized cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with heart failure and ventricular conduction delay","volume":"39","author":"Auricchio","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2002.3232","article-title":"Comparative effects of permanent biventricular and right-univentricular pacing in heart failure patients with chronic atrial fibrillation","volume":"23","author":"Leclercq","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CEPR.0000023167.11038.8f","article-title":"Comparison of permanent left ventricular and biventricular pacing in patients with heart failure and chronic atrial fibrillation: a prospective hemodynamic study","volume":"7","author":"Garrigue","year":"2003","journal-title":"Card Electrophysiol Rev"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leclerq C, Cazeau S, Lellouche D, et al. Upgrading from Right Ventricular Pacing to Biventricular Pacing in Previously Paced Patients with Advanced Heart Failure: a Randomized Controlled Study (the RD-CHF Trial). European Society of Cardiology Congress, Vienna, Austria, 30 August \u2013 3 September 2003.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1099-5129(03)91518-2"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2005.03.002","article-title":"Rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial to assess the safety and efficacy of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction with previous symptoms or mild heart failure \u2013 The REsynchronization reVErses Remodeling in Systolic left vEntricular dysfunction (REVERSE) study","volume":"151","author":"Linde","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Heart Journal"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib209","first-page":"1217","article-title":"MADIT-CRT: the Multicentre Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy","volume":"11","author":"Moss","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1050(200003)9:2<149::AID-HEC501>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Establishing health state valuations for disease-specific states: an example from heart disease","volume":"9","author":"Kirsch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Health Econ"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2005.01.012","article-title":"The impact of chronic heart failure on health-related quality of life data acquired in the baseline phase of the CARE-HF study","volume":"7","author":"Calvert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib212","volume-title":"Guide to the Single Technology Appraisal Process","author":"","year":"2009"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-4-89","article-title":"Assessing responsiveness of generic and specific health related quality of life measures in heart failure","volume":"4","author":"Eurich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2008.00425.x","article-title":"Utility estimates for decision-analytic modeling in chronic heart failure \u2013 health states based on New York Heart Association classes and number of rehospitalizations","volume":"12","author":"Gohler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2007.00694.x","article-title":"Quality of life among implantable cardioverter-defibrillator recipients in the primary prevention therapeutic era","volume":"30","author":"Groeneveld","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39164.568183.AE","article-title":"Effectiveness of visits from community pharmacists for patients with heart failure: HeartMed randomised controlled trial","volume":"334","author":"Holland","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib217","unstructured":"Public Health England. Central Cardiac Audit Database (CCAD). URL: http:\/\/www.sepho.org.uk\/viewResource.aspx?id=6584 (accessed April 2014)."},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib218","unstructured":"Department of Health. NHS Reference Costs 2010\u20132011. URL: www.dh.gov.uk\/en\/Publicationsandstatistics\/Publications\/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance\/DH_122803 (accessed 23 January 2014)."},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib219","volume-title":"British National Formulary","author":"","year":"2011"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198526629.001.0001","volume-title":"Decision Modelling for Health Economic Evaluation","author":"Briggs","year":"2006"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-138-6-200303180-00007","article-title":"Implantable cardioverter defibrillators in primary and secondary prevention: a systematic review of randomized, controlled trials","volume":"138","author":"Ezekowitz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib222","volume-title":"Coronary Heart Disease Statistics: 2012 Edition","author":"Townsend","year":"2012"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib223","author":"Curnis","year":"2003"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2004.02.003","article-title":"Hospitalized heart failure: rates and long-term mortality","volume":"10","author":"Shahar","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib225","volume-title":"Access to Cardiac Care in the UK: A Report on Recent Trends, Variations in Access & Future Need","author":"","year":"2009"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib226","volume-title":"UK Cardiothoracic Transplant Audit, Annual Report","author":"","year":"2011"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib227","unstructured":"Hussey JC, Bond ZC, Collett D, Wallwork J. Long term patient survival for heart transplant recipients in the UK. URL: www.organdonation.nhs.uk\/statistics\/presentations\/pdfs\/bts_2004_long-term_pt_survival_%20heart.pdf (accessed 23 January 2014)."},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2006.08.010","article-title":"Methodological issues in the economic analysis of cancer treatments","volume":"42","author":"Tappenden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib229","unstructured":"Department of Health. NHS UK Tariff 2012\u201313. URL: www.dh.gov.uk\/en\/Publicationsandstatistics\/Publications\/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance\/DH_132654. 2012 (accessed 23 January 2014)."},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2010.05.016","article-title":"All cause mortality of cardiac resynchronization therapy with implantable cardioverter defibrillator: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"145","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-154-6-201103150-00313","article-title":"Meta-analysis: cardiac resynchronization therapy for patients with less symptomatic heart failure","volume":"154","author":"Al-Majed","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.101685","article-title":"Cardiac resynchronization therapy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"183","author":"Wells","year":"2011","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2011.06.372","article-title":"Mortality reduction of cardiac resynchronization and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy in heart failure: an updated meta-analysis. Does recent evidence change the standard of care?","volume":"17","author":"Bertoldi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Card Fail"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2001.111261","article-title":"Lead- and device-related complications in the antiarrhythmics versus implantable defibrillators trial","volume":"141","author":"Kron","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CEPR.0000023163.67758.b1","article-title":"Clinical significance of device-related complications in clinical trials and implications for future trials: insights from the Antiarrhytmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) trial","volume":"7","author":"Kron","year":"2003","journal-title":"Card Electrophysiol Rev"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2003.01554.x","article-title":"Analysis of implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in the Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) trial","volume":"14","author":"Klein","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(97)80001-4","article-title":"Baseline characteristics of patients in the Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Patch trial","volume":"134","author":"Curtis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1993.tb01624.x","article-title":"ICD versus drugs in cardiac arrest survivors: preliminary results of the Cardiac Arrest Study Hamburg","volume":"16","author":"Siebels","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(93)90973-G","article-title":"Preliminary results of the Cardiac Arrest Study Hamburg (CASH)","volume":"72","author":"Siebels","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(94)90101-5","article-title":"Implantable cardioverter defibrillator compared with antiarrhythmic drug treatment in cardiac arrest survivors (the Cardiac Arrest Study Hamburg)","volume":"127","author":"Siebels","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2010.208355","article-title":"Cardiac resynchronisation therapy in patients with heart failure and a normal QRS duration: the RESPOND study","volume":"97","author":"Foley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7133.2008.07613.x","article-title":"Baseline characteristics of patients randomized in the Resynchronization Reverses Remodeling in Systolic Left Ventricular Dysfunction (REVERSE) study","volume":"14","author":"Linde","year":"2008","journal-title":"Congest Heart Fail"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.08.027","article-title":"Randomized trial of cardiac resynchronization in mildly symptomatic heart failure patients and in asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction and previous heart failure symptoms","volume":"52","author":"Linde","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key2014090214100283_ref1-bib244","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data (SSED); 2005. URL: www.fda.gov\/ohrms\/dockets\/dockets\/05m0289\/05m-0289-aav0001-03-SSED-vol1.pdf (accessed April 2014)."}],"container-title":["Health Technology Assessment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk\/publications\/hta18560\/hta18560.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/njl-admin.nihr.ac.uk\/document\/download\/2001966","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk\/publications\/hta18560\/hta18560.xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/njl-admin.nihr.ac.uk\/document\/download\/2002555","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,2]],"date-time":"2024-06-02T05:23:26Z","timestamp":1717305806000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk\/hta\/hta18560\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"references-count":244,"journal-issue":{"issue":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3310\/hta18560"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3310\/hta18560","relation":{},"ISSN":["1366-5278","2046-4924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1366-5278","type":"print"},{"value":"2046-4924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"This content has been made freely available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}