{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:14:17Z","timestamp":1792026857339,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":172,"publisher":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/doc\/non-commercial-government-licence\/non-commercial-government-licence.htm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000664","name":"Health Technology Assessment programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11\/15\/04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11\/15\/04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000664","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Health Technol Assess"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"abs1-1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cognitive rehabilitation (CR) is an individualised, person-centred intervention for people with mild to moderate dementia that addresses the impact of cognitive impairment on everyday functioning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"abs1-2\"><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether or not CR is a clinically effective and cost-effective intervention for people with mild to moderate Alzheimer\u2019s disease or vascular or mixed dementia, and their carers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"abs1-3\"><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>This multicentre randomised controlled trial compared CR with treatment as usual (TAU). Following a baseline assessment and goal-setting to identify areas of everyday functioning that could be improved or better managed, participants were randomised (1\u2009:\u20091) via secure web access to an independent randomisation centre to receive either TAU or CR and followed up at 3 and 9 months post randomisation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"abs1-4\"><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Community.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"abs1-5\"><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants had an<jats:italic>International Classification of Diseases<\/jats:italic>, Tenth Edition, diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease or vascular or mixed dementia, had mild to moderate cognitive impairment (Mini Mental State Examination score of \u2265\u200918 points), were stable on medication if prescribed, and had a family carer who was willing to contribute. The exclusion criteria were people with a history of brain injury or other neurological disorder and an inability to speak English. To achieve adequate power, we needed 350 people to complete the trial, with 175 people in each trial arm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"abs1-6\"><jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cognitive rehabilitation consisted of 10 therapy sessions over 3 months, followed by four maintenance sessions over 6 months, delivered in participants\u2019 homes. The therapists were nine occupational therapists and one nurse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"abs1-7\"><jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary outcome was self-reported goal attainment at 3 months. Goal attainment was also assessed at 9 months. Carers provided independent ratings of goal attainment at both time points. The secondary outcomes were participant quality of life, mood, self-efficacy and cognition, and carer stress, health status and quality of life. The assessments at 3 and 9 months were conducted by researchers who were blind to the participants\u2019 group allocation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"abs1-8\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 475 participants were randomised (CR arm,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009239; TAU arm,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009236), 427 participants (90%) completed the trial and 426 participants were analysed (CR arm,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009208, TAU arm,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009218). At 3 months, there were statistically significant large positive effects for participant-rated goal attainment [mean change in the CR arm: 2.57; mean change in the TAU arm: 0.86; Cohen\u2019s<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75 to 1.19], corroborated by carer ratings (Cohen\u2019s<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.11, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.34). These effects were maintained at 9 months for both the participant ratings (Cohen\u2019s<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.94, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.17) and the carer ratings (Cohen\u2019s<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.96, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.20). There were no significant differences in the secondary outcomes. In the cost\u2013utility analyses, there was no evidence of cost-effectiveness in terms of gains in the quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) of the person with dementia (measured using the DEMentia Quality Of Life questionnaire utility score) or the QALYs of the carer (measured using the EuroQol-5 Dimensions, three-level version) from either cost perspective. In the cost-effectiveness analyses, by reference to the primary outcome of participant-rated goal attainment, CR was cost-effective from both the health and social care perspective and the societal perspective at willingness-to-pay values of \u00a32500 and above for improvement in the goal attainment measure. There was no evidence on the cost-effectiveness of the self-efficacy measure (the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale) from either cost perspective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"abs1-9\"><jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title><jats:p>Possible limitations arose from the non-feasibility of using observational outcome measures, the lack of a general measure of functional ability and the exclusion of people without a carer or with rarer forms of dementia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"abs1-10\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cognitive rehabilitation is clinically effective in enabling people with early-stage dementia to improve their everyday functioning in relation to individual goals targeted in the therapy sessions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"abs1-11\"><jats:title>Future work<\/jats:title><jats:p>Next steps will focus on the implementation of CR into NHS and social care services and on extending the approach to people with rarer forms of dementia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"abs1-12\"><jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN21027481.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"abs1-13\"><jats:title>Funding<\/jats:title><jats:p>This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in<jats:italic>Health Technology Assessment<\/jats:italic>; Vol. 23, No. 10. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3310\/hta23100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T07:48:20Z","timestamp":1552895300000},"page":"1-242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3310\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Goal-oriented cognitive rehabilitation for early-stage Alzheimer\u2019s and related dementias: the GREAT RCT"],"prefix":"10.3310","volume":"23","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"isrctn21027481","registry":"10.18810\/isrctn","type":"results"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3989-5318","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Linda","family":"Clare","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6955-9043","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Kudlicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0263-8740","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jan R","family":"Oyebode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dementia Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7953-5985","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Roy W","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for the Care of Older People (RICE), Bath, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7514-248X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antony","family":"Bayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Medicine, University Hospital Llandough, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1822-3643","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Iracema","family":"Leroi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0526-3160","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael","family":"Kopelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, St Thomas\u2019 Hospital, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0766-3168","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ian A","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of the Health of the Elderly, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6950-5451","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alison","family":"Culverwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kent and Medway NHS and Social Care Partnership Trust, St Martin\u2019s Hospital, Canterbury, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6304-0753","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jackie","family":"Pool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dementia Pal Ltd, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6942-0404","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew","family":"Brand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Wales Organisation for Randomised Trials in Health, Bangor University, Bangor, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4340-4702","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Catherine","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1803-5482","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zoe","family":"Hoare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Wales Organisation for Randomised Trials in Health, Bangor University, Bangor, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1427-0215","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martin","family":"Knapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5226-9595","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sarah","family":"Morgan-Trimmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9837-0645","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alistair","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2015-0316","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anne","family":"Corbett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4305-3236","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rhiannon","family":"Whitaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Whitaker Research Ltd, Bangor, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6781-651X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bob","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dementia Services Development Centre, Bangor University, Bangor, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"6221","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib1","volume-title":"Psychological Dimensions of Care: Putting the Person at the Centre of Care","author":"British Psychological Society","year":"2016"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib2","volume-title":"Clinical Psychology in the Early-Stage Dementia Pathway","author":"British Psychological Society","year":"2014"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002245","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002245","article-title":"Rehabilitation for people living with dementia: a practical framework of positive support","volume":"14","author":"Clare","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS Med"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib4","first-page":"825","volume-title":"The Cognitive Neurosciences","author":"Squire","year":"1995"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1027\/\/1016-9040.8.3.148","article-title":"Cognitive plasticity in healthy, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects and Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients: a research project in Spain","volume":"8","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Ballesteros","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Psychol"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1986.tb00673.x","article-title":"The retention of new information in senile dementia","volume":"25","author":"Little","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1992.tb04461.x","article-title":"Memory training and memory improvement in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: rules and exceptions","volume":"139","author":"B\u00e4ckman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib8","volume-title":"International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1980"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib9","volume-title":"International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1998"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib10","volume-title":"International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib11","first-page":"363","volume-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Treatment and Family Stress","author":"Reifler","year":"1990"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib12","volume-title":"Dementia Reconsidered: The Person Comes First","author":"Kitwood","year":"1997"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550160083043","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer disease and related disorders. Consensus statement of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, the Alzheimer\u2019s Association, and the American Geriatrics Society","volume":"278","author":"Small","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD003260","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003260","article-title":"Cognitive rehabilitation and cognitive training for early-stage Alzheimer\u2019s disease and vascular dementia","volume":"4","author":"Clare","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD003260","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003260.pub2","article-title":"Cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation for mild to moderate Alzheimer\u2019s disease and vascular dementia","volume":"6","author":"Bahar-Fuchs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.26419\/pia.00001.001","volume-title":"Engage Your Brain: GCBH Recommendations on Cognitively Stimulating Activities","author":"Global Council on Brain Health","year":"2017"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2006.00789.x","article-title":"Cognitive training in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis of the literature","volume":"114","author":"Sitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib18","volume-title":"Functional Recovery and the Principles of Disability Medicine","author":"McLellan","year":"1991"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1080\/09602010244000020","article-title":"Towards a comprehensive model of cognitive rehabilitation","volume":"12","author":"Wilson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rehabil"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib20","volume-title":"Neuropsychological Rehabilitation and People with Dementia","author":"Clare","year":"2008"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afw094","article-title":"New horizons: reablement \u2013 supporting older people towards independence","volume":"45","author":"Aspinal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib22","volume-title":"Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities","author":"United Nations","year":"2006"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib23","volume-title":"The Loss of Self: A Family Resource for the Care of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Related Disorders","author":"Cohen","year":"1986"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib24","volume-title":"Perspectives on Rehabilitation and Dementia","author":"Marshall","year":"2005"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3138\/ptc.2011-06BH","article-title":"Rehabilitation in patients with dementia following hip fracture: a systematic review","volume":"64","author":"Allen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiother Can"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1080\/096020199389365","article-title":"Goal attainment scaling in rehabilitation","volume":"9","author":"Malec","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rehabil"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.57.9.705","article-title":"Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation. A 35-year odyssey","volume":"57","author":"Locke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(97)00014-0","article-title":"Use of goal attainment scaling in measuring clinically important change in cognitive rehabilitation patients","volume":"50","author":"Rockwood","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.56.5.489","article-title":"Occupational therapy and achievement of self-identified goals by adults with acquired brain injury: phase II","volume":"56","author":"Trombly","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Occup Ther"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215503cr635oa","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure in stroke patients","volume":"17","author":"Cup","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.09.049","article-title":"Use of goal attainment scaling in inpatient rehabilitation for persons with multiple sclerosis","volume":"89","author":"Khan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2016.1189342","article-title":"Do memory aids help everyday memory? A controlled trial of a Memory Aids Service","volume":"28","author":"Dewar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rehabil"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2002.32636","article-title":"Goal attainment scaling in the rehabilitation of patients with lower-extremity amputations: a pilot study","volume":"83","author":"Rushton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215502cr554oa","article-title":"Goal attainment scaling in evaluating a multidisciplinary pain management programme","volume":"16","author":"Fisher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215507081928","article-title":"Assessing clinically meaningful change following a programme for managing chronic pain","volume":"22","author":"Fisher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(03)00132-X","article-title":"Responsiveness of goal attainment scaling in a randomized controlled trial of comprehensive geriatric assessment","volume":"56","author":"Rockwood","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01530764","article-title":"Goal attainment scaling: a general method for evaluating comprehensive community mental health programs","volume":"4","author":"Kiresuk","year":"1968","journal-title":"Community Ment Health J"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib38","volume-title":"Canadian Occupational Performance Measure","author":"Law","year":"2005","edition":"4th edn."},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1177\/000841740407100406","article-title":"The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure: a research and clinical literature review","volume":"71","author":"Carswell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can J Occup Ther"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1177\/000841740206900204","article-title":"Individualized outcome measures: a review of the literature","volume":"69","author":"Donnelly","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can J Occup Ther"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215505cr883oa","article-title":"The reproducibility of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure","volume":"19","author":"Eyssen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050701739531","article-title":"Utility of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure in community-based brain injury rehabilitation","volume":"21","author":"Jenkinson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2006.03874.x","article-title":"Living with early-stage dementia: a review of qualitative studies","volume":"54","author":"Steeman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1348\/014466504323088033","article-title":"The construction of awareness in early-stage Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a review of concepts and models","volume":"43","author":"Clare","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1076\/jcen.26.2.215.28088","article-title":"Awareness in early-stage Alzheimer\u2019s disease: relationship to outcome of cognitive rehabilitation","volume":"26","author":"Clare","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2011.583630","article-title":"Awareness in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and associated dementias: theoretical framework and clinical implications","volume":"15","author":"Clare","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1159\/000346735","article-title":"Memory awareness profiles differentiate mild cognitive impairment from early-stage dementia: evidence from assessments of performance monitoring and evaluative judgement","volume":"35","author":"Clare","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4664","article-title":"Awareness of functional ability in people with early-stage dementia","volume":"33","author":"Martyr","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib49","first-page":"93","article-title":"Use of a digital alarm chronograph as a memory aid in early dementia","volume":"1","author":"Kurlychek","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Gerontol"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.1990.23-29","article-title":"Enhancing conversation skills in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease using a prosthetic memory aid","volume":"23","author":"Bourgeois","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Appl Behav Anal"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.930080505","article-title":"Supporting everyday activities in dementia: an intervention study","volume":"8","author":"Josephsson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib52","volume-title":"Facilitation of New Learning in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","author":"Camp","year":"1989"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1080\/13554799908404063","article-title":"Errorless learning of face-name associations in early Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"5","author":"Clare","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurocase"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1076\/1380-3395(200002)22:1;1-8;FT132","article-title":"Intervening with everyday memory problems in dementia of Alzheimer type: an errorless learning approach","volume":"22","author":"Clare","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/1360786021000045854","article-title":"Cognitive rehabilitation as a component of early intervention in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a single case study","volume":"7","author":"Clare","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib56","first-page":"109","article-title":"Memory rehabilitation for people with early-stage dementia: a single case comparison of four errorless learning methods","volume":"17","author":"Clare","year":"2004","journal-title":"Z Gerontol Psychol Psychiat"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.16.4.538","article-title":"Relearning face-name associations in early Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"Clare","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1080\/09602010042000213","article-title":"Long-term maintenance of treatment gains following a cognitive rehabilitation intervention in early dementia","volume":"11","author":"Clare","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rehabil"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1080\/09602010701218317","article-title":"Learning face-name associations in early-stage dementia: comparing the effects of errorless learning and effortful processing","volume":"17","author":"Dunn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rehabil"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-008-9051-4","article-title":"Errorless learning in the rehabilitation of memory impairment: a critical review","volume":"18","author":"Clare","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1080\/09602010042000042","article-title":"Behavioural difficulties and cued recall of adaptive behaviour in dementia: experimental and clinical evidence","volume":"11","author":"Bird","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rehabil"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib62","first-page":"114","article-title":"Training early Alzheimer patients to use a mobile phone","volume":"102","author":"Lekeu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181d5792a","article-title":"Goal-oriented cognitive rehabilitation for people with early-stage Alzheimer disease: a single-blind randomized controlled trial of clinical efficacy","volume":"18","author":"Clare","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1080\/07317115.2011.555937","article-title":"Goal-setting in cognitive rehabilitation for people with early-stage Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"34","author":"Clare","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Gerontol"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-2009-0494","article-title":"Can we change brain functioning with cognition-focused interventions in Alzheimer\u2019s disease? The role of functional neuroimaging","volume":"27","author":"van Paasschen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968312471902","article-title":"Cognitive rehabilitation changes memory-related brain activity in people with Alzheimer disease","volume":"27","author":"van Paasschen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib67","first-page":"CD003260","article-title":"Cognitive rehabilitation and cognitive training in early-stage Alzheimer\u2019s disease and vascular dementia (updated version)","volume":"4","author":"Clare","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1177\/000841740206900104","article-title":"Clinical utility of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure \u2013 Swedish version","volume":"69","author":"Wressle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can J Occup Ther"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1080\/13638490500235581","article-title":"A comparison of goal attainment scaling and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure for paediatric rehabilitation research","volume":"9","author":"Cusick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Rehabil"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-015-0402-4","article-title":"The Agewell trial: a pilot randomised controlled trial of a behaviour change intervention to promote healthy ageing and reduce risk of dementia in later life","volume":"15","author":"Clare","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.04.044","article-title":"The INDIGO Study: a randomized controlled trial of physical activity with individual goal-setting and volunteer mentors to overcome sedentary lifestyle in older adults at risk of cognitive decline","volume":"10","author":"Lautenschlager","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5076","article-title":"Individual goal-oriented cognitive rehabilitation to improve everyday functioning for people with early-stage dementia: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial (the GREAT trial)","author":"Clare","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-14-152","article-title":"Goal-oriented cognitive rehabilitation in early-stage dementia: study protocol for a multi-centre single-blind randomised controlled trial (GREAT)","volume":"14","author":"Clare","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib74","volume-title":"Dementia UK","author":"Prince","year":"2014","edition":"2nd edn."},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"\u2018Mini-mental state\u2019. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4175","article-title":"Generalized method for adaptive randomization in clinical trials","volume":"30","author":"Russell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib77","volume-title":"The Pool Activity Level (PAL) Instrument for Occupational Profiling: A Practical Resource for Carers of People with Cognitive Impairment","author":"Pool","year":"2012","edition":"4th edn."},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1080\/13607860801984375","article-title":"Assessing the validity and reliability of the Pool Activity Level (PAL) Checklist for use with older people with dementia","volume":"12","author":"Wenborn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib79","volume-title":"Dementia: Supporting People with Dementia and their Carers in Health and Social Care","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)","year":"2006"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7358(91)90103-2","article-title":"Treatment fidelity in outcome studies","volume":"11","author":"Moncher","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7455.1561","article-title":"Complex interventions: how \u2018out of control\u2019 can a randomised controlled trial be?","volume":"328","author":"Hawe","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","article-title":"A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation","volume":"40","author":"Charlson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280600929201","article-title":"Adapting the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure for use in a paediatric clinical trial","volume":"29","author":"Cusick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.2182\/cjot.2012.79.1.2","article-title":"Canadian Occupational Performance Measure: impact of blinded parent-proxy ratings on outcome","volume":"79","author":"Wallen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can J Occup Ther"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291706009469","article-title":"Development of a new measure of health-related quality of life for people with dementia: DEMQOL","volume":"37","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta17050","article-title":"Development of DEMQOL-U and DEMQOL-PROXY-U: generation of preference-based indices from DEMQOL and DEMQOL-PROXY for use in economic evaluation","volume":"17","author":"Mulhern","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib87","first-page":"35","volume-title":"Measures in Health Psychology: A User\u2019s Portfolio","author":"Schwarzer","year":"1995"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1080\/00207590444000041","article-title":"General self-efficacy in various domains of human functioning: evidence from five countries","volume":"40","author":"Luszczynska","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Psychol"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib89","volume-title":"The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale","author":"Snaith","year":"1994"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2461","article-title":"Awareness of carer distress in people with dementia","volume":"25","author":"Ablitt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.08.017","article-title":"Coping strategies and anxiety in caregivers of people with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: the LASER-AD study","volume":"90","author":"Cooper","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib92","volume-title":"Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test II","author":"Wilson","year":"2003"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib93","volume-title":"The Test of Everyday Attention","author":"Robertson","year":"1994"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib94","volume-title":"Delis\u2013Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS)","author":"Delis","year":"2001"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-007-9040-z","article-title":"The elusive nature of executive functions: a review of our current understanding","volume":"17","author":"Jurado","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2004.02.001","article-title":"Verbal fluency performance in dementia of the Alzheimer\u2019s type: a meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Henry","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib97","first-page":"179","volume-title":"Measuring Mental Health Needs","author":"Beecham","year":"1992"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/11.2.121","article-title":"Measuring behavioural disturbance of elderly demented patients in the community and its effects on relatives: a factor analytic study","volume":"11","author":"Greene","year":"1982","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1023\/B:QURE.0000018486.91360.00","article-title":"The World Health Organization\u2019s WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment: psychometric properties and results of the international field trial. A report from the WHOQOL group","volume":"13","author":"Skevington","year":"2004","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8510(96)00822-6","article-title":"EuroQol: the current state of play","volume":"37","author":"Brooks","year":"1996","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890109002087","article-title":"EQ-5D: a measure of health status from the EuroQol Group","volume":"33","author":"Rabin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.11.4.386","article-title":"When effect sizes disagree: the case of r and d","volume":"11","author":"McGrath","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i03","article-title":"MICE: Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations in R","volume":"45","author":"van Buuren","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1027\/1614-2241\/a000111","article-title":"Pooling ANOVA results from multiply imputed datasets","volume":"12","author":"Grund","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methodology"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib105","first-page":"78","article-title":"What do people with early-stage dementia identify as meaningful therapy goals?","volume":"78","author":"Evans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Occup Ther"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib107","first-page":"219","volume-title":"Qualitative Research Practice: A Guide for Social Science Students and Researchers","author":"Ritchie","year":"2003"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446217870.n14","volume-title":"Qualitative Health Psychology: Theories and Methods","author":"Smith","year":"1999"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-199915020-00003","article-title":"Determining clinically important differences in health status measures: a general approach with illustration to the Health Utilities Index Mark II","volume":"15","author":"Samsa","year":"1999","journal-title":"PharmacoEconomics"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2011.10.016","article-title":"Estimating preference-based single index measures for dementia using DEMQOL and DEMQOL-Proxy","volume":"15","author":"Rowen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib111","volume-title":"A Social Tariff for EuroQol: Results from a UK General Population Survey (discussion paper 138)","author":"Dolan","year":"1995"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib112","first-page":"220","volume-title":"Measuring Mental Health Needs","author":"Beecham","year":"2001","edition":"2nd edn."},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib113","volume-title":"NHS Reference Costs 2012 to 2013","author":"Department of Health and Social Care","year":"2013"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib114","volume-title":"Unit Costs of Health and Social Care 2014","author":"Curtis","year":"2014"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib115","volume-title":"Unit Costs of Health and Social Care 2013","author":"Curtis","year":"2013"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200826040-00001","article-title":"An overview of methods and applications to value informal care in economic evaluations of healthcare","volume":"26","author":"Koopmanschap","year":"2008","journal-title":"PharmacoEconomics"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib117","volume-title":"Productivity Costs","author":"Pritchard","year":"2000"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib118","volume-title":"NHS Reference Costs 2013 to 2014","author":"Department of Health and Social Care","year":"2014"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib119","volume-title":"Our Prices: Regular Domestic Cleaning","author":"Greenleaf Cleaning"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib120","volume-title":"Pricing","author":"Hassle.com"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib121","volume-title":"What We Do","author":"Homeclean"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib122","volume-title":"Laundry Service 2008","author":"Wandsworth Council"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib123","volume-title":"Evaluation of the East Sussex Carers\u2019 Breaks Demonstrator Site","author":"Banks","year":"2011"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib124","volume-title":"Optics at a Glance 2014","author":"Optical Confederation","year":"2014"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib125","volume-title":"General Ophthalmic Services: Increases to NHS Sight Test Fee, Pre-Registration Supervisors Allowance and Continuing Education and Training Allowance and Arrangements for Universal Credit","author":"Department of Health and Social Care","year":"2014"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.07.026","article-title":"Treatment and prevention of depression after surgery for hip fracture in older people: cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"128","author":"Romeo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib127","volume-title":"Freedom of Information Request: WN-2015-00077(IR)\u2013Structured Diabetes 2015","author":"NHS West Norfolk CCG","year":"2015"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2014.10.020","article-title":"Maintenance cognitive stimulation therapy: an economic evaluation within a randomized controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"D\u2019Amico","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"64","key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta19640","article-title":"Individual cognitive stimulation therapy for dementia: a clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Orgeta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610215002094","article-title":"A pilot randomized controlled trial of a self-management group intervention for people with early-stage dementia (The SMART study)","volume":"28","author":"Quinn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib131","volume-title":"Peer Support Projects 2014","author":"Dementia Partnerships"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib132","volume-title":"Singing For The Brain: Alzheimer\u2019s Society","author":"Alzheimer\u2019s Society (Hull and East Riding)"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib133","volume-title":"New \u2018Singing for the Brain\u2019\u00ae Group for People with Dementia in Oxted","author":"Alzheimer\u2019s Society (Surrey)","year":"2016"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib134","volume-title":"Singing With Us","author":"Alzheimer\u2019s Society (Surrey)","year":"2017"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib135","volume-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Society \u2013 Singing for the Brain","author":"Alzheimer\u2019s Society \u2013 Singing for the Brain","year":"2017"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.963132","article-title":"Efficacy and cost of an exercise program for functionally impaired older patients with heart failure: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Witham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib137","volume-title":"Unit Costs of Health and Social Care 2010","author":"Curtis","year":"2010"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib138","volume-title":"National Catalogue and Tariff for Simple Aids to Daily Living 2010","author":"Department of Health Care Services Efficiency Delivery Programme Transforming Community Equipment Services","year":"2010"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib139","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Building Telecare in England","author":"Department of Health and Social Care","year":"2005"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib140","volume-title":"Prescription Cost Analysis, England 2013","author":"NHS Digital","year":"2014"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib141","volume-title":"National Minimum Wage and National Living Wage Rates","author":"GOV.UK","year":"2017"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib142","volume-title":"Motoring Costs 2013","author":"Automobile Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib143","volume-title":"Pay Circular (AforC) 3\/2013","author":"NHS Employers"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib144","volume-title":"Unit Costs of Health and Social Care 2016","author":"Curtis","year":"2016"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib145","volume-title":"Stata Multiple-Imputation Reference Manual: Release 14","author":"StataCorp","year":"2015"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-014-0193-3","article-title":"A guide to handling missing data in cost-effectiveness analysis conducted within randomised controlled trials","volume":"32","author":"Faria","year":"2014","journal-title":"PharmacoEconomics"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4067","article-title":"Multiple imputation using chained equations: issues and guidance for practice","volume":"30","author":"White","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib148","first-page":"1933","volume-title":"COMPSTAT 2004 Symposium: Proceedings in Computational Statistics","author":"Vanderviere","year":"2004"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib149","volume-title":"MEDCOUPLE: Stata Module to Compute Medcouple Measure of Asymmetry and Heaviness of the Tails","author":"Gelade","year":"2013"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib150","volume-title":"Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes","author":"Drummond","year":"2005","edition":"3rd edn."},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.843","article-title":"Regression methods for covariate adjustment and subgroup analysis for non-censored cost-effectiveness data","volume":"13","author":"Willan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Econ"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib152","volume-title":"How Large should the Bootstrapped Samples be Relative to the Total Number of Cases in the Dataset?","author":"Gould","year":"2017"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib153","volume-title":"Economic Evaluation in Clinical Trials","author":"Glick","year":"2007"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-6-52","article-title":"Using and interpreting cost-effectiveness acceptability curves: an example using data from a trial of management strategies for atrial fibrillation","volume":"6","author":"Fenwick","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-015-0731-8","article-title":"Choice of statistical model for cost-effectiveness analysis and covariate adjustment: empirical application of prominent models and assessment of their results","volume":"17","author":"Mantopoulos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Health Econ"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2010.08.002","article-title":"EQ-5D as a quality of life measure in people with dementia and their carers: evidence and key issues","volume":"14","author":"Hounsome","year":"2011","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-015-1065-9","article-title":"How does the EQ-5D perform when measuring quality of life in dementia against two other dementia-specific outcome measures?","volume":"25","author":"Aguirre","year":"2016","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s40258-016-0293-7","article-title":"An empirical comparison of the EQ-5D-5L, DEMQOL-U and DEMQOL-Proxy-U in a post-hospitalisation population of frail older people living in residential aged care","volume":"15","author":"Ratcliffe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl Health Econ Health Policy"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib159","volume-title":"Guide to the Methods of Technology Appraisal","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)","year":"2013"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2013.07.011","article-title":"ETNA3, a clinical randomized study assessing three cognitive-oriented therapies in dementia: rationale and general design","volume":"169","author":"Amieva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610215001830","article-title":"Group and individual cognitive therapies in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: the ETNA3 randomized trial","volume":"28","author":"Amieva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.27.543","article-title":"Cognitive rehabilitation for elderly people with early-stage Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"27","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2013.03.008","article-title":"A randomized cross-over controlled study on cognitive rehabilitation of instrumental activities of daily living in Alzheimer disease","volume":"22","author":"Thivierge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-017-0247-9","article-title":"Structured relearning of activities of daily living in dementia: the randomized controlled REDALI-DEM trial on errorless learning","volume":"9","author":"Voigt-Radloff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0152843","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152843","article-title":"REMCARE: pragmatic multi-centre randomised trial of reminiscence groups for people with dementia and their family carers: effectiveness and economic analysis","volume":"11","author":"Woods","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.53.5.471","article-title":"Development of a functional measure for persons with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: the disability assessment for dementia","volume":"53","author":"G\u00e9linas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Occup Ther"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002259","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002259","article-title":"Potentially modifiable lifestyle factors, cognitive reserve, and cognitive function in later life: a cross-sectional study","volume":"14","author":"Clare","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS Med"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.12.003","article-title":"Cognitive remediation therapy in schizophrenia: cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"120","author":"Patel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150794","article-title":"\u2018I don\u2019t think of it as an illness\u2019: illness representations in mild to moderate dementia","volume":"51","author":"Clare","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-016-1253-0","article-title":"Cognitive rehabilitation for Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (CORD-PD)","volume":"17","author":"Hindle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8285041","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8285041","article-title":"Goal-setting for cognitive rehabilitation in mild to moderate Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"2016","author":"Watermeyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"key20190314091533709_ref1-bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watermeyer T, Hindle JV, Clare L, editors. Cognitive Rehabilitation for People with Parkinson\u2019s Disease Dementia and Dementia with Lewy Bodies: The CORD-PD Pilot Trial. Alzheimer\u2019s Association International Conference, London, 2017.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.06.1818"}],"container-title":["Health Technology Assessment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk\/publications\/hta23100\/hta23100.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/njl-admin.nihr.ac.uk\/document\/download\/2003451","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk\/publications\/hta23100\/hta23100.xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/njl-admin.nihr.ac.uk\/document\/download\/2028673","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]],"date-time":"2023-08-15T15:41:02Z","timestamp":1692114062000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk\/hta\/hta23100"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"references-count":172,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3310\/hta23100"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3310\/hta23100","relation":{},"ISSN":["1366-5278","2046-4924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1366-5278","type":"print"},{"value":"2046-4924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"This content has been made freely available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}