{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T06:35:19Z","timestamp":1792564519859,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","issue":"41","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]],"date-time":"2017-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501545600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/doc\/non-commercial-government-licence\/non-commercial-government-licence.htm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000664","name":"Health Technology Assessment programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12\/01\/50"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12\/01\/50"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000664","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Health Technol Assess"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"abs1-1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diet- and physical activity-based interventions in pregnancy have the potential to alter maternal and child outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"abs1-2\"><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess whether or not the effects of diet and lifestyle interventions vary in subgroups of women, based on maternal body mass index (BMI), age, parity, Caucasian ethnicity and underlying medical condition(s), by undertaking an individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis. We also evaluated the association of gestational weight gain (GWG) with adverse pregnancy outcomes and assessed the cost-effectiveness of the interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"abs1-3\"><jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title><jats:p>MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects and Health Technology Assessment database were searched from October 2013 to March 2015 (to update a previous search).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"abs1-4\"><jats:title>Review methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Researchers from the International Weight Management in Pregnancy Collaborative Network shared the primary data. For each intervention type and outcome, we performed a two-step IPD random-effects meta-analysis, for all women (except underweight) combined and for each subgroup of interest, to obtain summary estimates of effects and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and synthesised the differences in effects between subgroups. In the first stage, we fitted a linear regression adjusted for baseline (for continuous outcomes) or a logistic regression model (for binary outcomes) in each study separately; estimates were combined across studies using random-effects meta-analysis models. We quantified the relationship between weight gain and complications, and undertook a decision-analytic model-based economic evaluation to assess the cost-effectiveness of the interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"abs1-5\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diet and lifestyle interventions reduced GWG by an average of 0.70\u2009kg (95% CI \u20130.92 to \u20130.48\u2009kg; 33 studies, 9320 women). The effects on composite maternal outcome [summary odds ratio (OR) 0.90, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.03; 24 studies, 8852 women] and composite fetal\/neonatal outcome (summary OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.08; 18 studies, 7981 women) were not significant. The effect did not vary with baseline BMI, age, ethnicity, parity or underlying medical conditions for GWG, and composite maternal and fetal outcomes. Lifestyle interventions reduce Caesarean sections (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.99), but not other individual maternal outcomes such as gestational diabetes mellitus (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.10), pre-eclampsia or pregnancy-induced hypertension (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.16) and preterm birth (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.13). There was no significant effect on fetal outcomes. The interventions were not cost-effective. GWG, including adherence to the Institute of Medicine-recommended targets, was not associated with a reduction in complications. Predictors of GWG were maternal age (summary estimate \u20130.10\u2009kg, 95% CI \u20130.14 to \u20130.06\u2009kg) and multiparity (summary estimate \u20130.73\u2009kg, 95% CI \u20131.24 to \u20130.23\u2009kg).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"abs1-6\"><jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings were limited by the lack of standardisation in the components of intervention, residual heterogeneity in effects across studies for most analyses and the unavailability of IPD in some studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"abs1-7\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diet and lifestyle interventions in pregnancy are clinically effective in reducing GWG irrespective of risk factors, with no effects on composite maternal and fetal outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"abs1-8\"><jats:title>Future work<\/jats:title><jats:p>The differential effects of lifestyle interventions on individual pregnancy outcomes need evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"abs1-9\"><jats:title>Study registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42013003804.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"abs1-10\"><jats:title>Funding<\/jats:title><jats:p>The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3310\/hta21410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,10]],"date-time":"2017-08-10T10:17:52Z","timestamp":1502360272000},"page":"1-158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3310\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":244,"title":["Effects of antenatal diet and physical activity on maternal and fetal outcomes: individual patient data meta-analysis and health economic evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3310","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ewelina","family":"Rogozi\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s Health Research Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"},{"name":"Multidisciplinary Evidence Synthesis Hub, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Marlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics Unit, School of Health and Population Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Girish","family":"Rayanagoudar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s Health Research Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anneloes E","family":"Ruifrok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Dodds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s Health Research Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Molyneaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Women\u2019s Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mireille NM","family":"van Poppel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research (EMGO+), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Institute of Sport Science, University of Graz, Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucilla","family":"Poston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Women\u2019s Health, Women\u2019s Health Academic Centre, King\u2019s College London, St Thomas\u2019 Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina A","family":"Vinter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Odense University Hospital, University of\u2009Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fionnuala","family":"McAuliffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine & Medical Science, UCD Institute of Food and Health, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jodie M","family":"Dodd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia"},{"name":"Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health Network, Women\u2019s and Babies Division, North Adelaide, SA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Owens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruben","family":"Barakat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad F\u00edsica y del Deporte, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Perales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad F\u00edsica y del Deporte, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose G","family":"Cecatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Surita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SeonAe","family":"Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annick","family":"Bogaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit Healthy Living, University Colleges Leuven-Limburg, Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Centre for Research and Innovation in Care, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Devlieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mother and Child, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Colleges Leuven-Limburg, Hasselt and University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Teede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryce","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lene","family":"Haakstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garry X","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Shub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nermeen El","family":"Beltagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narges","family":"Motahari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janette","family":"Khoury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Tonstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riitta","family":"Luoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarja I","family":"Kinnunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kym","family":"Guelfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Facchinetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mother-Infant Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Petrella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mother-Infant Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Phelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kinesiology Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T\u00e2nia T","family":"Scudeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management and Health Care, S\u00e3o Paulo Federal University, Santos, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Rauh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Else Kr\u00f6ner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Competence Centre for Nutrition, Freising, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Hauner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Else Kr\u00f6ner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Renault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Odense University Hospital, University of\u2009Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christianne JM","family":"de Groot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda R","family":"Sagedal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sorlandet Hospital Kristiansand, Kristiansand, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingvild","family":"Vistad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sorlandet Hospital Kristiansand, Kristiansand, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Signe Nilssen","family":"Stafne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Clinical Services, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siv","family":"M\u00f8rkved","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Clinical Services, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kjell \u00c5","family":"Salvesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Children\u2019s and Women\u2019s Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorte M","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcia","family":"Vitolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and the Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"Astrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina RW","family":"Geiker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutritional Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Kerry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pelham","family":"Barton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics Unit, School of Health and Population Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics Unit, School of Health and Population Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard D","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arri","family":"Coomarasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben Willem","family":"Mol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid S","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s Health Research Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"},{"name":"Multidisciplinary Evidence Synthesis Hub, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shakila","family":"Thangaratinam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s Health Research Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"},{"name":"Multidisciplinary Evidence Synthesis Hub, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"6221","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"j3119","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j3119","article-title":"Effect of diet and physical activity based interventions in pregnancy on gestational weight gain and pregnancy outcomes: meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials","volume":"358","author":"The International Weight Management in Pregnancy (i-WIP) Collaborative Group","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00685.x","article-title":"Changes in booking body mass index over a decade: retrospective analysis from a Glasgow maternity hospital","volume":"112","author":"Kanagalingam","year":"2005","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib3","volume-title":"Saving Mothers of Lives: Reviewing Maternal Deaths to Make Motherhood Safer","author":"Lewis","year":"2007"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-10-0077","article-title":"Impact of maternal obesity on offspring obesity and cardiometabolic disease risk","volume":"140","author":"Drake","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2006.03.002","article-title":"Effects of gestational weight gain and body mass index on obstetric outcome in Sweden","volume":"93","author":"Cedergren","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2010.02670.x","article-title":"Obesity in pregnancy: a review of reviews on the effectiveness of interventions","volume":"117","author":"Thangaratinam","year":"2010","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"31","key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta16310","article-title":"Interventions to reduce or prevent obesity in pregnant women: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Thangaratinam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a018001","article-title":"Epidemiology of gestational weight gain and body weight changes after pregnancy","volume":"21","author":"Gunderson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib9","volume-title":"Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines","author":"Institute of Medicine (US) and National Research Council (US) Committee","year":"2009"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib10","volume-title":"Weight Management Before, During and After Pregnancy","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence","year":"2010"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib11","first-page":"CD007145","article-title":"Diet or exercise, or both, for preventing excessive weight gain in pregnancy","volume":"6","author":"Muktabhant","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-10-47","article-title":"Lifestyle interventions for overweight and obese pregnant women to improve pregnancy outcome: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Oteng-Ntim","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(01)00414-0","article-title":"A comparison of summary patient-level covariates in meta-regression with individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Lambert","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3165","article-title":"Meta-analysis of continuous outcomes combining individual patient data and aggregate data","volume":"27","author":"Riley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c221","article-title":"Meta-analysis of individual participant data: rationale, conduct, and reporting","volume":"340","author":"Riley","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17790-3","article-title":"Treating individuals 4: can meta-analysis help target interventions at individuals most likely to benefit?","volume":"365","author":"Thompson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-3-131","article-title":"Study protocol: differential effects of diet and physical activity based interventions in pregnancy on maternal and fetal outcomes: individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis and health economic evaluation","volume":"3","author":"Ruifrok","year":"2014","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001855","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001855","article-title":"Individual participant data (ipd) meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials: guidance on their use","volume":"12","author":"Tierney","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS Med"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13764","article-title":"Development of composite outcomes for individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis on the effects of diet and lifestyle in pregnancy: a Delphi survey","volume":"123","author":"Rogozinska","year":"2016","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13766","article-title":"Researchers\u2019 position statement on tackling obesity in pregnancy: the International Weight Management in Pregnancy (i-WIP) collaboration pleads for public health intervention","volume":"123","author":"Dodd","year":"2016","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib21","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Higgins","year":"2011"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d7762","article-title":"Assessment of publication bias, selection bias, and unavailable data in meta-analyses using individual participant data: a database survey","volume":"344","author":"Ahmed","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.4","article-title":"Meta-analysis of a binary outcome using individual participant data and aggregate data","volume":"1","author":"Riley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2088","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e2088","article-title":"Effects of interventions in pregnancy on maternal weight and obstetric outcomes: meta-analysis of randomised evidence","volume":"344","author":"Thangaratinam","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1761","article-title":"What to add to nothing? Use and avoidance of continuity corrections in meta-analysis of sparse data","volume":"23","author":"Sweeting","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-985X.2008.00552.x","article-title":"A re-evaluation of random-effects meta-analysis","volume":"172","author":"Higgins","year":"2009","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser A Stat Soc"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib27","volume-title":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Nursing, personal communication","author":"SeonAe","year":"2013"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318195baef","article-title":"Preventing excessive weight gain during pregnancy through dietary and lifestyle counseling: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"113","author":"Asbee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib29","first-page":"203","article-title":"Pregnancy outcome in obese pregnant mothers","volume":"20","author":"Badrawi","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1177\/105477302237456","article-title":"Computer-assisted self-interview and nutrition education in pregnant teens","volume":"11","author":"Bechtel-Blackwell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Nurs Res"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(02)90225-7","article-title":"In-home prenatal nutrition intervention increased dietary iron intakes and reduced low birthweight in low-income African-American women","volume":"102","author":"Briley","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib32","first-page":"1258","article-title":"The effect of diet on pregnancy outcomes among pregnant with abnormal glucose challenge test","volume":"17","author":"Deveer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2004.12.001","article-title":"The effect of exercise on the intensity of low back pain in pregnant women","volume":"88","author":"Garshasbi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.18597\/rcog.821","article-title":"Diet effects on the perinatal result of obese pregnant patient","volume":"45","author":"Gomez-Tabarez","year":"1994","journal-title":"Rev Colomb de Obstet Ginecol"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2009.06.009","article-title":"A diet and physical activity intervention for preventing weight retention among Taiwanese childbearing women: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"27","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802130","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial to prevent excessive weight gain in pregnant women","volume":"26","author":"Polley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000171113.36624.86","article-title":"Aerobic exercise and submaximal functional capacity in overweight pregnant women: a randomized trial","volume":"106","author":"Santos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib38","first-page":"209","article-title":"The effect of an ergometric training program on pregnants weight gain and low back pain","volume":"166","author":"Sedaghati","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gazz Med Ital Arch Sci Med"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511006118","article-title":"Effect of intensive counselling on the quality of dietary fats in pregnant women at high risk of gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"108","author":"Korpi-Hy\u00f6v\u00e4lti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-9684(15)30942-1","article-title":"Perinatal outcomes in nutritionally monitored obese pregnant women: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"101","author":"Thornton","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2010.01268.x","article-title":"A randomised trial of a four-step multidisciplinary approach to the antenatal care of obese pregnant women","volume":"51","author":"Quinlivan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090009","article-title":"Exercise during pregnancy improves maternal glucose screen at 24-28 weeks: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"46","author":"Barakat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091788","article-title":"Exercise during pregnancy and gestational diabetes-related adverse effects: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"47","author":"Barakat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.107096","article-title":"Beginning regular exercise in early pregnancy: effect on fetoplacental growth","volume":"183","author":"Clapp","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib45","first-page":"28","article-title":"Exercise in pregnancy","volume":"6","author":"Lee","year":"1996","journal-title":"Modern Midwife"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0137742","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137742","article-title":"A 12-week exercise program for pregnant women with obesity to improve physical activity levels: an open randomised preliminary study","volume":"10","author":"Bisson","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000547","article-title":"Exercise Is associated with a reduction in gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"47","author":"Cordero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31825de592","article-title":"Effect of a physical exercise program during pregnancy on uteroplacental and fetal blood flow and fetal growth: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"120","author":"de Oliveria Melo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12300","article-title":"Exercise in pregnancy does not alter gestational weight gain, MCP-1 or leptin in obese women","volume":"55","author":"Dekker Nitert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-013-3054-y","article-title":"The role of a personalized dietary intervention in managing gestational weight gain: a prospective, controlled study in a low-risk antenatal population","volume":"289","author":"Di Carlo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12601","article-title":"A pregnancy lifestyle intervention to prevent gestational diabetes risk factors in overweight Hispanic women: a feasibility randomized controlled trial","volume":"32","author":"Hawkins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-331","article-title":"Effects of lifestyle intervention on dietary intake, physical activity level, and gestational weight gain in pregnant women with different pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index in a randomized control trial","volume":"14","author":"Hui","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2014.11.014","article-title":"The effect of a personalized intervention on weight gain and physical activity among pregnant women in China","volume":"129","author":"Jing","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000141","article-title":"A pilot walking program promotes moderate-intensity physical activity during pregnancy","volume":"46","author":"Kong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib55","first-page":"1722","article-title":"Effects of walking exercise during late trimester on pregnancy outcome of low-risk primipara","volume":"94","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.10.402","article-title":"Impact of nutrition education on gestational weight gain in obese pregnant women","volume":"210","author":"Mujsindi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib57","first-page":"802","article-title":"The impact of exercise during pregnancy on neonatal outcomes: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"54","author":"Murtezani","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318267ad67","article-title":"Exercise in pregnancy: effect on fitness and obstetric outcomes-a randomized trial","volume":"44","author":"Price","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2011.01582.x","article-title":"Influence of regular aerobic exercise on endothelium-dependent vasodilation and cardiorespiratory fitness in pregnant women","volume":"37","author":"Ram\u00edrez-V\u00e9lez","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib60","first-page":"984","article-title":"Effect of recommended physical activity dose on obstetrical, neonatal and maternal metabolic outcomes in pregnant Latina women","volume":"63","author":"Ram\u00edrez-V\u00e9lez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13131","article-title":"Intervention during pregnancy to reduce excessive gestational weight gain \u2013 a randomised controlled trial","volume":"122","author":"Ronnberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001036","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001036","article-title":"Primary prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus and large-for-gestational-age newborns by lifestyle counseling: a cluster-randomized controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Luoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLOS Med"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-13-151","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of a lifestyle intervention for pregnant women to prevent excessive maternal weight gain: a cluster-randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Rauh","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2012.162","article-title":"Effects of lifestyle intervention in obese pregnant women on gestational weight gain and mental health: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"37","author":"Bogaerts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib65","first-page":"1176","article-title":"Does physical activity and diet control reduce the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus in Egypt? A randomized controlled trial","volume":"41","author":"El Beltagy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28166","article-title":"Effect of lifestyle intervention on dietary habits, physical activity, and gestational weight gain in obese pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"91","author":"Guelinckx","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2009.04.008","article-title":"Supervised home-based exercise may attenuate the decline of glucose tolerance in obese pregnant women","volume":"35","author":"Ong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00227-2","article-title":"Effect of a behavioural intervention in obese pregnant women (the UPBEAT study): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial","volume":"3","author":"Poston","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.09.029","article-title":"The Treatment of Obese Pregnant Women (TOP) study: a randomized controlled trial of the effect of physical activity intervention assessed by pedometer with or without dietary intervention in obese pregnant women","volume":"210","author":"Renault","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2502","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1150","article-title":"The LiP (Lifestyle in Pregnancy) study: a randomized controlled trial of lifestyle intervention in 360 obese pregnant women","volume":"34","author":"Vinter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803710","article-title":"A randomized trial of the effects of dietary counseling on gestational weight gain and glucose metabolism in obese pregnant women","volume":"32","author":"Wolff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"g1285","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1285","article-title":"Antenatal lifestyle advice for women who are overweight or obese: LIMIT randomised trial","volume":"348","author":"Dodd","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20163","article-title":"Optimizing healthy gestational weight gain in women at high risk of gestational diabetes: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Harrison","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2013.858318","article-title":"Gestational weight gain in overweight and obese women enrolled in a healthy lifestyle and eating habits program","volume":"27","author":"Petrella","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2012.03366.x","article-title":"No effect of the FitFor2 exercise programme on blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, and birthweight in pregnant women who were overweight and at risk for gestational diabetes: results of a randomised controlled trial","volume":"119","author":"Oostdam","year":"2012","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.05.016","article-title":"Effect of a cholesterol-lowering diet on maternal, cord, and neonatal lipids, and pregnancy outcome: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"193","author":"Khoury","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib77","first-page":"13","article-title":"Impact of a dietary counseling program on the gain weight speed of pregnant women attended in a primary care service","volume":"33","author":"V\u00edtolo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5605","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e5605","article-title":"Low glycaemic index diet in pregnancy to prevent macrosomia (ROLO study): randomised control trial","volume":"345","author":"Walsh","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-5-10","article-title":"Water aerobics in pregnancy: cardiovascular response, labor and neonatal outcomes","volume":"5","author":"Baciuk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2008.047837","article-title":"Does exercise training during pregnancy affect gestational age? A randomised controlled trial","volume":"42","author":"Barakat","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.01.043","article-title":"Exercise during pregnancy improves maternal health perception: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"204","author":"Barakat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.3109\/13625187.2011.560307","article-title":"Effect of regular exercise on prevention of excessive weight gain in pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Haakstad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib83","first-page":"78","article-title":"Effect of an aerobic exercise program on fetal growth in pregnant women","volume":"16","author":"Khaledan","year":"2010","journal-title":"HAYAT"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03084.x","article-title":"The effect of an antenatal physical exercise programme on maternal\/perinatal outcomes and quality of life in overweight and obese pregnant women: a randomised clinical trial","volume":"118","author":"Nascimento","year":"2011","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1177\/0163278714533566","article-title":"Exercise during pregnancy attenuates prenatal depression: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"38","author":"Perales","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eval Health Prof"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib86","first-page":"53","article-title":"Maternal and perinatal effects of hydrotherapy in pregnancy","volume":"25","author":"Prevedel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2013.07.020","article-title":"Supervised exercise-based intervention to prevent excessive gestational weight gain: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"88","author":"Ruiz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2012.03426.x","article-title":"Does regular exercise including pelvic floor muscle training prevent urinary and anal incontinence during pregnancy? A randomised controlled trial","volume":"119","author":"Stafne","year":"2012","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib89","first-page":"293","article-title":"Effect of exercise on blood pressure in pregnant women with a high risk of gestational hypertensive disorders","volume":"45","author":"Yeo","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12014","article-title":"The effect of a counselling intervention on weight changes during and after pregnancy: a randomised trial","volume":"120","author":"Althuizen","year":"2013","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03184.x","article-title":"Lifestyle intervention on diet and exercise reduced excessive gestational weight gain in pregnant women under a randomised controlled trial","volume":"119","author":"Hui","year":"2012","journal-title":"BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02877.x","article-title":"Reducing excessive weight gain in pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"191","author":"Jeffries","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.005306","article-title":"Randomized trial of a behavioral intervention to prevent excessive gestational weight gain: the Fit for Delivery Study","volume":"93","author":"Phelan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-132","article-title":"Study protocol: fit for delivery - can a lifestyle intervention in pregnancy result in measurable health benefits for mothers and newborns? A randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Sagedal","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib95","volume-title":"Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes","author":"Drummond","year":"2015"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib96","volume-title":"Unit Costs of Health and Social Care 2014","author":"Curtis","year":"2014"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib97","volume-title":"National Schedule of Reference Costs: The Main Schedule","author":"Department of Health","year":"2014"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198526629.001.0001","volume-title":"Decision Modelling for Health Economic Evaluation","author":"Briggs","year":"2006"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib99","volume-title":"Diabetes in Pregnancy: Management of Diabetes and its Complications from Preconception to the Postnatal Period","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence","year":"2015"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib100","volume-title":"Hypertension in Pregnancy (Modified Version)","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence","year":"2011"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib101","volume-title":"Weight Management in Pregnancy: Economic Modelling","author":"Madan","year":"2012"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3310\/hta12060","article-title":"Methods of prediction and prevention of pre-eclampsia: systematic reviews of accuracy and effectiveness literature with economic modelling","volume":"12","author":"Meads","year":"2008","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib103","volume-title":"Diabetes in Pregnancy: Management of Diabetes and its Complications from Preconception to the Postnatal Period: NICE Guideline 3 \u2013 Methods, Evidence and Recommendations","author":"National Collaborating Centre for Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health","year":"2015"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib104","volume-title":"Hypertension in Pregnancy: the Management of Hypertensive Disorders during Pregnancy","author":"National Collaborating Centre for Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health","year":"2010"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1881-y","article-title":"Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus: cost-utility of different screening strategies based on a woman\u2019s individual risk of disease","volume":"54","author":"Round","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib106","volume-title":"Antenatal Care Overview and Pathways","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib107","volume-title":"Antenatal Care","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence","year":"2008"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.6295","article-title":"Maternal obesity and risk of preterm delivery","volume":"309","author":"Cnattingius","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib109","volume-title":"Green-Top Guideline No. 55. Late Intrauterine Fetal Death and Stillbirth","author":"Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists","year":"2010"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-13-236","article-title":"A structured review and exploration of the healthcare costs associated with stillbirth and a subsequent pregnancy in England and Wales","volume":"13","author":"Mistry","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.09.016","article-title":"Second-trimester loss and subsequent pregnancy outcomes: what is the real risk?","volume":"197","author":"Edlow","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X12454941","article-title":"Conceptualizing a model a report of the ISPOR-SMDM modeling good research practices task force \u2013 2","volume":"32","author":"Roberts","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Decis Mak"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13957","article-title":"An economic analysis of immediate delivery and expectant monitoring in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, between 34 and 37 weeks of gestation (HYPITAT-II)","volume":"124","author":"van Baaren","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib114","volume-title":"Hypertension in Pregnancy Pathway","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence","year":"2015"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.2871","article-title":"Economic assessment of screening for pre-eclampsia","volume":"32","author":"Shmueli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00785.x","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of prophylactic magnesium sulphate for 9996 women with pre-eclampsia from 33 countries: economic evaluation of the Magpie Trial","volume":"113","author":"Simon","year":"2006","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2010.02710.x","article-title":"An economic analysis of induction of labour and expectant monitoring in women with gestational hypertension or pre-eclampsia at term (HYPITAT trial)","volume":"117","author":"Vijgen","year":"2010","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08778-0","article-title":"Do women with pre-eclampsia, and their babies, benefit from magnesium sulphate? The Magpie trial: a randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"359","author":"The Magpie Trial Collaborative Group M","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib119","volume-title":"HRG4+ 2013\/14 Reference Costs Grouper HRG4+ Chapter Summaries","author":"Health and Social Care Information Centre","year":"2014"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-12-71","article-title":"Health care costs associated with gestational diabetes mellitus among high-risk women \u2013 results from a randomised trial","volume":"12","author":"Kolu","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60736-4","article-title":"Induction of labour versus expectant monitoring for gestational hypertension or mild pre-eclampsia after 36 weeks\u2019 gestation (HYPITAT): a multicentre, open-label randomised controlled trial","volume":"374","author":"Koopmans","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1053\/beog.2000.0123","article-title":"Epidemiology and the medical causes of miscarriage","volume":"14","author":"Regan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib123","volume-title":"Saving Lives, Improving Mothers\u2019 Care: Lessons Learned to Inform Future Maternity Care from the UK and Ireland Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths and Morbidity 2009\u20132012","author":"Knight","year":"2014"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib124","volume-title":"UKForex \u2013 Foreign Exchange Services","author":"UKForex"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-31802012000100004","article-title":"Cost-benefit of hospitalization compared with outpatient care for pregnant women with pregestational and gestational diabetes or with mild hyperglycemia, in Brazil","volume":"130","author":"Cavassini","year":"2012","journal-title":"S\u00e3o Paulo Med J"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.3390\/nu4111759","article-title":"Does a low glycaemic index (GI) diet cost more during pregnancy?","volume":"4","author":"Cleary","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2011.02.004","article-title":"Total cost comparison of standard antenatal care with a weight gain restriction programme for obese pregnant women","volume":"125","author":"de Keyser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s40608-015-0046-4","article-title":"The cost-effectiveness of providing antenatal lifestyle advice for women who are overweight or obese: the LIMIT randomised trial","volume":"2","author":"Dodd","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Obes"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e56392","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056392","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of lifestyle counselling as primary prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus: findings from a cluster-randomised trial","volume":"8","author":"Kolu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-7-27","article-title":"Costs and consequences of treatment for mild gestational diabetes mellitus \u2013 evaluation from the ACHOIS randomised trial","volume":"7","author":"Moss","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.06.051","article-title":"Treating mild gestational diabetes mellitus: a cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"205","author":"Ohno","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-12-64","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of an exercise program during pregnancy to prevent gestational diabetes: results of an economic evaluation alongside a randomised controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Oostdam","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-007-0255-5","article-title":"A pharmacoeconomical model for choice of a treatment for pregnant women with gestational diabetes","volume":"44","author":"Todorova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2012.04.014","article-title":"Model parameter estimation and uncertainty: a report of the ISPOR-SMDM Modeling Good Research Practices Task Force \u2013 6","volume":"15","author":"Briggs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.985","article-title":"Probabilistic sensitivity analysis for NICE technology assessment: not an optional extra","volume":"14","author":"Claxton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Health Econ"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1050(199611)5:6<513::AID-HEC237>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"An economic approach to clinical trial design and research priority-setting","volume":"5","author":"Claxton","year":"1996","journal-title":"Health Econ"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib137","volume-title":"Statistical Methods in Medical Research","author":"Armitage","year":"2008"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.2307\/2529046","article-title":"Estimation of relative risk from individually matched series","volume":"26","author":"Miettinen","year":"1970","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib139","volume-title":"Healthy People: A Call to Action on Obesity in England","author":"Department of Health","year":"2011"},{"issue":"33","key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3310\/hta5330","article-title":"Subgroup analyses in randomised controlled trials: quantifying the risks of false-positives and false-negatives","volume":"5","author":"Brookes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib141","author":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists","year":"2015","journal-title":"Good Health Before Pregnancy: Preconception Care"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib142","volume-title":"CMASE\/RCOG Joint Guideline. Management of Women with Obesity in Pregnancy","author":"Centre for Maternal and Child Enquiries\/Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists","year":"2010"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib143","volume-title":"Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2009"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0701-2","article-title":"Lifestyle intervention to prevent excessive maternal weight gain: mother and infant follow-up at 12 months postpartum","volume":"15","author":"Rauh","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-2336","article-title":"Prevention of gestational diabetes","volume":"33","author":"Callaway","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2255","article-title":"Exercise training in pregnancy reduces offspring size without changes in maternal insulin sensitivity","volume":"95","author":"Hopkins","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2010.05.019","article-title":"Improving diet and exercise in pregnancy with Video Doctor counseling: a randomized trial","volume":"83","author":"Jackson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200001000-00010","article-title":"Physical and psychological changes with vigorous exercise in sedentary primigravidae","volume":"32","author":"Marquez-Sterling","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20831","article-title":"Efficacy of a group-based dietary intervention for limiting gestational weight gain among obese women: a randomized trial","volume":"22","author":"Vesco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2007.09.010","article-title":"Transtheoretical model-based multiple behavior intervention for weight management: effectiveness on a population basis","volume":"46","author":"Johnson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib151","volume-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"2006"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib152","volume-title":"Prenatal Nutrition Guidelines for Health Professionals \u2013 Background on Canada\u2019s Food Guide","author":"Health Canada","year":"2009"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13862","article-title":"Lifestyle intervention to limit gestational weight gain: the Norwegian Fit for Delivery randomised controlled trial","volume":"124","author":"Sagedal","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2012.696165","article-title":"Exercise during pregnancy reduces the rate of cesarean and instrumental deliveries: results of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"25","author":"Barakat","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Matern Neonatal Med"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-015-1698-x","article-title":"Feasibility and initial efficacy evaluation of a community-based cognitive-behavioral lifestyle intervention to prevent excessive weight gain during pregnancy in Latina women","volume":"19","author":"Gesell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"key2017080911030328_ref1-bib156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.4278\/ajhp.140221-QUAN-79","article-title":"Regular exercise throughout pregnancy is associated with a shorter first stage of labor","volume":"30","author":"Perales","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Heart Promot"}],"container-title":["Health Technology Assessment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk\/publications\/hta21410\/hta21410.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/njl-admin.nihr.ac.uk\/document\/download\/2002725","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk\/publications\/hta21410\/hta21410.xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/njl-admin.nihr.ac.uk\/document\/download\/2010794","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T04:07:26Z","timestamp":1719374846000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk\/hta\/hta21410"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"references-count":156,"journal-issue":{"issue":"41","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3310\/hta21410"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3310\/hta21410","relation":{},"ISSN":["1366-5278","2046-4924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1366-5278","type":"print"},{"value":"2046-4924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"This content has been made freely available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}