{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T02:26:20Z","timestamp":1790043980168,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000664","name":"Health Technology Assessment programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15\/150\/05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15\/150\/05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000664","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Health Technol Assess"],"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>\nOveractive bladder is a common problem affecting the United\u00a0Kingdom adult female population. Symptoms include urinary urgency, with or without urgency incontinence, increased daytime urinary frequency and nocturia.<\/jats:p>\nInitial conservative treatments for overactive bladder are unsuccessful in 25\u201340% of women (refractory overactive bladder). Before considering invasive treatments, such as botulinum toxin injection-A or sacral neuromodulation, guidelines recommend urodynamics to confirm diagnosis of detrusor overactivity. However, the clinical and cost effectiveness of urodynamics has never been robustly assessed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\nObjectives<\/jats:title>\nTo compare the clinical and cost effectiveness of urodynamics plus comprehensive clinical assessment versus comprehensive clinical assessment only in the management of refractory overactive bladder in women.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\nDesign<\/jats:title>\nParallel-group, multicentre, superiority, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Allocation by remote web-based randomisation (1\u2002:\u20021 ratio). The cost-effectiveness analysis took the National Health Service perspective with a model-based lifetime time horizon, as informed by a within-trial analysis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\nSetting<\/jats:title>\nSixty-three United\u00a0Kingdom secondary and tertiary hospitals.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\nParticipants<\/jats:title>\nWomen aged\u2005\u2265\u200518 years with refractory overactive bladder or urgency-predominant mixed urinary incontinence who had failed conservative management and pharmacological treatment and were being considered for invasive treatment. Women were excluded if any of the following criteria were met: predominant stress urinary incontinence; previous urodynamics in last 12 months; current pelvic malignancy or clinically significant pelvic mass; bladder pain syndrome; neurogenic bladder; urogenital fistulae; previous treatment with botulinum toxin injection-A or sacral neuromodulation for urinary incontinence; previous pelvic radiotherapy; prolapse beyond introitus; pregnant or planning pregnancy; recurrent urinary tract infection where a significant pathology has not been excluded; and inability to give an informed consent.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\nInterventions<\/jats:title>\nUrodynamics plus comprehensive clinical assessment (urodynamics arm) versus comprehensive clinical assessment only.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\nMain outcome measures<\/jats:title>\nParticipant-reported success at the last follow-up time point as measured by the Patient Global Impression of Improvement. Primary economic outcome was incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained as modelled over the lifetime of participants.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\nResults<\/jats:title>\nA total of 1099 participants were included: 550 randomised to the urodynamics arm and 549 to the comprehensive clinical assessment only arm. At the final follow-up time point, participant-reported success rates of \u2018very much improved\u2019 and \u2018much improved\u2019 were not superior in the urodynamics arm (117 participants; 23.6%) compared\u00a0to the comprehensive clinical assessment only arm (114 participants; 22.7%) [adjusted odds ratio 1.12 (95% confidence interval 0.73 to 1.74); p<\/jats:italic>\u2005=\u20050.601]. Serious adverse events were low and similar between groups.<\/jats:p>\nBased on the estimated incremental costs and quality-adjusted life-years of urodynamics (\u00a3463 and 0.011, respectively), the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was \u00a342,643 per quality-adjusted life-year gained. The cost-effectiveness acceptability curve shows that urodynamics has a 34% probability of being cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay threshold of \u00a320,000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained. This probability reduced further when the results were extrapolated over the patient\u2019s lifetime. Limitations include: only short-term outcomes were available, and as most participants underwent botulinum toxin injection-A treatment, pre-planned secondary analyses for some outcomes such as sacral neuromodulation were not possible.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\nConclusion<\/jats:title>\nParticipant-reported success in the urodynamics arm was not superior to the comprehensive clinical assessment only arm at 15-months follow-up. Urodynamics is not cost-effective at a\u00a0threshold of \u00a320,000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained. Longer-term follow-up is required to explore need for further interventions and treatments and their effect on the clinical and cost-effectiveness analyses.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\nTrial registration<\/jats:title>\nThis trial is registered as ISRCTN63268739.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\nFunding<\/jats:title>\nThis award was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme (NIHR award ref: 15\/150\/05) and is published in full in Health Technology Assessment<\/jats:italic> Vol. 29, No. 27. See the NIHR Funding and Awards website for further award information.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3310\/ukyw4923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T08:23:41Z","timestamp":1751876621000},"page":"1-139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3310\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Invasive urodynamic investigations in the management of women with refractory overactive bladder symptoms: FUTURE, a superiority RCT and economic evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3310","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8290-0613","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Abdel-Fattah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aberdeen Centre For Women's Health Research, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2960-9931","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christopher","family":"Chapple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9950-7079","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Suzanne","family":"Breeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aberdeen Centre For Women's Health Research, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9361-4399","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aberdeen Centre For Women's Health Research, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8054-8073","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Helen","family":"Bell-Gorrod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5356-6978","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Preksha","family":"Kuppanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Bristol NHS Trust\/University of the West of England, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9591-059X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Karen","family":"Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7394-7009","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Simon","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6921-2712","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nikki","family":"Cotterill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Bristol NHS Trust\/University of the West of England, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8626-4810","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Karen","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2467-407X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hashim","family":"Hashim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Bristol NHS Trust\/University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7164-1794","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ash","family":"Monga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2344-1020","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Karen","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6230-2552","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marcus","family":"Drake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Bristol NHS Trust\/University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5546-357X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew","family":"Gammie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8305-8731","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alyaa","family":"Mostafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aberdeen Centre For Women's Health Research, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8508-1206","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Bruce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aberdeen Centre For Women's Health Research, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9518-9296","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Victoria","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aberdeen Centre For Women's Health Research, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1527-4220","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christine","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aberdeen Centre For Women's Health Research, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5655-4613","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Suzanne","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bladder Health UK, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1039-5646","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Graeme","family":"MacLennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aberdeen Centre For Women's Health Research, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9823-9252","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John","family":"Norrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"6221","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref1-bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-021-05661-3","article-title":"Female Urgency, Trial of Urodynamics as Routine Evaluation (FUTURE study): a superiority randomised clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of invasive urodynamic investigations in management of women with refractory overactive bladder symptoms","volume":"22","author":"Abdel-Fattah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref2-bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20798","article-title":"An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)\/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction","volume":"29","author":"Haylen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref4-bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.10052","article-title":"The standardisation of terminology of lower urinary tract function: report from the Standardisation Sub-committee of the International Continence Society","volume":"21","author":"Abrams","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref5-bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(97)00578-5","article-title":"Definition of overactive bladder and epidemiology of urinary incontinence","volume":"50","author":"Hampel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref6-bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00232-8","article-title":"A community-based epidemiological survey of female urinary incontinence: the Norwegian EPINCONT Study. Epidemiology of Incontinence in the County of Nord-Trondelag","volume":"53","author":"Hannestad","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref7-bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/22.3.427","article-title":"An epidemiological study to establish the prevalence of urinary symptoms and felt need in the community: the Leicestershire MRC Incontinence Study. Leicestershire MRC Incontinence Study Team","volume":"22","author":"Perry","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Public Health Med"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref8-bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.08.031","article-title":"Global prevalence and economic burden of urgency urinary incontinence: a systematic review","volume":"65","author":"Milsom","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref9-bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-015-2888-1","article-title":"Epidemiology of mixed, stress, and urgency urinary incontinence in middle-aged\/older women: the importance of incontinence history","volume":"27","author":"Komesu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref10-bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2010.09993.x","article-title":"Worldwide prevalence estimates of lower urinary tract symptoms, overactive bladder, urinary incontinence and bladder outlet obstruction","volume":"108","author":"Irwin","year":"2011","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref11-bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2490-13-27","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence and remission of urinary incontinence in women: longitudinal data from the Norwegian HUNT study (EPINCONT)","volume":"13","author":"Ebbesen","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref12-bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2009.01.007","article-title":"A longitudinal population-based survey of urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, and other lower urinary tract symptoms in women","volume":"55","author":"Wennberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref13-bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2014.01.009","article-title":"Disease stigma and intentions to seek care for stress urinary incontinence among community-dwelling women","volume":"77","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref14-bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000186","article-title":"Urinary incontinence, depression, and economic outcomes in a cohort of women between the ages of 54 and 65 years","volume":"123","author":"Hung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref15-bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2015.1033682","article-title":"Health-related quality of life and mental health in older women with urinary incontinence","volume":"20","author":"Kwak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref16-bib16","first-page":"149","article-title":"Urinary incontinence and depression in middle-aged United States women","volume":"101","author":"Nygaard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref17-bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50170.x","article-title":"Informal caregiving time and costs for urinary incontinence in older individuals in the United States","volume":"50","author":"Langa","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref18-bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.297.6657.1187","article-title":"Distress and delay associated with urinary incontinence, frequency, and urgency in women","volume":"297","author":"Norton","year":"1988","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref19-bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410x.2004.04806.x","article-title":"The cost of clinically significant urinary storage symptoms for community dwelling adults in the UK","volume":"93","author":"Turner","year":"2004","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref20-bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1067\/S0002-9378(03)00598-2","article-title":"Burden of stress urinary incontinence for community-dwelling women","volume":"189","author":"Fultz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref21-bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31816a1e12","article-title":"High costs of urinary incontinence among women electing surgery to treat stress incontinence","volume":"111","author":"Subak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref22-bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.09.050","article-title":"Describing bladder storage function: overactive bladder syndrome and detrusor overactivity","volume":"62","author":"Abrams","year":"2003","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref23-bib23","first-page":"S7","article-title":"Pathophysiology of overactive bladder and urge urinary incontinence","volume":"4","author":"Steers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Urol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref24-bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200363230-00003","article-title":"CNS involvement in overactive bladder: pathophysiology and opportunities for pharmacological intervention","volume":"63","author":"Andersson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref26-bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)00348-4","article-title":"The international consultation on incontinence modular questionnaire:","volume":"175","author":"Abrams","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref27-bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00451721","article-title":"Health-related quality of life measures for women with urinary incontinence: the incontinence impact questionnaire and the urogenital distress inventory","volume":"3","author":"Shumaker","year":"1994","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref28-bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.1930140206","article-title":"Short forms to assess life quality and symptom distress for urinary incontinence in women: the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire and the Urogenital Distress Inventory. Continence Program for Women Research Group","volume":"14","author":"Uebersax","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref29-bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1997.tb11006.x","article-title":"A new questionnaire to assess the quality of life of urinary incontinent women","volume":"104","author":"Kelleher","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref30-bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-003-1063-2","article-title":"A short form of the pelvic organ prolapse\/urinary incontinence sexual questionnaire (PISQ-12)","volume":"14","author":"Rogers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref31-bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-012-2020-8","article-title":"A new measure of sexual function in women with pelvic floor disorders (PFD): the pelvic organ prolapse\/incontinence sexual questionnaire, IUGA-revised (PISQ-IR)","volume":"24","author":"Rogers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref32-bib32","volume-title":"Epidemiology of Urinary Incontinence (UI) and Other Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS), Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) and Anal Incontinence (AI). Incontinence","author":"Abrams","year":"2016"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref33-bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20027","article-title":"Voiding diary for the evaluation of urinary incontinence and lower urinary tract symptoms: prospective assessment of patient compliance and burden","volume":"23","author":"Ku","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref34-bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00004021","article-title":"Reproducibility of the seven-day voiding diary in women with stress urinary incontinence","volume":"11","author":"Nygaard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref35-bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euros.2022.08.013","article-title":"Randomised controlled trials assessing the clinical value of urodynamic studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Bodmer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Urol Open Sci"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref36-bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-9056(10)60682-3","article-title":"Does pressure flow study improve the outcome of surgery in women with SUI?","volume":"9","author":"Romero","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Urol Suppl"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref37-bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1113595","article-title":"A randomized trial of urodynamic testing before stress-incontinence surgery","volume":"366","author":"Nager","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref38-bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22230","article-title":"Can preoperative urodynamic investigation be omitted in women with stress urinary incontinence? A non-inferiority randomized controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"van Leijsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref39-bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.05.006","article-title":"Evaluation and classification of stress urinary incontinence: current concepts and future directions","volume":"2","author":"Osman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Urol Focus"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref40-bib40","volume-title":"Abernathy\u2019s Surgical Secrets","author":"Pessoa","year":"2018"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref41-bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-1591.102710","article-title":"Correlation between voiding dysfunction symptoms and uroflowmetry in women suffering from stress urinary incontinence","volume":"28","author":"Hubeaux","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Urol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref42-bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1988.10720232","article-title":"Gynecologic-obstetric changes after loss of massive excess weight following bariatric surgery","volume":"7","author":"Deitel","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref43-bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0806375","article-title":"Weight loss to treat urinary incontinence in overweight and obese women","volume":"360","author":"Subak","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref44-bib44","first-page":"CD005654","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women","volume":"10","author":"Dumoulin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref45-bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1159\/000072327","article-title":"Biofeedback and pelvic floor exercises for the rehabilitation of urinary stress incontinence","volume":"56","author":"Aksac","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref46-bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m3719","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3719","article-title":"Effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training with and without electromyographic biofeedback for urinary incontinence in women: multicentre randomised controlled trial","volume":"371","author":"Hagen","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref47-bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2015.10.009","article-title":"Anticholinergic burden is associated with recurrent and injurious falls in older individuals","volume":"84","author":"Zia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref48-bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.09.008","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of the overactive bladder","volume":"62","author":"Wein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref49-bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.03.028","article-title":"Refractory idiopathic urge urinary incontinence and botulinum A injection","volume":"180","author":"Brubaker","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref50-bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.21021","article-title":"Urodynamic results and clinical outcomes with intradetrusor injections of onabotulinumtoxinA in a randomized, placebo-controlled dose-finding study in idiopathic overactive bladder","volume":"30","author":"Rovner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref51-bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.04.001","article-title":"OnabotulinumtoxinA 100 U significantly improves all idiopathic overactive bladder symptoms and quality of life in patients with overactive bladder and urinary incontinence: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"64","author":"Chapple","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref52-bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta20070","article-title":"Bladder ultrasonography for diagnosing detrusor overactivity: test accuracy study and economic evaluation","volume":"20","author":"Rachaneni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref53-bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)68558-8","article-title":"Sacral nerve stimulation for treatment of refractory urinary urge incontinence. Sacral Nerve Stimulation Study Group","volume":"162","author":"Schmidt","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref54-bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(00)00597-5","article-title":"Long-term results of a multicenter study on sacral nerve stimulation for treatment of urinary urge incontinence, urgency-frequency, and retention","volume":"56","author":"Siegel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref55-bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)67558-1","article-title":"Sacral neuromodulation in the treatment of urgency-frequency symptoms: a multicenter study on efficacy and safety","volume":"163","author":"Hassouna","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref56-bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2007.07258.x","article-title":"Urodynamic evaluation of sacral neuromodulation for urge urinary incontinence","volume":"101","author":"Groenendijk","year":"2008","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref57-bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2012.11282.x","article-title":"Long-term outcome of the use of intravesical botulinum toxin for the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB)","volume":"111","author":"Mohee","year":"2013","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref58-bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-016-1862-y","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of intravesical botulinum toxin-A injections in women with idiopathic overactive bladder symptoms","volume":"35","author":"Marcelissen","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref59-bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2010.09905.x","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of sacral neuromodulation and botulinum toxin A treatment for patients with idiopathic overactive bladder","volume":"108","author":"Leong","year":"2011","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref60-bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2003.02081.x","article-title":"Reproducibility and reliability of pressure flow parameters in women","volume":"110","author":"Digesu","year":"2003","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref61-bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2009.08427.x","article-title":"The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in the USA, the UK and Sweden: results from the Epidemiology of LUTS (EpiLUTS) study","volume":"104","author":"Coyne","year":"2009","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref62-bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2000.01627.x","article-title":"Patient satisfaction with urodynamics: a qualitative study","volume":"32","author":"Shaw","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref63-bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000125144.82338.0c","article-title":"Patient experience with a urodynamic study: a prospective study in 208 patients","volume":"171","author":"Ku","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref64-bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.09.019","article-title":"Population-based survey of urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, and other lower urinary tract symptoms in five countries: results of the EPIC study","volume":"50","author":"Irwin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref65-bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20530","article-title":"Mixed urinary symptoms: what are the urodynamic findings?","volume":"27","author":"Digesu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref66-bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3810\/pgm.2014.03.2751","article-title":"Etiology, evaluation, and management of nocturia in elderly men and women","volume":"126","author":"Mobley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref67-bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2008.08.485","article-title":"Treatment with solifenacin increases warning time and improves symptoms of overactive bladder: results from VENUS, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"73","author":"Karram","year":"2009","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref68-bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01901525","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of urodynamic investigations prior to conservative treatment of urinary incontinence in the female","volume":"6","author":"Ramsay","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref69-bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23124","article-title":"International Continence Society good urodynamic practices and terms 2016: urodynamics, uroflowmetry, cystometry, and pressure-flow study","volume":"36","author":"Rosier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref70-bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2011.10.028","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of low doses of onabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of refractory idiopathic overactive bladder: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled dose-ranging study","volume":"61","author":"Denys","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref71-bib71","volume-title":"Power Calculator for Binary Outcome Superiority Trial","author":"Sealed Envelope Ltd","year":"2012"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref72-bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/24.1.39","article-title":"Sample size calculations for randomized controlled trials","volume":"24","author":"Wittes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref74-bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2022.07.005","article-title":"Quality-adjusted life expectancy norms for the English population","volume":"26","author":"McNamara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref75-bib75","volume-title":"NICE Health Technology Evaluations: The Manual","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence","year":"2023"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref76-bib76","volume-title":"Position Statement on Use of the EQ-5D-5L Value Set for England","author":"National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence","year":"2019"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref77-bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X1801800207","article-title":"Eq5Dmap: a command for mapping between EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L","volume":"18","author":"Hernandez-Alava","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stata J"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref78-bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2015.02.001","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis alongside clinical trials II: an ISPOR good research practices task force report","volume":"18","author":"Ramsey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref79-bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.944","article-title":"Estimating mean QALYs in trial-based cost-effectiveness analysis: the importance of controlling for baseline utility","volume":"14","author":"Manca","year":"2005","journal-title":"Health Econ"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref80-bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-014-0193-3","article-title":"A guide to handling missing data in cost-effectiveness analysis conducted within randomised controlled trials","volume":"32","author":"Faria","year":"2014","journal-title":"PharmacoEconomics"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref81-bib81","volume-title":"Economic Evaluation in Clinical Trials","author":"Glick","year":"2007"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref82-bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2015.02.005","article-title":"Clinical trials provide essential evidence, but rarely offer a vehicle for cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"18","author":"Sculpher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref83-bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X07312724","article-title":"The half-life of truth: what are appropriate time horizons for research decisions?","volume":"28","author":"Philips","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref84-bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-11-200","article-title":"Estimating EQ-5D and OAB-5D health state utilities for patients with overactive bladder","volume":"11","author":"Desroziers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref85-bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2011.12.003","article-title":"Condition-specific preference-based measures: benefit or burden?","volume":"15","author":"Versteegh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref86-bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.2217\/cer-2022-0160","article-title":"Healthcare and economic burden of anticholinergic use in adults with overactive bladder: a systematic literature review","volume":"11","author":"Duperrouzel","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Comp Eff Res"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref87-bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2008.08036.x","article-title":"The economic impact of overactive bladder syndrome in six western countries","volume":"103","author":"Irwin","year":"2009","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref88-bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.18295\/2075-0528.2688","article-title":"Qualitative research and its uses in health care","volume":"8","author":"Al-Busaidi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref89-bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002889","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-002889","article-title":"What can qualitative research do for randomised controlled trials? A systematic mapping review","volume":"3","author":"O\u2019Cathain","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref90-bib90","first-page":"1408","article-title":"Are we there yet? Data saturation in qualitative research","volume":"20","author":"Fusch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Qual Rep"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref91-bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1002\/jac5.1441","article-title":"Research and scholarly methods: semi-structured interviews","volume":"4","author":"Adeoye-Olatunde","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Clin Pharm"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref92-bib92","first-page":"3351","article-title":"Doing a thematic analysis: a practical, step-by-step guide for learning and teaching scholars","volume":"9","author":"Maguire","year":"2017","journal-title":"All Ireland J High Educ"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref93-bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref94-bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1609406917733847","article-title":"Thematic analysis: striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria","volume":"16","author":"Nowell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Qual Methods"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref95-bib95","volume-title":"Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Women: Management","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref96-bib96","first-page":"85","article-title":"Women\u2019s experiences with urodynamic testing for urinary incontinence: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med Reconstruct Surg"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref97-bib97","first-page":"687","article-title":"Women\u2019s experiences of two types of urodynamic investigation: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"114","author":"Tincello","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref98-bib98","volume-title":"Campbell-Walsh Urology","author":"Wyman","year":"2014"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref99-bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23978","article-title":"Is the value of urodynamics undermined by poor technique?: ICI-RS 2018","volume":"38","author":"Gammie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref100-bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24337","article-title":"Quality control of uroflowmetry and urodynamic data from two large multicenter studies of male lower urinary tract symptoms","volume":"39","author":"Aiello","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref101-bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22546","article-title":"International Continence Society guidelines on urodynamic equipment performance","volume":"33","author":"Gammie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref102-bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2011.12.056","article-title":"Botulinum toxin A versus placebo for refractory detrusor overactivity in women: a randomised blinded placebo-controlled trial of 240 women (the RELAX study)","volume":"62","author":"Tincello","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref103-bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)64540-5","article-title":"Quality of life assessment in men and women with urinary incontinence","volume":"168","author":"Corcos","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref104-bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-004-1123-2","article-title":"Comparison of the ICIQ-SF and 24-hour pad test with other measures for evaluating the severity of urodynamic stress incontinence","volume":"15","author":"Karantanis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref105-bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.379","article-title":"Validation of two global impression questionnaires for incontinence","volume":"189","author":"Yalcin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref106-bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2111815","article-title":"Single-incision mini-slings for stress urinary incontinence in women","volume":"386","author":"Abdel-Fattah","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref107-bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.08.054","article-title":"Tension-free vaginal tape-obturator for treatment of pure urodynamic stress urinary incontinence: efficacy and adverse effects at 10-year follow-up","volume":"71","author":"Serati","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref108-bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2016.05.036","article-title":"Ten-year followup after tension-free vaginal tape-obturator procedure for stress urinary incontinence","volume":"196","author":"Ulrich","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref109-bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-015-2840-4","article-title":"Discrepancies between patient-reported outcome measures when assessing urinary incontinence or pelvic-prolapse surgery","volume":"27","author":"Larsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref110-bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-015-2929-9","article-title":"Patient reported outcome measures after incontinence and prolapse surgery: are the pictures painted by the ICIQ and PGI-I accurate?","volume":"27","author":"Cartwright","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref111-bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22533","article-title":"The minimum important difference for the international consultation on incontinence questionnaire \u2013 urinary incontinence short form in women with stress urinary incontinence","volume":"34","author":"Sirls","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref112-bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22657","article-title":"ICIQ symptom and quality of life instruments measure clinically relevant improvements in women with stress urinary incontinence","volume":"34","author":"Nystrom","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref113-bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.12.022","article-title":"OnabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of patients with overactive bladder and urinary incontinence: results of a phase 3, randomized, placebo controlled trial","volume":"189","author":"Nitti","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref114-bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-020-01089-6","article-title":"A four-step strategy for handling missing outcome data in randomised trials affected by a pandemic","volume":"20","author":"Cro","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref115-bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0160351","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160351","article-title":"Testing and treating women after unsuccessful conservative treatments for overactive bladder or mixed urinary incontinence: a model-based economic evaluation based on the BUS study","volume":"11","author":"Goranitis","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref116-bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s40814-018-0255-y","article-title":"INVESTIGATE-I studies group Invasive urodynamic testing prior to surgical treatment for stress urinary incontinence in women: cost-effectiveness and value of information analyses in the context of a mixed methods feasibility study","volume":"4","author":"Homer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pilot Feasibil Stud"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref117-bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta19150","article-title":"INVESTIGATE-I (INVasive Evaluation before Surgical Treatment of Incontinence Gives Added Therapeutic Effect?): a mixed-methods study to assess the feasibility of a future randomised controlled trial of invasive urodynamic testing prior to surgery for stress urinary incontinence in women","volume":"19","author":"Hilton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref118-bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2010.08.006","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of sacral neuromodulation compared to botulinum neurotoxin a or continued medical management in refractory overactive bladder","volume":"14","author":"Arlandis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref119-bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.08.085","article-title":"Cost of neuromodulation therapies for overactive bladder: percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation versus sacral nerve stimulation","volume":"189","author":"Martinson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref120-bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12972","article-title":"The cost-effectiveness of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) for the treatment of idiopathic medically refractory overactive bladder (wet) in the UK","volume":"116","author":"Autiero","year":"2015","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref121-bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.2711","article-title":"Economic evaluation of sacral neuromodulation in overactive bladder: a Canadian perspective","volume":"9","author":"Hassouna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can Urol Assoc J"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref122-bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.2217\/cer-2018-0079","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of overactive bladder treatments: from the US payer perspective","volume":"8","author":"Murray","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Comp Eff Res"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref123-bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta23140","article-title":"Surgical treatments for women with stress urinary incontinence: the ESTER systematic review and economic evaluation","volume":"23","author":"Brazzelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref124-bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.11.013","article-title":"Does pre-operative urodynamics lead to better outcomes in management of urinary incontinence in women? A linked systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"244","author":"Lor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref125-bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2017.07.010","article-title":"Five-year followup results of a prospective, multicenter study of patients with overactive bladder treated with sacral neuromodulation","volume":"199","author":"Siegel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref126-bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12571","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of sacral neuromodulation for lower urinary tract dysfunction","volume":"113","author":"Peeters","year":"2014","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref127-bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.06.142","article-title":"Long-term results of sacral neuromodulation with the tined lead procedure","volume":"184","author":"Marcelissen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref128-bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.02.011","article-title":"Two-year outcomes of sacral neuromodulation versus OnabotulinumtoxinA for refractory urgency urinary incontinence: a randomized trial","volume":"74","author":"Amundsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref129-bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.11.011","article-title":"Sacral neuromodulation for refractory lower urinary tract dysfunction: results of a nationwide registry in Switzerland","volume":"51","author":"Kessler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref130-bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0235961","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0235961","article-title":"Medium-term outcomes of sacral neuromodulation in patients with refractory overactive bladder: a retrospective single-institution study","volume":"15","author":"Kaaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref131-bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12696","article-title":"Long-term functional outcomes of S3 sacral neuromodulation for the Treatment of Idiopathic Overactive Bladder","volume":"20","author":"Ismail","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref132-bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.10.054","article-title":"Long-term outcome and surgical interventions after sacral neuromodulation implant for lower urinary tract symptoms: 14-year experience at 1 center","volume":"185","author":"Al-zahrani","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref133-bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/1756287216672180","article-title":"Medium- to long-term outcomes of botulinum toxin A for idiopathic overactive bladder","volume":"9","author":"Eldred-Evans","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ther Adv Urol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref134-bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014291","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1014291","article-title":"Comparison of different types of therapy for overactive bladder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref135-bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2016.03.146","article-title":"Durable efficacy and safety of long-term OnabotulinumtoxinA treatment in patients with overactive bladder syndrome: final results of a 3.5-year study","volume":"196","author":"Nitti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"key2025070713504000_ref136-bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2011.12.011","article-title":"Repeated botulinum toxin type A injections for refractory overactive bladder: medium-term outcomes, safety profile, and discontinuation rates","volume":"61","author":"Dowson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Urol"}],"container-title":["Health Technology Assessment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/njl-admin.nihr.ac.uk\/document\/download\/2048315","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk\/sites\/journalslibrary\/files\/journal_data\/UKYW4923\/UKYW4923.xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/njl-admin.nihr.ac.uk\/document\/download\/2048315","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T08:23:58Z","timestamp":1751876638000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk\/hta\/UKYW4923"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":133,"alternative-id":["10.3310\/UKYW4923"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3310\/ukyw4923","relation":{},"ISSN":["2046-4924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-4924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"This content has been made freely available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"},{"value":"05-2017","name":"contractual_start_date","label":"contractual_start_date","group":{"name":"article_history","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"06-2023","name":"editorial_review_begun","label":"editorial review begun","group":{"name":"article_history","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"02-2024","name":"accepted_for_publication","label":"Accepted for publication","group":{"name":"article_history","label":"Article History"}}]}}