{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T03:16:13Z","timestamp":1790392573217,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":207,"publisher":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","issue":"26","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]],"date-time":"2018-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525132800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/doc\/non-commercial-government-licence\/non-commercial-government-licence.htm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000664","name":"Health Technology Assessment programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10\/102\/03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10\/102\/03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000664","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Health Technol Assess"],"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>Obesity and type 2 diabetes are common in adults with a learning disability. It is not known if the principles of self-management can be applied in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objectives<\/jats:title>To develop and evaluate a case-finding method and undertake an observational study of adults with a learning disability and type 2 diabetes, to develop a standardised supported self-management (SSM) intervention and measure of adherence and to undertake a feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) of SSM versus treatment as usual (TAU).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design<\/jats:title>Observational study and an individually randomised feasibility RCT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Setting<\/jats:title>Three cities in West Yorkshire, UK.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Participants<\/jats:title>In the observational study: adults aged >\u200918 years with a mild or moderate learning disability, who have type 2 diabetes that is not being treated with insulin and who are living in the community. Participants had mental capacity to consent to research and to the intervention. In the RCT participants had glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c<\/jats:sub>) levels of >\u20096.5% (48\u2009mmol\/mol), a body mass index (BMI) of >\u200925\u2009kg\/m2<\/jats:sup>or self-reported physical activity below national guideline levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Interventions<\/jats:title>Standardised SSM. TAU supported by an easy-read booklet.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>(1) The number of eligible participants identified and sources of referral; (2) current living and support arrangements; (3) current health state, including level of HbA1c<\/jats:sub>, BMI and waist circumference, blood pressure and lipids; (4) mood, preferences for change; (5) recruitment and retention in RCT; (6) implementation and adherence to the intervention; (7) completeness of data collection and values for candidate primary outcomes; and (8) qualitative data on participant experience of the research process and intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>In the observational study we identified 147 eligible consenting participants. The mean age was 54.4 years. In total, 130 out of 147 (88%) named a key supporter, with 113 supporters (77%) being involved in diabetes management. The mean HbA1c<\/jats:sub>level was 54.5\u2009mmol\/mol [standard deviation (SD) 14.8\u2009mmol\/mol; 7.1%, SD 1.4%]. The BMI of 65% of participants was >\u200930\u2009kg\/m2<\/jats:sup>and of 21% was >\u200940\u2009kg\/m2<\/jats:sup>. Many participants reported low mood, dissatisfaction with lifestyle and diabetes management and an interest in change. Non-response rates were high (45\/147, 31%) for medical data requested from the primary care team. In the RCT, 82 participants were randomised. The mean baseline HbA1c<\/jats:sub>level was 56\u2009mmol\/mol (SD 16.5\u2009mmol\/mol; 7.3%, SD 1.5%) and the mean BMI was 34\u2009kg\/m2<\/jats:sup>(SD 7.6\u2009kg\/m2<\/jats:sup>). All SSM sessions were completed by 35 out of 41 participants. The adherence measure was obtained in 37 out of 41 participants. The follow-up HbA1c<\/jats:sub>level and BMI was obtained for 75 out of 82 (91%) and 77 out of 82 (94%) participants, respectively. Most participants reported a positive experience of the intervention. A low response rate and difficulty understanding the EuroQol-5 Dimensions were challenges in obtaining data for an economic analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Limitations<\/jats:title>We recruited from only 60% of eligible general practices, and 90% of participants were on a general practice learning disability register, which meant that we did not recruit many participants from the wider population with milder learning disability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>A definitive RCT is feasible and would need to recruit 194 participants per arm. The main barrier is the resource-intensive nature of recruitment. Future research is needed into the effectiveness of obesity treatments in this population, particularly estimating the longer-term outcomes that are important for health benefit. Research is also needed into improving ways of assessing quality of life in adults with a learning disability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Trial registration<\/jats:title>Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN41897033.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Funding<\/jats:title>This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full inHealth Technology Assessment<\/jats:italic>; Vol. 22, No. 26. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3310\/hta22260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,30]],"date-time":"2018-05-30T11:05:40Z","timestamp":1527678340000},"page":"1-328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3310\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Managing with Learning Disability and Diabetes: OK-Diabetes \u2013 a case-finding study and feasibility randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.3310","volume":"22","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"isrctn41897033","registry":"10.18810\/isrctn","type":"results"}],"author":[{"given":"Allan","family":"House","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Bryant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy M","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Wright-Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liz","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Walwyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy M","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Hulme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John L","family":"O\u2019Dwyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Latchford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaista","family":"Meer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline C","family":"Birtwistle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Stansfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Partnerships NHS Foundation Trust, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramzi","family":"Ajjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Farrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"6221","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2008.080382","article-title":"Trends in the prevalence and incidence of diabetes in the UK: 1996-2005","volume":"63","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib2","first-page":"64","article-title":"Health problems of people with intellectual disabilities: the impact for general practice","volume":"57","author":"Straetmans","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib3","volume-title":"Health Inequalities and People with Learning Disabilities in the UK: 2010","author":"Emerson","year":"2010"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12494","article-title":"Diabetes in people with an intellectual disability: a systematic review of prevalence, incidence and impact","volume":"31","author":"McVilly","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.003","article-title":"Diabetes in people with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"47","author":"MacRae","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1352\/1934-9556-49.3.155","article-title":"Health status and health risks of the \u2018hidden majority\u2019 of adults with intellectual disability","volume":"49","author":"Emerson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intellect Dev Disabil"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib7","volume-title":"Using Local Data to Monitor the Health Needs of People with Learning Disabilities","author":"Glover","year":"2012"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12573","article-title":"Disparities in diabetes prevalence and preventable hospitalizations in people with intellectual and developmental disability: a population-based study","volume":"32","author":"Balogh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12100","article-title":"Obesity and associated factors in adults with intellectual disability","volume":"58","author":"Hsieh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Intellect Disabil Res"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2006.00296.x","article-title":"The prevalence and determinants of obesity in adults with intellectual disabilities","volume":"8","author":"Melville","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2012.01633.x","article-title":"Management and quality indicators of diabetes mellitus in people with intellectual disabilities","volume":"57","author":"Taggart","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Intellect Disabil Res"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00014.x","article-title":"Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care","volume":"10","author":"De Hert","year":"2011","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib13","volume-title":"Confidential Inquiry into Premature Deaths of People with Learning Disabilities (CIPOLD)","author":"Heslop","year":"2007"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib14","volume-title":"Confidential Inquiry into Premature Deaths of People with Learning Disabilities (CIPOLD)","author":"Heslop","year":"2013"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib15","volume-title":"People with Learning Disabilities in England: 2012","author":"Emerson","year":"2013"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib16","volume-title":"QOF 201516 Results","author":"NHS Digital","year":"2016"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib17","volume-title":"Health Checks for People with Learning Disabilities: Implications and Actions for Commissioners","author":"Turner","year":"2010"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib18","volume-title":"Enhanced Services","author":"NHS England","year":"2009"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib19","volume-title":"Impact of the English Directly Enhanced Service (DES) for Learning Disability","author":"Chauhan","year":"2012"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1108\/13595471211240988","article-title":"The \u2018transition cliff\u2019 in the administrative prevalence of learning disabilities in England","volume":"17","author":"Emerson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tizard Learning Disability Review"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib21","volume-title":"Death by Indifference: 74 Deaths and Counting. A Progress Report 5 Years On","author":"MENCAP","year":"2012"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib22","volume-title":"National General Practice Profiles","author":"Public Health England","year":"2015"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17277-2","article-title":"Self-management interventions for chronic illness","volume":"364","author":"Newman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1002\/edn.160","article-title":"Self-management interventions for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Heinrich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Diab Nursing"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2011.05860.x","article-title":"The efficacy of tailored interventions for self-management outcomes of type 2 diabetes, hypertension or heart disease: a systematic review","volume":"68","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib26","volume-title":"Behaviour Change: General Approaches","author":"NICE","year":"2007"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.1016","article-title":"Living circumstances of children and adults with mental retardation or developmental disabilities in the United States, Canada, England and Wales, and Australia","volume":"7","author":"Braddock","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3148.2006.00263.x","article-title":"The social networks of people with intellectual disability living in the community 12 years after resettlement from long-stay hospitals","volume":"19","author":"Forrester-Jones","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Appl Res Intellect Disabil"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2011.11.010","article-title":"Attitudes and dilemmas of caregivers supporting people with intellectual disabilities who have diabetes","volume":"87","author":"Cardol","year":"2012","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-1130.2011.00314.x","article-title":"Self-management abilities of diabetes in people with an intellectual disability living in New Zealand","volume":"8","author":"Hale","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Policy Pract Intellect Disabil"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/1074840712471899","article-title":"Interrelation between adult persons with diabetes and their family a systematic review of the literature","volume":"19","author":"Rintala","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Fam Nurs"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2013.08.016","article-title":"Social support and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of observational studies","volume":"93","author":"Stopford","year":"2013","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1177\/014572179802400504","article-title":"The family and type 2 diabetes: a framework for intervention","volume":"24","author":"Fisher","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes Educ"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib34","volume-title":"Principles of Consent","author":"NHS Health Research Authority"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib35","volume-title":"Valuing People: A New Strategy for Learning Disability for the 21st Century","author":"Department of Health","year":"2001"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib36","volume-title":"Mental Capacity Act 2005","author":"Great Britain","year":"2005"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib37","volume-title":"Seeking Consent: Working with People with Learning Disabilities","author":"Department of Health","year":"2001"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib38","volume-title":"Research Governance Framework for Health and Social Care","author":"Department of Health","year":"2005","edition":"Second Edition"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1108\/17530180200900008","article-title":"Randomised controlled trials in learning disabilities: a review of participant experiences","volume":"3","author":"Robotham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Advances in Mental Health and Learning Disabilities"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/13668250600876392","article-title":"Ethical challenges and complexities of including people with intellectual disability as participants in research","volume":"31","author":"Iacono","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Intellect Dev Disabil"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3148.2003.00141.x","article-title":"Issues of informed consent in conducting medical research involving people with intellectual disability","volume":"16","author":"Iacono","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Appl Res Intellect Disabil"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005146","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005146","article-title":"Incentivised case finding for depression in patients with chronic heart disease and diabetes in primary care: an ethnographic study","volume":"4","author":"Alderson","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib43","volume-title":"Mental Capacity Act. Code of Practice","author":"Great Britain","year":"2005"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-1130.2012.00348.x","article-title":"\u2018There is no black or white\u2019: scientific community views on ethics in intellectual and developmental disability research","volume":"9","author":"McDonald","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Policy Pract Intellect Disabil"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1177\/014572170403000512","article-title":"Validation of a short dietary assessment questionnaire: the Rapid Eating and Activity Assessment for Participants short version (REAP-S)","volume":"30","author":"Segal-Isaacson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Educ"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2010.04.023","article-title":"Characteristics of instruments screening for depression in adults with intellectual disabilities: systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Hermans","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.182.4.347","article-title":"Development and psychometric properties of the Glasgow Depression Scale for people with a learning disability. Individual and carer supplement versions","volume":"182","author":"Cuthill","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib48","volume-title":"Type 2 Diabetes: Prevention in People at High Risk","author":"NICE","year":"2012"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39554.624086.AD","article-title":"Guidelines: risk assessment and lipid modification for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: summary of NICE guidance","volume":"336","author":"Cooper","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d4891","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d4891","article-title":"Management of hypertension: summary of NICE guidance","volume":"343","author":"Krause","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib51","volume-title":"Type 2 Diabetes in Adults: Management","author":"NICE","year":"2015"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib52","volume-title":"Improving Supported Self-Management for People with Diabetes","author":"Diabetes UK","year":"2009"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a1655","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a1655","article-title":"Developing and evaluating complex interventions: the new Medical Research Council guidance","volume":"337","author":"Craig","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib54","first-page":"CD003417","article-title":"Group based training for self-management strategies in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"2","author":"Deakin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib55","first-page":"CD005268","article-title":"Individual patient education for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"1","author":"Duke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-S097","article-title":"National standards for diabetes self-management education","volume":"31","author":"Funnell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib57","volume-title":"National Diabetes Audit \u2013 2013\u20132014 and 2014\u20132015: Report 1, Care Processes and Treatment Targets","author":"NHS Digital","year":"2016"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2015.11.003","article-title":"Diabetes self-management education for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of the effect on glycemic control","volume":"99","author":"Chrvala","year":"2016","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2008.04.004","article-title":"Diabetes self-management education: a review of published studies","volume":"2","author":"Clark","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prim Care Diabetes"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2013.03.007","article-title":"A systematic literature review of diabetes self-management education features to improve diabetes education in women of Black African\/Caribbean and Hispanic\/Latin American ethnicity","volume":"92","author":"Gucciardi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16202-8","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of psychological interventions to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"363","author":"Ismail","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2009.01098.x","article-title":"How can structured self-management patient education improve outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes?","volume":"12","author":"Jarvis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.7.1159","article-title":"Self-management education for adults with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of the effect on glycemic control","volume":"25","author":"Norris","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/2251-6581-12-14","article-title":"Role of self-care in management of diabetes mellitus","volume":"12","author":"Shrivastava","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Diabetes Metab Disord"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-12-213","article-title":"Group based diabetes self-management education compared to routine treatment for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Steinsbekk","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7367.746","article-title":"Training in flexible, intensive insulin management to enable dietary freedom in people with type 1 diabetes: dose adjustment for normal eating (DAFNE) randomised controlled trial","volume":"325","author":"DAFNE Study Group","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2006.01906.x","article-title":"Structured patient education: the diabetes X-PERT Programme makes a difference","volume":"23","author":"Deakin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.19.8.835","article-title":"Effects of a brief office-based intervention to facilitate diabetes dietary self-management","volume":"19","author":"Glasgow","year":"1996","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3109\/02813432.2013.797178","article-title":"No identifiable Hb1Ac or lifestyle change after a comprehensive diabetes programme including motivational interviewing: a cluster randomised trial","volume":"31","author":"Jansink","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scand J Prim Health Care"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e2333","article-title":"Effectiveness of a diabetes education and self management programme (DESMOND) for people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: three year follow-up of a cluster randomised controlled trial in primary care","volume":"344","author":"Khunti","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721708325886","article-title":"Healthy Changes for living with diabetes: an evidence-based community diabetes self-management program","volume":"34","author":"Klug","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Educ"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3233\/TAD-2009-0272","article-title":"Diabetes, to the point: designing a website about diabetes for adults with intellectual disability and carers","volume":"21","author":"Lennox","year":"2009","journal-title":"Technol Disabil"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib73","first-page":"77","article-title":"The development and evaluation of resources about diabetes management for people with intellectual disability and their care providers","volume":"15","author":"Lennox","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Dev Disabil"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-1043","article-title":"Effectiveness of using group visit model to support diabetes patient self-management in rural communities of Shanghai: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199901000-00003","article-title":"Evidence suggesting that a chronic disease self-management program can improve health status while reducing hospitalization: a randomized trial","volume":"37","author":"Lorig","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.03.005","article-title":"Self-management education and support in chronic disease management","volume":"39","author":"McGowan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prim Care"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2012.0137","article-title":"A randomized comparison of online- and telephone-based care management with internet training alone in adult patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes","volume":"14","author":"McMahon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2011.04.027","article-title":"Diabetes Medication Assistance Service: the pharmacist\u2019s role in supporting patient self-management of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Australia","volume":"83","author":"Mitchell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyr053","article-title":"The effects and costs of a group-based education programme for self-management of patients with type 2 diabetes. A community-based study","volume":"27","author":"Molsted","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Educ Res"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S28505","article-title":"Improvement of HbA(1c) and stable weight loss 2 years after an outpatient treatment and teaching program for patients with type 2 diabetes without insulin therapy based on urine glucose self-monitoring","volume":"5","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.70","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of goal setting in diabetes mellitus group clinics: randomized clinical trial","volume":"171","author":"Naik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2007.05.004","article-title":"Intensive management program to improve glycosylated hemoglobin levels and adherence to diet in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"22","author":"Song","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl Nurs Res"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1080\/08870440701864504","article-title":"Beyond good intentions: the role of proactive coping in achieving sustained behavioural change in the context of diabetes management","volume":"24","author":"Thoolen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol Health"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.3.670","article-title":"A 5-year randomized controlled study of learning, problem solving ability, and quality of life modifications in people with type 2 diabetes managed by group care","volume":"27","author":"Trento","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e390","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2012.03629.x","article-title":"Effectiveness of peer-led self-management coaching for patients recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus in primary care: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"van der Wulp","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-21002007000300016","article-title":"Progress of the patients with diabetes mellitus who were managed with the staged diabetes management framework","volume":"20","author":"Zanetti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Paul Enferm"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib87","first-page":"393","article-title":"Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin","volume":"2002","author":"Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group","year":"2002","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-9-57","article-title":"Maximising engagement, motivation and long term change in a structured intensive education programme in diabetes for children, young people and their families: child and adolescent structured competencies approach to diabetes education (CASCADE)","volume":"9","author":"Christie","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-11-91","article-title":"Structured self-management education maintained over two years in insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes patients: the ERMIES randomised trial in Reunion Island","volume":"11","author":"Debussche","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-11-56","article-title":"Let\u2019s prevent diabetes: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial of an educational intervention in a multi-ethnic UK population with screen detected impaired glucose regulation","volume":"11","author":"Gray","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-455","article-title":"Healthy eating and active living for diabetes in primary care networks (HEALD-PCN): rationale, design, and evaluation of a pragmatic controlled trial for adults with type 2 diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-14-180","article-title":"Exercise to preserve beta cell function in recent-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (EXTOD): a study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Lascar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-10-71","article-title":"Evaluation of lifestyle interventions to treat elevated cardiometabolic risk in primary care (E-LITE): a randomized controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Ma","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-015-1246-9","article-title":"HeLP-Diabetes: randomised controlled trial protocol","volume":"15","author":"Murray","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0120277","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120277","article-title":"Impact of community based peer support in type 2 diabetes: a cluster randomised controlled trial of individual and\/or group approaches","volume":"10","author":"Simmons","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2006.06.007","article-title":"Economic rationality and health and lifestyle choices for people with diabetes","volume":"63","author":"Baker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.4","article-title":"Descriptions of barriers to self-care by persons with comorbid chronic diseases","volume":"1","author":"Bayliss","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198107299787","article-title":"Spousal support and food-related behavior change in middle-aged and older adults living with type 2 diabetes","volume":"35","author":"Beverly","year":"2008","journal-title":"Health Educ Behav"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2011.01472.x","article-title":"People with mild to moderate intellectual disability talking about their diabetes and how they manage","volume":"56","author":"Cardol","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Intellect Disabil Res"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1177\/1744629514563423","article-title":"Food choice by people with intellectual disabilities at day centres: a qualitative study","volume":"19","author":"Cartwright","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Intellect Disabil"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.3109\/13668250.2012.703645","article-title":"Healthy lifestyles for adults with intellectual disability: knowledge, barriers, and facilitators","volume":"37","author":"Caton","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Intellect Dev Disabil"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721710385579","article-title":"Facilitators and barriers to self-management of type 2 diabetes among urban African American adults focus group findings","volume":"36","author":"Chlebowy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Educ"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e3282ab9963","article-title":"Psychosocial interventions for people with intellectual disabilities and mental ill-health","volume":"20","author":"Dagnan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib104","first-page":"A009","article-title":"Abstract 009: microclinic social network lifestyle intervention for weight loss and obesity management: a 10-month randomized controlled trial","volume":"127","author":"Ding","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3148.2011.00641.x","article-title":"How do people with intellectual disabilities and diabetes experience and perceive their illness?","volume":"25","author":"Dysch","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Appl Res Intellect Disabil"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.22","article-title":"Impact of provider continuity on quality of care for persons with diabetes mellitus","volume":"1","author":"Gill","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2005.08.037","article-title":"Using RE-AIM metrics to evaluate diabetes self-management support interventions","volume":"30","author":"Glasgow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.2337\/diaspect.14.1.33","article-title":"Psychosocial barriers to diabetes self-management and quality of life","volume":"14","author":"Glasgow","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes Spectrum"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2011.583649","article-title":"Getting one\u2019s thoughts straight: a dialogical analysis of women\u2019s accounts of poorly controlled type 2 diabetes","volume":"27","author":"Gomersall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Health"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02628.x","article-title":"The importance of health belief models in determining self-care behaviour in diabetes","volume":"26","author":"Harvey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3156.2005.00381.x","article-title":"Levels of engagement and barriers to physical activity in a population of adults with learning disabilities","volume":"34","author":"Hawkins","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Learn Disabil"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2571","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12865","article-title":"British-Pakistani women\u2019s perspectives of diabetes self-management: the role of identity","volume":"24","author":"Majeed-Ariss","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2006.03799.x","article-title":"Perceived barriers and effective strategies to diabetes self-management","volume":"54","author":"Nagelkerk","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2011.02.002","article-title":"Barriers to diabetes management: patient and provider factors","volume":"93","author":"Nam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000277829.28043.93","article-title":"Literacy and diabetes self-management","volume":"107","author":"Nath","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Nurs"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.16.1.200","article-title":"Strategies for improving maintenance of weight loss. Toward a continuous care model of obesity management","volume":"16","author":"Perri","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.12454","article-title":"Repertoires of responsibility for diabetes management by adults with intellectual disabilities and those who support them","volume":"38","author":"Rouse","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sociol Health Illn"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.2337\/diaspect.18.3.136","article-title":"The Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes, and Needs (DAWN) program: a new approach to improving outcomes of diabetes care","volume":"18","author":"Skovlund","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Spectrum"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024564","article-title":"Promoting couples collaboration in type 2 diabetes: the diabetes support project pilot data","volume":"29","author":"Trief","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fam Syst Health"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12257","article-title":"Negotiated autonomy in diabetes self-management: the experiences of adults with intellectual disability and their support workers","volume":"60","author":"Whitehead","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Intellect Disabil Res"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12556","article-title":"Patient explanations for non-attendance at structured diabetes education sessions for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a qualitative study","volume":"32","author":"Winkley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2011.07.013","article-title":"The influence of diabetes psychosocial attributes and self-management practices on change in diabetes status","volume":"87","author":"Zulman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2337\/diaclin.22.3.123","article-title":"Empowerment and self-management of diabetes","volume":"22","author":"Funnell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clinical Diabetes"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.12.2165","article-title":"The diabetes prevention program (DPP)","volume":"25","author":"Group DPPR","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2006.04.007","article-title":"Diabetes Education and Self-Management for Ongoing and Newly Diagnosed (DESMOND): process modelling of pilot study","volume":"64","author":"Skinner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-11-29","article-title":"A worked example of\u2019 best fit\u2019 framework synthesis: a systematic review of views concerning the taking of some potential chemopreventive agents","volume":"11","author":"Carroll","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(03)00056-0","article-title":"Problem structuring methods in action","volume":"152","author":"Mingers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3148.2005.00245.x","article-title":"Stay well and healthy! Pilot study findings from an inhome preventive healthcare programme for persons ageing with intellectual and\/or developmental disabilities","volume":"18","author":"Aronow","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Appl Res Intellect Disabil"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.08.005","article-title":"The Healthy Lifestyle Change Program: a pilot of a community-based health promotion intervention for adults with developmental disabilities","volume":"37","author":"Bazzano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1177\/1524839910381698","article-title":"Developing a physical activity education curriculum for adults with intellectual disabilities","volume":"13","author":"Bodde","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Promot Pract"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.4278\/ajhp.100408-ARB-112","article-title":"The effect of a designed health education intervention on physical activity knowledge and participation of adults with intellectual disabilities","volume":"26","author":"Bodde","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Health Promot"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.7748\/ldp2005.09.8.7.10.c1637","article-title":"Tackling obesity in people with learning disability","volume":"8","author":"Bradley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Learn Disabil Pract"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1177\/1744629505053926","article-title":"Fighting fit? An evaluation of health practitioner input to improve healthy living and reduce obesity for adults with learning disabilities","volume":"9","author":"Chapman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Intellect Disabil"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-761","article-title":"Promoting a healthy diet and physical activity in adults with intellectual disabilities living in community residences: design and evaluation of a cluster-randomized intervention","volume":"10","author":"Elinder","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198103259162","article-title":"Evaluation of a cardiovascular health program for participants with mental retardation and normal learners","volume":"31","author":"Ewing","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Educ Behav"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1986.62.2.359","article-title":"Behavioral weight reduction program for mentally retarded adult females","volume":"62","author":"Fisher","year":"1986","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(85)90029-1","article-title":"Parent involvement in a treatment program for obese retarded adults","volume":"16","author":"Fox","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3148.2005.00242.x","article-title":"A pilot of a gerontological advanced practice nurse preventive intervention","volume":"18","author":"Hahn","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Appl Res Intellect Disabil"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1352\/0895-8017(2004)109<175:AAPOOA>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Attitudinal and psychosocial outcomes of a fitness and health education program on adults with down syndrome","volume":"109","author":"Heller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Ment Retard"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1352\/2008.46:335-345","article-title":"Nutrition education and support program for community-dwelling adults with intellectual disabilities","volume":"46","author":"Humphries","year":"2008","journal-title":"Intellect Dev Disabil"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1177\/1744629506070051","article-title":"Using goal attainment scaling to evaluate a needs-led exercise programme for people with severe and profound intellectual disabilities","volume":"10","author":"Jones","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Intellect Disabil"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3148.2003.00160.x","article-title":"Women be healthy: evaluation of a women\u2019s health curriculum for women with intellectual disabilities","volume":"16","author":"Lunsky","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Appl Res Intellect Disabil"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1352\/0895-8017(2006)111[62:HBCOAW]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Healthy behavior change of adults with mental retardation: attendance in a health promotion program","volume":"111","author":"Mann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Ment Retard"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(90)90003-G","article-title":"Behavioral weight-loss for multiply-handicapped adults: assessing caretaker involvement and measures of behavior change","volume":"15","author":"McCarran","year":"1990","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1177\/0017896912441240","article-title":"An efficacy trial of \u2018Steps to Your Health\u2019, a health promotion programme for adults with intellectual disability","volume":"71","author":"McDermott","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Educ J"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2003.02522.x","article-title":"Obesity in people with intellectual disabilities: the impact of nurse-led health screenings and health promotion activities","volume":"41","author":"Marshall","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-199907000-00005","article-title":"Outcomes of a nonaversive behavior intervention in intellectually impaired individuals using goal attainment scaling","volume":"48","author":"Mate-Kole","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1352\/1944-7558-118.3.224","article-title":"Effecting healthy lifestyle changes in overweight and obese young adults with intellectual disability","volume":"118","author":"Pett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Intellect Dev Disabil"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.7748\/ldp2008.04.11.3.10.c6475","article-title":"Steps to fitness: a health and well-being pilot project: with rates of obesity in the UK reaching epidemic proportions, programmes designed to tackle the problem have been criticised for bypassing certain population groups. But a project designed to promote exercise and healthy living among people with learning disabilities in Surrey has achieved many of its objectives. Lisa Poynor explains","volume":"11","author":"Poynor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Learning Disability Practice"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(80)80057-8","article-title":"The effectiveness of a behavioral weight reduction program for moderately retarded adolescents","volume":"11","author":"Rotatori","year":"1980","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(79)90013-2","article-title":"A parent-teacher administered weight reduction program for obese Down\u2019s Syndrome adolescents","volume":"10","author":"Rotatori","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib152","first-page":"31","article-title":"Multicomponent behavioral program for achieving weight loss in adult mentally retarded persons","volume":"18","author":"Rotatori","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ment Retard"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib153","first-page":"18","article-title":"The effect of two weight reduction maintenance strategies for moderately\/mildly retarded adults","volume":"5","author":"Rotatori","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Obesity Weight Reg"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1300\/J019v28n02_02","article-title":"Evaluation of a weight loss treatment program for individuals with mild mental retardation","volume":"28","author":"Sailer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Child Fam Behav Ther"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib155","first-page":"245","article-title":"Fitness Intervention for Adults with Developmental Disabilities and their Caregivers","volume":"46","author":"Wilhite","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ther Recreation J"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E140","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd9.120074","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of a community health worker intervention for low-income Hispanic adults with diabetes","volume":"9","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0048","article-title":"Intervention costs and cost-effectiveness of a successful telephonic intervention to promote diabetes control","volume":"35","author":"Schechter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s13142-011-0037-z","article-title":"Intervention costs and cost-effectiveness for a multiple-risk-factor diabetes self-management trial for Latinas: economic analysis of Viva Bien! Provisional abstract","volume":"1","author":"Ritzwoller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transl Behav Med"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/2.4.331","article-title":"The cost-utility of diet and exercise interventions in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Structured abstract","volume":"2","author":"Kaplan","year":"1988","journal-title":"Health Promot Int"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.889","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of automated telephone self-management support with nurse care management among patients with diabetes","volume":"6","author":"Handley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721709340931","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of diabetes self-management programs in community primary care settings","volume":"35","author":"Brownson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Educ"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-7-7","article-title":"A cluster randomised controlled trial of the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a \u2018whole systems\u2019 model of self-management support for the management of long- term conditions in primary care: trial protocol","volume":"7","author":"Bower","year":"2012","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-843","article-title":"Cluster randomized controlled trial of a peer support program for people with diabetes: study protocol for the Australasian Peers for Progress study","volume":"12","author":"Riddell","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-14-71","article-title":"Piloting a manualised weight management programme (Shape Up-LD) for overweight and obese persons with mild-moderate learning disabilities: study protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Beeken","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.060939","article-title":"Service use and cost of mental disorder in older adults with intellectual disability","volume":"196","author":"Strydom","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib166","first-page":"533","article-title":"Benefit-cost analysis of community residential versus institutional services for adults with severe mental retardation and challenging behaviors","volume":"99","author":"Knobbe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Ment Retard"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2788.2002.00384.x","article-title":"Healthcare costs of intellectual disability in the Netherlands: a cost-of-illness perspective","volume":"46","author":"Polder","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Intellect Disabil Res"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1352\/0895-8017(2006)111[400:LAOTIA]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of the impact and cost of person-centered planning for people with intellectual disabilities in England","volume":"111","author":"Robertson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Ment Retard"},{"issue":"21","key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3310\/hta13210","article-title":"Neuroleptics in the treatment of aggressive challenging behaviour for people with intellectual disabilities: a randomised controlled trial (NACHBID)","volume":"13","author":"Tyrer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3310\/hta5060","article-title":"General health status measures for people with cognitive impairment: learning disability and acquired brain injury","volume":"5","author":"Riemsma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib171","volume-title":"Unit Costs of Health and Social Care 2014","author":"Curtis","year":"2015"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib172","volume-title":"British National Formulary","author":"Joint Formulary Committee","year":"2013","edition":"67 edn."},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib173","volume-title":"National Schedule of Reference Costs Year 2014\u20132015: NHS Trusts PCT Combined","author":"Department of Health","year":"2015"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-015-0832-9","article-title":"Supported self-management for adults with type 2 diabetes and a learning disability (OK-Diabetes): study protocol for a randomised controlled feasibility trial","volume":"16","author":"Walwyn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8510(96)00822-6","article-title":"EuroQol: the current state of play","volume":"37","author":"Brooks","year":"1996","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13626","article-title":"Randomized controlled feasibility trial of supported self-management in adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and an intellectual disability: OK Diabetes","volume":"35","author":"House","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2004.09.006","article-title":"Detecting and monitoring depression with a two-item questionnaire (PHQ-2)","volume":"58","author":"L\u00f6we","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c4093","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c4093","article-title":"Delivering the diabetes education and self management for ongoing and newly diagnosed (DESMOND) programme for people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: cost effectiveness analysis","volume":"341","author":"Gillett","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/j..2002.384.doc.x","article-title":"Design and analysis of pilot studies: recommendations for good practice","volume":"10","author":"Lancaster","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Eval Clin Pract"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2007.02157.x","article-title":"International Diabetes Federation: a consensus on type 2 diabetes prevention","volume":"24","author":"Alberti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib181","volume-title":"Guide to the Methods of Technology Appraisal","author":"NICE","year":"2013"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198529446.001.0001","volume-title":"Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes","author":"Drummond","year":"2005"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.903","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness acceptability curves \u2013 facts, fallacies and frequently asked questions","volume":"13","author":"Fenwick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Econ"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.4730030505","article-title":"Costs, effects and C\/E-ratios alongside a clinical trial","volume":"3","author":"van Hout","year":"1994","journal-title":"Health Econ"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7227.114","article-title":"Qualitative research in health care. Analysing qualitative data","volume":"320","author":"Pope","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.7748\/nr2011.01.18.2.52.c8284","article-title":"Qualitative data analysis: the framework approach","volume":"18","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nurse Res"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib187","volume-title":"The Qualitative Researcher\u2019s Companion","author":"Ritchie","year":"2002"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib188","volume-title":"Analyzing Qualitative Data","author":"Ritchie","year":"1994"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13510","article-title":"Characterizing adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and intellectual disability: outcomes of a case-finding study","volume":"35","author":"Bryant","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib190","volume-title":"NHS Reference Costs 2013\u201314","author":"Department of Health","year":"2014"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3156.2006.00404.x","article-title":"Obtaining consent to participate in research: the issues involved in including people with a range of learning and communication disabilities","volume":"35","author":"Cameron","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Learn Disabil"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s40608-015-0080-2","article-title":"A qualitative study exploring why adults with intellectual disabilities and obesity want to lose weight and views of their carers","volume":"2","author":"Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Obes"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-016-0296-x","article-title":"The physical health of British adults with intellectual disability: cross sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Emerson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12218","article-title":"The health of parents with and without intellectual impairment in the UK","volume":"59","author":"Emerson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Intellect Disabil Res"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62026-7","article-title":"The Confidential Inquiry into premature deaths of people with intellectual disabilities in the UK: a population-based study","volume":"383","author":"Heslop","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707009968","article-title":"An epidemiological investigation of affective disorders with a population-based cohort of 1023 adults with intellectual disabilities","volume":"37","author":"Cooper","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-0452","article-title":"Combined diet and physical activity promotion programs to prevent type 2 diabetes among persons at increased risk: a systematic review for the Community Preventive Services Task Force","volume":"163","author":"Balk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-75","article-title":"Are behavioral interventions effective in increasing physical activity at 12 to 36 months in adults aged 55 to 70 years? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Hobbs","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2014.07.005","article-title":"Diet or exercise interventions vs combined behavioral weight management programs: a systematic review and meta-analysis of direct comparisons","volume":"114","author":"Johns","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Acad Nutri Diet"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-0130","article-title":"Behavioral counseling to promote a healthy lifestyle in persons with cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review for the US preventive services task force","volume":"161","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.14173","article-title":"Behavioral treatment of obesity in patients encountered in primary care settings: a systematic review","volume":"312","author":"Wadden","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-653","article-title":"Reduction of diabetes risk in routine clinical practice: are physical activity and nutrition interventions feasible and are the outcomes from reference trials replicable? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Cardona-Morrell","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2195","article-title":"Diabetes prevention in the real world: effectiveness of pragmatic lifestyle interventions for the prevention of type 2 diabetes and of the impact of adherence to guideline recommendations: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Dunkley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-12-132","article-title":"Weight management interventions in adults with intellectual disabilities and obesity: a systematic review of the evidence","volume":"12","author":"Spanos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7199","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.01.149","article-title":"Design issues of randomized phase II trials and a proposal for phase II screening trials","volume":"23","author":"Rubinstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2005.01596.x","article-title":"ADVANCE \u2013 Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: patient recruitment and characteristics of the study population at baseline","volume":"22","author":"ADVANCE Collaborative Group","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"key20180528091007562_ref1-bib207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0802743","article-title":"Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes","volume":"358","author":"Gerstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Health Technology Assessment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk\/publications\/hta22260\/hta22260.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/njl-admin.nihr.ac.uk\/document\/download\/2003393","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk\/publications\/hta22260\/hta22260.xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/njl-admin.nihr.ac.uk\/document\/download\/2014466","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,7]],"date-time":"2024-07-07T04:48:45Z","timestamp":1720327725000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk\/hta\/hta22260"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"references-count":207,"journal-issue":{"issue":"26","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3310\/hta22260"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3310\/hta22260","relation":{},"ISSN":["1366-5278","2046-4924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1366-5278","type":"print"},{"value":"2046-4924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"This content has been made freely available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}