{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T22:39:12Z","timestamp":1791585552386,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002001","name":"Health and Social Care Delivery Research (HSDR) Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR135589"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR135589"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Health Soc Care Deliv Res"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"abs1-1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Women\u2019s sexual and reproductive health needs are complex and vary across the life course. They are met by a range of providers, professionals and venues. Provision is not well integrated, with inequalities in access. In some areas of the United Kingdom Women\u2019s Health Hubs have been established to improve provision, experience and outcomes for women, and to address inequalities and reduce costs. These models were established prior to the national implementation of Women\u2019s Health Hubs announced in the English 2022 Women\u2019s Health Strategy.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"abs1-2\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To explore the \u2018current state of the art\u2019, mapping the United Kingdom landscape, and studying experiences of delivering and using Women\u2019s Health Hubs across England, defining key features and early markers of success to inform policy and practice.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"abs1-3\"><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A mixed-methods evaluation, comprising three work packages:<\/jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"order\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Mapping the Women\u2019s Health Hub landscape and context and developing a definition of Women\u2019s Health Hubs, informed by an online national survey of Women\u2019s Health Hub leaders, and interviews with regional stakeholders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In-depth evaluation in four hub sites, including interviews with staff and women, focus groups in local communities and documentary analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Interviews with national stakeholders and consolidation of findings from work packages 1 and 2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<jats:p>Fieldwork was undertaken from May 2022 to March 2023. The evaluation was initiated prior to the national scale-up of Women\u2019s Health Hubs announced in the 2022 Women\u2019s Health Strategy.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"abs1-4\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Most areas of the United Kingdom did not have a Women\u2019s Health Hub. Seventeen active services were identified, established between 2001 and 2022. Women\u2019s Health Hubs were diverse, predominantly GP-led, with different perspectives of the role and definition of a hub. Women using hubs reported positive experiences, finding services caring and convenient. Implementation facilitators included committed, collaborative leaders working across boundaries, sufficient workforce capacity and a supportive policy context. Challenges included access to funding, commissioning, workforce issues, facilities and equipment, stakeholder engagement and wider system integration, priorities and pressures. Leaders were committed to addressing inequalities, but evidence of impact was still emerging.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"abs1-5\"><jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>It was challenging to locate models; therefore, some may have been missed. Data availability limited assessment of impact, including inequalities. Some population groups were not represented in the data, and the evaluation was more provider-oriented. It was not possible to develop a typology of Women\u2019s Health Hubs as planned due to heterogeneity in models.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"abs1-6\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Existing Women\u2019s Health Hub models were providing integrated approaches to meet local needs. Many were at an early stage of development. Evidence of system-level impact and costs was still emerging. Women\u2019s Health Hubs may widen inequalities if models are more accessible to advantaged groups. The important role of committed leaders in existing \u2018bottom-up\u2019 models may limit scalability and sustainability. Findings suggest that national scale-up will take time and requires funding and that it is necessary to design models according to local needs and resources. In 2023, the Department of Health and Social Care announced funding to establish a Women\u2019s Health Hub in every Integrated Care System in England.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"abs1-7\"><jats:title>Future work<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Future evaluation should consider system-level impact and costs, explore unintended consequences and test assumptions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"abs1-8\"><jats:title>Funding<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This award was funded by the National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health and Social Care Delivery Research programme (NIHR award ref: NIHR135589) and is published in full in <jats:italic>Health and Social Care Delivery Research<\/jats:italic>; Vol. 12, No. 30. See the NIHR Funding and Awards website for further award information.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3310\/jyft5036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T10:19:01Z","timestamp":1726222741000},"page":"1-138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3310\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Women\u2019s Health Hubs: a rapid mixed-methods evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3310","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4513-1026","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kelly","family":"Daniel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Services Management Centre, School of Social Policy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5671-2336","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Bousfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RAND Europe, Westbrook Centre, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8319-962X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lucy","family":"Hocking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RAND Europe, Westbrook Centre, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8492-0020","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Louise","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3559-7922","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Beck","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"6221","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2024091314560900_ref1-bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2021.0425","article-title":"Does journal content in the field of women\u2019s health represent women\u2019s burden of disease? 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