{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T23:27:02Z","timestamp":1791070022522,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000664","name":"Health Technology Assessment programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR135894"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR135894"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000664","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Health Technol Assess"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"abs1-1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Heart failure is a clinical syndrome caused by any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the heart\u2019s ability to function efficiently and pump blood around the body. Function can also be monitored using cardiac implantable electronic devices, some of which may also deliver a therapeutic benefit (e.g. pacemakers), while others only monitor metrics over time.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Implantable devices can include algorithms that aim to predict the occurrence of a heart failure event. They are intended to be used alongside clinical judgement and make treatment decisions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"abs1-2\"><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To determine the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the four remote monitoring algorithms (CorVue, HeartInsight, HeartLogic and TriageHF) for detecting heart failure in people with cardiac implantable electronic devices.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"abs1-3\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We performed systematic reviews of clinical, cost-effectiveness, quality of life and cost outcomes. We searched MEDLINE and other sources of published and unpublished literature, including manufacturers\u2019 websites and Clinical Trials Registries between June and August 2023. For the clinical effectiveness review, study selection was completed by two independent reviewers at both title and abstract, and full-text screening stages. Data extraction and study quality appraisal were completed by a single reviewer and checked for accuracy by a second. Due to heterogeneity, no statistical analyses were performed, and a narrative synthesis was reported.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>A de novo two-state Markov model (with alive and dead states) was used to estimate the cost-effectiveness of algorithm-based remote monitoring of heart failure risk data in people with cardiac implantable electronic devices over a lifetime.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"abs1-4\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There was reasonable evidence to suggest HeartLogic and TriageHF can accurately predict heart failure events. CorVue\u2019s prognostic accuracy is less clear due to high heterogeneity in findings between studies. There was only a single published HeartInsight study, which suggested similar accuracy to the other algorithms.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Cost-effectiveness estimates could only be produced for HeartLogic and TriageHF, which were less costly and more effective compared to the respective cardiac implantable electronic device without the algorithms. For all technologies, only a small reduction in hospitalisation rates were required for them to be cost-effective.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"abs1-5\"><jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The evidence for each algorithm was limited in terms of comparative evidence. Additionally, available evidence was often of low quality. The comparative outcome evidence for economic model was very limited.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"abs1-6\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There was a lack of comparative evidence across all technologies included in the scope. Evidence for HeartLogic and TriageHF suggests that they may have acceptable prognostic accuracy for predicting heart failure events. However, further evidence is required to confirm these results. Specifically, further comparative evidence (e.g. randomised controlled trials) is required to show the benefit of the algorithms compared to standard practice in intermediate and clinical outcomes. For example, some studies suggested high false positive rates and low sensitivity. Only a single published study was identified for HeartInsight, therefore there are insufficient data to draw conclusions on prognostic accuracy and the benefits on clinical and intermediate outcomes. It is likely remote monitoring systems for CorVue, HeartInsight, HeartLogic and TriageHF would be cost-effective were they to result in fewer hospitalisations in heart failure patients; however, in general, this may apply to any device lowering the hospital visit. In addition, any potential benefits of reduced hospitalisation need to be carefully balanced with chances of overtreatment resulting from alerts.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"abs1-7\"><jats:title>Future work<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Prospective studies on effectiveness of remote monitoring as well as consideration of patient voice and preferences would facilitate a more complete evaluation of technology benefits.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"abs1-8\"><jats:title>Study registration<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42023447089.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"abs1-9\"><jats:title>Funding<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This award was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Evidence Synthesis programme (NIHR award ref: NIHR135894) and is published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 29, No. 50. See the NIHR Funding and Awards website for further award information.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3310\/ppoh2916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T06:25:31Z","timestamp":1760768731000},"page":"1-160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3310\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Algorithm-based remote monitoring of heart failure risk data in people with cardiac implantable electronic devices: a systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis"],"prefix":"10.3310","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9743-4259","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ryan","family":"Kenny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence Synthesis Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1894-2499","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nawaraj","family":"Bhattarai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6654-7178","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicole","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence Synthesis Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0431-4771","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sonia Garcia","family":"Gonzalez-Moral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence Synthesis Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0107-711X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hannah","family":"O\u2019Keefe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence Synthesis Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9448-2685","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sedighe","family":"Hosseini-Jebeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9332-6605","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nick","family":"Meader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence Synthesis Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6767-0813","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stephen","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"6221","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref1-bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368","article-title":"2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC","volume":"42","author":"McDonagh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref2-bib2","volume-title":"Heart Failure","author":"British Heart Foundation","year":"2022"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref4-bib4","volume-title":"Managing Heart Failure @home: An Opportunity for Excellence","author":"Linker","year":"2022"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref6-bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.566","article-title":"European society of cardiology heart failure long-term registry (ESC-HF-LT): 1-year follow-up outcomes and differences across regions","volume":"18","author":"Crespo-Leiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref7-bib7","volume-title":"Hospital Admitted Patient Care Activity, 2018-2019","author":"NHS Digital","year":"2019"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref8-bib8","volume-title":"Hospital Admitted Patient Care Activity, 2021-2022","author":"NHS Digital","year":"2022"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref9-bib9","volume-title":"Focus on Heart Failure: 10 Recommendations to Improve Care and Transform Lives","author":"British Heart Foundation","year":"2016"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref11-bib11","volume-title":"Clinical Standards and Guidelines for the Follow Up of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices (CIEDs) for Cardiac Rhythm Management","author":"British Heart Rhythm Society","year":"2022"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref14-bib14","volume-title":"LATITUDE NXT Patient Management System for Monitoring Cardiac Devices at Home","author":"National Institute of Health and Care Excellence","year":"2016"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref16-bib16","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy","author":"Spijker","year":"2023"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref17-bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1524","article-title":"Searching for medical devices \u2013 practical guidance","volume":"13","author":"Cooper","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref18-bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1080\/17434440.2021.2018298","article-title":"Remote monitoring of implantable electronic devices to predict heart failure decompensation","volume":"18","author":"Brasca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev Med Devices"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref19-bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.3390\/s21041361","article-title":"Early detection of fluid retention in patients with advanced heart failure: a review of a novel multisensory algorithm, HeartLogic(TM)","volume":"21","author":"Feijen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref20-bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1080\/17434440.2022.2038133","article-title":"Heartlogic(TM): ready for prime time?","volume":"19","author":"Heggermont","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Rev Med Devices"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref21-bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.15420\/cfr.2021.35","article-title":"Clinical utility of HeartLogic, a multiparametric telemonitoring system, in heart failure","volume":"8","author":"L\u00f3pez-Azor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Card Fail Rev"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref22-bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C331","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartjsupp\/suad058","article-title":"HeartLogic\u2122: real-world data\u2014efficiency, resource consumption, and workflow optimization","volume":"25","author":"Mariani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Suppl"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref23-bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","article-title":"Rayyan\u2014a web and mobile app for systematic reviews","volume":"5","author":"Ouzzani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref24-bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W1","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-1377","article-title":"PROBAST: a tool to assess risk of bias and applicability of prediction model studies: explanation and elaboration","volume":"170","author":"Moons","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref25-bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-1376","article-title":"PROBAST: a tool to assess the risk of bias and applicability of prediction model studies","volume":"170","author":"Wolff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref26-bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i4919","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","article-title":"ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions","volume":"355","author":"Sterne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref27-bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane collaboration\u2019s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref28-bib28","article-title":"Company evidence submission - original submission received on 26th April 2023","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Evaluation of a Device-Based Remote Management Heart Failure Care Pathway on Hospitalisation and Patient Outcomes: TriageHF Plus Real-World Clinical Evaluation"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref29-bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-012-9693-2","article-title":"Feasibility of using multivector impedance to monitor pulmonary congestion in heart failure patients","volume":"35","author":"Binkley","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref30-bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2472","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht083","article-title":"Development and validation of an integrated diagnostic algorithm derived from parameters monitored in implantable devices for identifying patients at risk for heart failure hospitalization in an ambulatory setting","volume":"34","author":"Cowie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref31-bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.3390\/s22051825","article-title":"Use of CIED generated heart failure risk score (HFRS) alerts in an integrated, multi-disciplinary approach to HF management \u2013 a prospective cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Garner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref32-bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.05.015","article-title":"A novel algorithm to assess risk of heart failure exacerbation using ICD diagnostics: validation from RAFT","volume":"11","author":"Gula","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref33-bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e69","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eux206","article-title":"Risk stratification of cardiovascular and heart failure hospitalizations using integrated device diagnostics in patients with a cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator","volume":"20","author":"Burri","year":"2018","journal-title":"EP Europace"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref34-bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/CNQ.0000000000000148","article-title":"Improving clinical outcomes for patients with class III heart failure","volume":"40","author":"Shapiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care Nurs Q"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref35-bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2020.09.160","article-title":"Remote monitoring of heart failure using a device-based multisensor algorithm","volume":"26","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref36-bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2023.04.012","article-title":"Fewer worsening heart failure events with HeartLogic on top of standard care: a propensity-matched cohort analysis","volume":"29","author":"Feijen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref37-bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13252","article-title":"Clinical and economic impact of HeartLogic\u2122 compared with standard care in heart failure patients","volume":"8","author":"Treskes","year":"2021","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref38-bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0b013e3283650587","article-title":"Device monitoring of heart failure in cardiac resynchronization therapy device recipients: a single-center experience with a novel multivector impedance monitoring system","volume":"14","author":"Forleo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown)"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref39-bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.07.048","article-title":"Analysis of different device-based intrathoracic impedance vectors for detection of heart failure events (from the detect fluid early from intrathoracic impedance monitoring study)","volume":"114","author":"Heist","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref40-bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.13399","article-title":"CorVue algorithm efficacy to predict heart failure in real life: Unnecessary and potentially misleading information?","volume":"41","author":"Palfy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref41-bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A116","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.132.suppl_3.11692","article-title":"Abstract 11692: first evaluation of corvue algorithm efficacy to predict heart failure in real life: an unnecessary waste of energy?","volume":"132","author":"Palfy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref42-bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-021-01790-6","article-title":"Clinical utility of CorVue intrathoracic impedance alert with device-measured physical activity in predicting heart failure events","volume":"36","author":"Wakabayashi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref43-bib43","first-page":"538","article-title":"algorithm activation to predict heart failure in ICD patients: first real life evaluation. Wasting energy?","volume":"37","author":"Benezet Mazuecos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref44-bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23366","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of the multisensor HeartLogic algorithm for heart failure monitoring","volume":"43","author":"Santini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref45-bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2023.03.026","article-title":"Predicting all-cause mortality by means of a multisensor implantable defibrillator algorithm for heart failure monitoring","volume":"20","author":"D\u2019Onofrio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref46-bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ehab724.0712","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab724.0712","article-title":"HeartLogic algorithm for heart failure monitoring in the era of CoViD-19 pandemic and remote monitoring\/telemedicine","volume":"42","author":"Ebrille","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref47-bib47","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessment of the interest in current practice of the algorithm HeartLogic. Belgian Society of Cardiology - 41st Annual Congress","volume":"77","author":"Henry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Cardiol"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref48-bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2022.03.349","article-title":"Multiple cArdiac seNsors for mAnaGEment of heart failure (MANAGE-HF) \u2013phase I evaluation of the integration and safety of the HeartLogic multisensor algorithm in patients with heart failure","volume":"28","author":"Hernandez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref49-bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e351","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000001946","article-title":"The use of the multisensor HeartLogic algorithm for heart failure remote monitoring in patients with left ventricular assist devices","volume":"69","author":"Lerman","year":"2023","journal-title":"ASAIO J"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref50-bib50","first-page":"297","article-title":"Intervention algorithm for the heart logic device for nurse specialized in hf","volume":"21","author":"Serrano MP, Artaza JG, Vazquez DE, Perez CN, Escarbajal MF, Freire","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref51-bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ehab724.3082","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab724.3082","article-title":"Triage-HF plus: 12-month study of remote monitoring pathway for triage of heart failure risk initiated during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"42","author":"Bachtiger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref52-bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ehaa946.0817","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/ehaa946.0817","article-title":"External validation of a heart failure risk prediction model in a remote monitoring cohort submitted to cardiac resynchronization therapy","volume":"41","author":"Cardoso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref53-bib53","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Validation of a dynamic risk score for identifying risk for heart failure admission in a large real-world population of patients with cardiovascular implanted electronic devices","volume":"16","author":"Koehler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref55-bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12309","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of integrated device diagnostics for heart failure management: results of the TRIAGE-HF study","volume":"5","author":"Virani","year":"2018","journal-title":"ESC Heart Failure"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref56-bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2017.10.007","article-title":"The HeartLogic multi-sensor algorithm significantly augments the prognosis of a baseline NT-proBNP assessment for heart failure events","volume":"23","author":"Boehmer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref57-bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2020.09.128","article-title":"An individualized, alert-based Heartlogic management strategy can identify patients at risk for impending heart failure events","volume":"26","author":"Vigdor","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref58-bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2009.01.012","article-title":"Changes in intrathoracic impedance are associated with subsequent risk of hospitalizations for acute decompensated heart failure: clinical utility of implanted device monitoring without a patient alert","volume":"15","author":"Small","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref59-bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-008-9303-5","article-title":"Implantable CRT device diagnostics identify patients with increased risk for heart failure hospitalization","volume":"23","author":"Perego","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref60-bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.12.012","article-title":"The CONNECT (clinical evaluation of remote notification to reduce time to clinical decision) trial","volume":"57","author":"Crossley","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref61-bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.11.089","article-title":"Combined heart failure device diagnostics identify patients at higher risk of subsequent heart failure hospitalizations","volume":"55","author":"Whellan David","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref62-bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2009.10.009","article-title":"Superior performance of intrathoracic impedance-derived fluid index versus daily weight monitoring in heart failure patients: results of the fluid accumulation status trial (FAST)","volume":"15","author":"Abraham","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref63-bib63","volume-title":"Evaluation of Cardiac Compass With OptiVol in the Early Detection of Decompensation Events for Heart Failure","author":"Medtronic Cardiac Rhythm and Heart Failure","year":"2007"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref64-bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr120","article-title":"It makes SENSE to take a safer road","volume":"32","author":"Cleland","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref65-bib65","first-page":"107","article-title":"Triage-HF Plus: a novel device-based remote monitoring pathway to identify worsening heart failure","volume":"7","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref66-bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2010.04.005","article-title":"The MOnitoring Resynchronization dEvices and CARdiac patiEnts (MORE-CARE) study: rationale and design","volume":"160","author":"Burri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref67-bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e024526","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.024526","article-title":"Remotely monitored cardiac implantable electronic device data predict all\u2010cause and cardiovascular unplanned hospitalization","volume":"11","author":"Sammut\u2010Powell","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref68-bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-19-1143","article-title":"Evaluation of an integrated device diagnostics algorithm to risk stratify heart failure patients \u2013 results from the SCAN-HF study","volume":"84","author":"Okumura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref69-bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab160","article-title":"Remote monitoring data from cardiac implantable electronic devices predicts all-cause mortality","volume":"24","author":"Ahmed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref70-bib70","first-page":"709","article-title":"Remote heart failure management using the HeartLogic algorithm. RE-HEART registry","volume":"75","author":"de Juan Bagud\u00e1","year":"2022","journal-title":"Revista espanola de cardiologia (English ed.)"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref71-bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ehz748.1180","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz748.1180","article-title":"P2872Remote management of heart failure patients with the multisensor ICD alert: preliminary results from the Italian pilot experience","volume":"40","author":"De Ruvo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref72-bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2469","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.14416","article-title":"Performance of a multisensor implantable defibrillator algorithm for heart failure monitoring related to co-morbidities","volume":"10","author":"Santobuono","year":"2023","journal-title":"ESC Heart Failure"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref73-bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4277","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13077","article-title":"Prediction of worsening heart failure events and all-cause mortality using an individualized risk stratification strategy","volume":"7","author":"Zile","year":"2020","journal-title":"ESC Heart Failure"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref74-bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2022.10.145","article-title":"Real-world performance of Heartlogic index in prediction of heart failure events","volume":"29","author":"Wariar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref75-bib75","first-page":"261","article-title":"Impact of the remote monitoring system congestion (CorVue) of St. Jude medical\u2122 for management of heart failure patients","volume":"33","author":"Santini","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref76-bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"euac053.511","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euac053.511","article-title":"Remotely-driven management of diuretic therapy in heart failure patients with a multiparametric ICD algorithm","volume":"24","author":"Guerra","year":"2022","journal-title":"EP Europace"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref77-bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"euaa162.94","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euaa162.194","article-title":"48Remote monitoring of Heart Failure patients with a Multisensor ICD Algorithm: value of an alert-based follow-up strategy","volume":"22","author":"Pecora","year":"2020","journal-title":"EP Europace"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref78-bib78","first-page":"229","article-title":"Heart failure risk status and medical management: Insights from the TRIAGE-HF trial","volume":"18","author":"Virani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref79-bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13231","article-title":"INTERVENE-HF: feasibility study of individualized, risk stratification-based, medication intervention in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction","volume":"8","author":"Zile","year":"2021","journal-title":"ESC Heart Failure"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref80-bib80","first-page":"e008134","article-title":"Multiparametric implantable cardioverter-defibrillator algorithm for heart failure risk stratification and management: an analysis in clinical practice","volume":"14","author":"Cal\u00f2","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ: Heart Fail"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref81-bib81","first-page":"e004669","article-title":"HeartLogic Multisensor algorithm identifies patients during periods of significantly increased risk of heart failure events","volume":"11","author":"Gardner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ: Heart Fail"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref82-bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2297","article-title":"Supplement article","volume":"23","author":"Shashenkov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref83-bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ehaa946.0819","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/ehaa946.0819","article-title":"Real world experience with heart failure risk status generated by cardiac resynchronisation therapy defibrillators: high heart failure risk status incidence, causes and timing of remote transmissions","volume":"41","author":"Debski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref84-bib84","first-page":"ztab104.3092","article-title":"Performance of a multisensory implantable cardioverter-defibrillator algorithm for remote heart failure management: the RE-HEART registry","volume":"2","author":"De Juan Baguda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref85-bib85","volume-title":"Search FIlters","author":"Health Improvement Scotland SIGN","year":"2021"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref86-bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-02204-0","article-title":"Consolidated health economic evaluation reporting standards 2022 (CHEERS 2022) statement: updated reporting guidance for health economic evaluations","volume":"20","author":"Husereau","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref87-bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eut070","article-title":"Cost-consequence analysis of daily continuous remote monitoring of implantable cardiac defibrillator and resynchronization devices in the UK","volume":"15","author":"Burri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref88-bib88","first-page":"736","article-title":"Clinical and economic outcomes associated with remote monitoring for cardiac implantable electronic devices: a population-based analysis","volume":"38","author":"Chew","year":"2022","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref89-bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2023.06.003","article-title":"A cost-effectiveness analysis of remote monitoring after pacemaker implantation for bradycardia in Japan","volume":"82","author":"Kawakami","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref90-bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euaa082","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of remote monitoring of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in France: a meta-analysis and an integrated economic model derived from randomized controlled trials","volume":"22","author":"Sequeira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref91-bib91","first-page":"1","article-title":"Remote monitoring of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, cardiac resynchronization therapy and permanent pacemakers: a health technology assessment","volume":"18","author":"Health Quality Ontario","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ont Health Technol Assess Ser"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref93-bib93","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.4","author":"Higgins","year":"2023"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref94-bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.2587","article-title":"Cost-utility analysis of the EVOLVO study on remote monitoring for heart failure patients with implantable defibrillators: randomized controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Zanaboni","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref95-bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.13934","article-title":"Outcomes and costs of remote patient monitoring among patients with implanted cardiac defibrillators: an economic model based on the PREDICT RM database","volume":"30","author":"Hummel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref96-bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.09.008","article-title":"Economic analysis of remote monitoring of cardiac implantable electronic devices: results of the health economics evaluation registry for remote follow-up (TARIFF) study","volume":"14","author":"Ricci","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref97-bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu339","article-title":"EuroEco (European Health Economic Trial on Home Monitoring in ICD Patients): a provider perspective in five European countries on costs and net financial impact of follow-up with or without remote monitoring","volume":"36","author":"Heidbuchel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref98-bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.02.015","article-title":"Health care utilization and expenditures associated with remote monitoring in patients with implantable cardiac devices","volume":"117","author":"Ladapo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref99-bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euu012","article-title":"Costs of remote monitoring vs. ambulatory follow-ups of implanted cardioverter defibrillators in the randomized ECOST study","volume":"16","author":"Gu\u00e9don-Moreau","year":"2014","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref100-bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.5603\/KP.a2017.0019","article-title":"The impact of remote monitoring of implanted cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) and cardiac resynchronisation therapy device (CRT-D) patients on healthcare costs in the Silesian population: three-year follow-up","volume":"75","author":"Buchta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kardiol Pol"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref101-bib101","volume-title":"National Cost Collection for the NHS","author":"NHS England","year":"2022"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref102-bib102","article-title":"Company evidence submission - original submission received on 15th November 2023","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Association of a Device-Based Remote Management Heart Failure Care Pathway with Hospitalisation and Patient Outcomes: TriageHF Plus Real-World Clinical Evaluation"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref103-bib103","volume-title":"Decision Support Unit. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Decision Support Unit Technical Support Document 14: Survival Analysis for Economic Evaluations Along Side Clinical Trials - Extrapolation with Patient-level Data","author":"Latimer","year":"2011"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref104-bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l223","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l223","article-title":"Trends in survival after a diagnosis of heart failure in the United Kingdom 2000-2017: population based cohort study","volume":"364","author":"Taylor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref105-bib105","volume-title":"Guide to the Methods of Technology Appraisal 2013. In: Process and Methods [PMG9]","author":"National Institute of Health and Care Excellence","year":"2013"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref106-bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198526629.001.0001","volume-title":"Decision Modelling for Health Economic Evaluation","author":"Briggs","year":"2006"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref107-bib107","volume-title":"Assessment Group\u2019s Protocol - Algorithm-based Remote Monitoring of Heart Failure Risk Data in People with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices","author":"Kenny","year":"2023"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref108-bib108","volume-title":"Algorithm-based Remote Monitoring of Heart Failure Risk Data in People with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices - Final Scope","author":"National Institute of Health and Care Excellence","year":"2023"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref109-bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002096","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2022-002096","article-title":"Remote monitoring in patients with heart failure with cardiac implantable electronic devices: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"McGee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref110-bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2438","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13357","article-title":"Five-year survival and use of hospital services following ICD and CRT implantation: comparing real-world data with RCTs","volume":"8","author":"Bottle","year":"2021","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref111-bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2003.10.022","article-title":"Long-term survival after pacemaker implantation: prognostic importance of gender and baseline patient characteristics","volume":"25","author":"Brunner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref112-bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-020-00984-6","article-title":"Health state utilities of patients with heart failure: a systematic literature review","volume":"39","author":"Di Tanna","year":"2021","journal-title":"PharmacoEcon"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref113-bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2013-304598","article-title":"The cost effectiveness of ivabradine in the treatment of chronic heart failure from the U.K. National Health Service perspective","volume":"100","author":"Griffiths","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref114-bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-022-01218-7","article-title":"Estimating the relationship between EQ-5D-5L and EQ-5D-3L: results from a UK population study","volume":"41","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez Alava","year":"2023","journal-title":"PharmacoEcon"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref115-bib115","volume-title":"Estimating EQ-5D by Age and Sex for the UK","author":"National Institute of Health and Care Excellence Decision Support Unit","year":"2023"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref116-bib116","volume-title":"Unit Costs of Health and Social Care 2022 Manual","author":"Jones","year":"2023"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref117-bib117","volume-title":"2022\/23 National Tariff Payment System: National Tariff Workbook with Revised Cost Uplift Factor Following Changes in National Insurance Contributions","author":"NHS England","year":"2022"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref118-bib118","volume-title":"Precision Event Monitoring for Patients With Heart Failure Using HeartLogic","author":"Boston Scientific Corporation","year":"2018"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref119-bib119","volume-title":"HeartLogic France Study: Heart Failure Patients Managed With the HeartLogic Algorithm","author":"Garcia","year":"2020"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref120-bib120","volume-title":"Personalized Therapy Study - HFRS (TriageHF) Post Approval Study","author":"Medtronic","year":"2020"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref121-bib121","volume-title":"BIOSTREAM.HF HeartInsight NCT05761249","author":"Biotronik","year":"2023"},{"key":"key2025101811490100_ref122-bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ehac544.428","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac544.428","article-title":"Evaluation of a multisensory algorithm to prevent acute decompensation of heart failure in patients implanted with a cardioverter defibrillator: rationale and design","volume":"43","author":"Garcia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"}],"container-title":["Health Technology Assessment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/njl-admin.nihr.ac.uk\/document\/download\/2048972","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk\/sites\/journalslibrary\/files\/journal_data\/PPOH2916\/PPOH2916.xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/njl-admin.nihr.ac.uk\/document\/download\/2048972","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T06:25:53Z","timestamp":1760768753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk\/hta\/PPOH2916"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":114,"alternative-id":["10.3310\/PPOH2916"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3310\/ppoh2916","relation":{},"ISSN":["2046-4924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-4924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"This content has been made freely available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"},{"value":"06-2023","name":"contractual_start_date","label":"contractual_start_date","group":{"name":"article_history","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"02-2024","name":"editorial_review_begun","label":"editorial review begun","group":{"name":"article_history","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"07-2024","name":"accepted_for_publication","label":"Accepted for publication","group":{"name":"article_history","label":"Article History"}}]}}