{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T02:01:27Z","timestamp":1772244087055,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.3310\/nihropenres.13517.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730764800000}},{"DOI":"10.3310\/nihropenres.13517.2","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730764800000}}],"reference-count":22,"publisher":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/doc\/open-government-licence\/version\/3\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/W02067X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/W02067X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023699","name":"Health Data Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HDRUK2022.0322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HDRUK2022.0322"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"NIHR","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NIHR200915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR200915"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["openresearch.nihr.ac.uk"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NIHR Open Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>\n                    Introduction During the COVID-19 pandemic, extensive research was conducted on SARS-CoV-2; however, important questions about other respiratory pathogens remain unanswered. A severe influenza season in 2022\u20132023 with simultaneous circulation of SARS-CoV2 and respiratory syncytial virus is anticipated. This sub-study aims to determine the incidence and impact of these respiratory viruses on healthcare workers, the symptoms they experienced, the effectiveness of both COVID-19 and influenza vaccination and the burden of these infections on the National Health Service (NHS) workforce. Methods and analysis This is a longitudinal prospective cohort sub-study, utilising the population and infrastructure of the SARS-CoV-2 Immunity &amp; Reinfection Evaluation (SIREN) study, which focuses on hospital staff in the UK. Participants undergo fortnightly nucleic acid amplification testing on a multiplex assay including SARS-CoV-2, influenza A and B and RSV, regardless of symptoms. Questionnaires are completed every two weeks, capturing symptoms, sick days, exposures, and vaccination records. Serum samples are collected monthly or quarterly from participants associated with a SIREN site. This sub-study commenced on 28\/11\/22 to align with the predicted influenza season and participants\u2019 influenza vaccine status. The SIREN Participant Involvement Panel shaped the aims and methods for the study, highlighting its acceptability. UK devolved administrations were supported to develop local protocols. Analysis plans include incidence of asymptomatic and symptomatic infection, comparisons of vaccination coverage, assessment of sick day burden, and effectiveness of seasonal influenza against infection and time off work. Data are also integrated into UKHSA nosocomial modelling. Ethics and dissemination The protocol was approved by the Berkshire Research Ethics Committee (IRAS ID 284460, REC Reference 20SC0230) on 14\/11\/2022. Participants were informed in advance. As the frequency and method of sampling remained the same, implied consent processes were approved by the committee. Participants returning to the study give informed consent. Regular reports to advisory groups and peer-reviewed publications are planned to disseminate findings and inform decision making. Clinical trial registration number: ISRCTN11041050; registration date: 12 January 2021.\n                    <ns3:bold>Sub study included in protocol version: v8.0, and amended in v9.0<\/ns3:bold>\n                  <\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.3310\/nihropenres.13517.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T12:00:06Z","timestamp":1730808006000},"page":"1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3310\/nihropenres.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Adapting COVID-19 research infrastructure to capture influenza and respiratory syncytial virus alongside SARS-CoV-2 in UK healthcare workers winter 2022\/23 and beyond: protocol for a pragmatic sub-study"],"prefix":"10.3310","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4710-2904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Broad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominic","family":"Sparkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Platt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Howells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7241-6345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Foulkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jameel","family":"Khawam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Conall","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Hopkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8744-4277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"SIREN study team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"6221","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513-1536","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02796-3","article-title":"Estimating excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic analysis of COVID-19-related mortality, 2020\u201321.","volume":"399","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"ref-2","article-title":"COVID-19 Response: Living with COVID-19.","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.02.10.23285756","article-title":"Defining the burden of disease of RSV in Europe: estimates of RSV-associated hospitalisations in children under 5 years of age. 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The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. This work was also funded by the UKHSA, Public Health Wales, Public Health Scotland, Public Health Agency Northern Ireland, and a grant from HDR-UK (HDRUK2022.0322) and MRC (MR\/W02067X\/1). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":3,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This open access work is licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}