{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T08:13:02Z","timestamp":1773043982821,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.3310\/nihropenres.13543.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729641600000}}],"reference-count":31,"publisher":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729641600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DF-R8-NIHR303043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DF-R8-NIHR303043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["openresearch.nihr.ac.uk"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NIHR Open Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>\n                    Background Routine group and save (G&amp;S) testing is frequently performed prior to cholecystectomy, despite growing evidence that a targeted approach is safe and avoids unnecessary investigations. This retrospective cohort study explored frequency of testing in our unit, rates of peri-operative blood transfusion and pre-operative risk factors for requiring transfusion. Methods Health records of 453 consecutive adults who underwent cholecystectomy in a UK NHS trust were reviewed for blood transfusion up to 30 days post-operatively. We compared the need for transfusion against patient demographics, indication and urgency of surgery, and the number of prior emergency hospital attendances with gallstone complications. Logistic regression determined whether prior attendances with complications of gallstones independently predicted the need for transfusion. Results Peri-operative blood transfusions within 30 days of operation occurred in 1.1% of cases, with no requirement for uncrossmatched blood. Patients who received a blood transfusion tended to have higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grades (\n                    <ns3:italic>p<\/ns3:italic>\n                    = 0.017), were more likely to have an underlying primary haematological malignancy (20.0% vs. 0.2%;\n                    <ns3:italic>p<\/ns3:italic>\n                    = 0.022) and prior emergency hospital attendances with gallstone complications (median 4 vs. 1;\n                    <ns3:italic>p<\/ns3:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001). Logistic regression showed each prior emergency attendance was associated with 4.6-fold odds of transfusion (\n                    <ns3:italic>p<\/ns3:italic>\n                    = 0.019). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.92. Three or more attendances predicted need for transfusion with 60.0% sensitivity and 98.0% specificity. 74% of patients had at least one G&amp;S sample taken pre-operatively, costing the trust approximately \u00a33,800 per year in materials. Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that pre-operative G&amp;S testing prior to cholecystectomy is not routinely required. Increased frequency of prior emergency hospital attendances with gallstone complications and co-morbidities associated with coagulopathies were pre-operative risk factors for post-operative blood transfusion. More selective testing could provide large financial savings for health institutions without compromising patient safety.\n                  <\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.3310\/nihropenres.13543.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T10:55:08Z","timestamp":1729680908000},"page":"17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3310\/nihropenres.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Assessment of routine pre-operative group and save testing in patients undergoing cholecystectomy: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3310","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Lawrence","family":"O'Leary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7539-3676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William B","family":"Sherwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3305-4270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael G","family":"Fadel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Musa","family":"Barkeji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"6221","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2205-2216","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-022-02600-x","article-title":"Requirement of preoperative blood typing for cholecystectomy and appendectomy: a systematic review.","volume":"407","author":"M Fadel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322-5","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.2018.0033","article-title":"Routine blood group and antibody 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status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.3310\/nihropenres.14935.r33248, Yulia Lin, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, 25 Oct 2024, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/openresearch.nihr.ac.uk\/articles\/4-17\/v2#referee-response-33248","order":0,"name":"referee-response-33248","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.3310\/nihropenres.14935.r33247, Raimundas Lunevicius, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust,, Lower Lane, Liverpool L9, 28 Oct 2024, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/openresearch.nihr.ac.uk\/articles\/4-17\/v2#referee-response-33247","order":1,"name":"referee-response-33247","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"MGF is funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) under a Doctoral Fellowship award (DF-R8-NIHR303043).The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}