{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:06:30Z","timestamp":1792033590232,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000664","name":"Health Technology Assessment programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR135572"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR135572"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000664","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Health Technol Assess"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"abs1-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Arteriovenous fistulas are considered the best option for haemodialysis provision, but as many as 30% fail to mature or suffer early failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs1-2\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the feasibility of performing a randomised controlled trial that examines whether, by informing early and effective salvage intervention of fistulas that would otherwise fail, Doppler ultrasound surveillance of developing arteriovenous fistulas improves longer-term arteriovenous fistula patency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs1-3\">\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective multicentre observational cohort study (the \u2018SONAR\u2019 study).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs1-4\">\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventeen haemodialysis centres in the UK.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs1-5\">\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consenting adults with end-stage renal disease who were scheduled to have an arteriovenous fistula created.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs1-6\">\n                    <jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants underwent Doppler ultrasound surveillance of their arteriovenous fistulas at 2, 4, 6 and 10 weeks after creation, with clinical teams blinded to the ultrasound surveillance findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs1-7\">\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fistula maturation at week 10 defined according to ultrasound surveillance parameters of representative venous diameter and blood flow (wrist arteriovenous fistulas: \u2265 4 mm and\u2005&gt; 400 ml\/minute; elbow arteriovenous fistulas: \u2265 5 mm and &gt; 500 ml\/minute).<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Mixed multivariable logistic regression modelling of the early ultrasound scan data was used to predict arteriovenous fistula non-maturation by 10 weeks and fistula failure at 6 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs1-8\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 333 arteriovenous fistulas were created during the study window (47.7% wrist, 52.3% elbow). By 2 weeks, 37 (11.1%) arteriovenous fistulas had failed (thrombosed), but by 10 weeks, 219 of 333 (65.8%) of created arteriovenous fistulas had reached maturity (60.4% wrist, 67.2% elbow). Persistently lower flow rates and venous diameters were observed in those fistulas that did not mature.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Models for arteriovenous fistulas\u2019 non-maturation could be optimally constructed using the week 4 scan data, with fistula venous diameter and flow rate the most significant variables in explaining wrist fistula maturity failure (positive predictive value 60.6%, 95% confidence interval 43.9% to 77.3%), whereas resistance index and flow rate were most significant for elbow arteriovenous fistulas (positive predictive value 66.7%, 95% confidence interval 48.9% to 84.4%). In contrast to non-maturation, both models predicted fistula maturation much more reliably [negative predictive values of 95.4% (95% confidence interval 91.0% to 99.8%) and 95.6% (95% confidence interval 91.8% to 99.4%) for wrist and elbow, respectively].<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Additional follow-up and modelling on a subset (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2005=\u2005192) of the original SONAR cohort (the SONAR-12M study) revealed the rates of primary, assisted primary and secondary patency arteriovenous fistulas at 6 months were 76.5, 80.7 and 83.3, respectively. Fistula vein size, flow rate and resistance index could identify primary patency failure at 6 months, with similar predictive power as for 10-week arteriovenous fistula maturity failure, but with wide confidence intervals for wrist (positive predictive value 72.7%, 95% confidence interval 46.4% to 99.0%) and elbow (positive predictive value 57.1%, 95% confidence interval 20.5% to 93.8%). These models, moreover, performed poorly at identifying assisted primary and secondary patency failure, likely because a subset of those arteriovenous fistulas identified on ultrasound surveillance as at risk underwent subsequent successful salvage intervention without recourse to early ultrasound data.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs1-9\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although early ultrasound can predict fistula maturation and longer-term patency very effectively, it was only moderately good at identifying those fistulas likely to remain immature or to fail within 6 months. Allied to the better- than-expected fistula patency rates achieved (that are further improved by successful salvage), we estimate that a randomised controlled trial comparing early ultrasound-guided intervention against standard care would require at least 1300 fistulas and would achieve only minimal patient benefit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs1-10\">\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This trial is registered as ISRCTN36033877 and ISRCTN17399438.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs1-11\">\n                    <jats:title>Funding<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This award was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme (NIHR award ref: NIHR135572) and is published in full in\n                      <jats:italic>Health Technology Assessment<\/jats:italic>\n                      ; Vol. 28, No. 24. See the NIHR Funding and Awards website for further award information.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3310\/ytbt4172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T07:11:42Z","timestamp":1685689902000},"page":"1-54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3310\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Doppler ultrasound surveillance of recently formed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistula: the SONAR observational cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3310","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9049-5745","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"James","family":"Richards","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3360-0726","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dominic","family":"Summers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2687-4710","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna","family":"Sidders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Blood and Transplant Clinical Trials Unit, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5220-9015","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elisa","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Blood and Transplant Clinical Trials Unit, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1408-647X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Ayaz Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7553-0733","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Subhankar","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5773-3657","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthew","family":"Slater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4898-7468","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthew","family":"Bartlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4964-5101","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Regin","family":"Lagaac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8309-0990","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emma","family":"Laing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Blood and Transplant Clinical Trials Unit, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2167-1650","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Valerie","family":"Hopkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Blood and Transplant Clinical Trials Unit, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8064-6108","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chloe","family":"Fitzpatrick-Creamer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Blood and Transplant Clinical Trials Unit, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5831-5959","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cara","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Blood and Transplant Clinical Trials Unit, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5542-2460","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joseph","family":"Parsons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Blood and Transplant Clinical Trials Unit, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4744-0826","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Samuel","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9393-6291","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew","family":"Tambyraja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1547-5127","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Subash","family":"Somalanka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, Epsom, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4972-6879","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"James","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0993-8142","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sam","family":"Dutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5379-0523","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Neil","family":"Hoye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9865-8799","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sarah","family":"Lawman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3259-917X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tracey","family":"Salter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, Epsom, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1930-0498","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammed Farid","family":"Aslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8146-1946","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Atul","family":"Bagul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6145-4642","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rajesh","family":"Sivaprakasam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bart\u2019s Health NHS Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8085-0886","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"George E","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7017-7739","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Helen L","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Blood and Transplant Clinical Trials Unit, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9125-8116","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zia","family":"Moinuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4837-9446","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Simon R","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7997-7492","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Barnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5399-9546","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Reza","family":"Motallebzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3724-9945","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gavin J","family":"Pettigrew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"6221","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref1-bib1","unstructured":"UK Renal Registry. UK Renal Registry 24th Annual Report \u2013 Data to 31\/12\/2020. Bristol. 2022. URL: https:\/\/ukkidney.org\/audit-research\/annual-report (accessed 14 February 2023)."},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref2-bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2003.05.007","article-title":"Incidence of bloodstream infection in multicenter inception cohorts of hemodialysis patients","volume":"32","author":"Taylor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref3-bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(00)70044-8","article-title":"Hospital-acquired infections among chronic hemodialysis patients","volume":"35","author":"D\u2019Agata","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref4-bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1998.00134.x","article-title":"Incidence and outcome of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in hemodialysis patients","volume":"54","author":"Marr","year":"1998","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref5-bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq481","article-title":"Endoluminal colonization as a risk factor for coagulase-negative staphylococcal catheter-related bloodstream infections in haemodialysis patients","volume":"26","author":"Rodriguez-Aranda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref6-bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-4758.2006.00131.x","article-title":"Surveillance cultures of tunneled cuffed catheter exit sites in chronic hemodialysis patients are of no benefit","volume":"10","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hemodial Int"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref7-bib7","article-title":"Interventions for preventing infectious complications in haemodialysis patients with central venous catheters","volume":"2010","author":"McCann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref8-bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1086\/502580","article-title":"Clinical outcomes and costs due to Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia among patients receiving long-term hemodialysis","volume":"26","author":"Engemann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref9-bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2004090748","article-title":"Type of vascular access and survival among incident hemodialysis patients: the Choices for Healthy Outcomes in Caring for ESRD (CHOICE) Study","volume":"16","author":"Astor","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref10-bib10","volume-title":"Vascular Access Guidelines","author":"The UK Kidney Association","year":"2015"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref11-bib11","first-page":"1","article-title":"UK Renal Registry 18th annual report: introduction","volume":"132","author":"Caskey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref12-bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.11251210","article-title":"Outcomes of arteriovenous fistula creation after the fistula first initiative","volume":"6","author":"Schinstock","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref13-bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.5151","article-title":"Selective use of ultrasonographic vascular mapping in the assessment of patients before haemodialysis access surgery","volume":"92","author":"Wells","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref14-bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02950707","article-title":"Hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula patency revisited: results of a prospective, multicenter initiative","volume":"3","author":"Huijbregts","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref15-bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00620116","article-title":"A prospective, randomized trial of routine duplex ultrasound surveillance on arteriovenous fistula maturation","volume":"11","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref16-bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0000462020","article-title":"Patency outcomes of arteriovenous fistulas and grafts for hemodialysis access: a trade-off between nonmaturation and long-term complications","volume":"1","author":"Voorzaat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney360"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref17-bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.08.023","article-title":"Patency rates of the arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"63","author":"Al-Jaishi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref18-bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2007.09.012","article-title":"Frequency of swing-segment stenosis in referred dialysis patients with angiographically documented lesions","volume":"51","author":"Badero","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref19-bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/112972980901000107","article-title":"Pre-operative vessel mapping and early post-operative surveillance duplex scanning of arteriovenous fistulae","volume":"10","author":"Ives","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref20-bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.5301\/JVA.2010.6072","article-title":"Use of early scanning in fistula formation for vascular access","volume":"12","author":"Hindle","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref21-bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.11531116","article-title":"Definitions and end points for interventional studies for arteriovenous dialysis access","volume":"13","author":"Beathard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref22-bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp577","article-title":"Is intra-operative blood flow predictive for early failure of radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula?","volume":"25","author":"Saucy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref23-bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015150385","article-title":"Arteriovenous fistula development in the first 6 weeks after creation","volume":"279","author":"Robbin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref24-bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017111225","article-title":"Prediction of arteriovenous fistula clinical maturation from postoperative ultrasound measurements: findings from the hemodialysis fistula maturation study","volume":"29","author":"Robbin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref25-bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042.e","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2016.03.442","article-title":"Use of a proactive duplex ultrasound protocol for hemodialysis access","volume":"64","author":"Itoga","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref26-bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfz004","article-title":"Con: vascular access surveillance in mature fistulas: is it worthwhile?","volume":"34","author":"Moist","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref27-bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfz003","article-title":"Pro: vascular access surveillance in mature fistulas: is it worthwhile?","volume":"34","author":"Tessitore","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref28-bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.037","article-title":"The hemodialysis access surveillance controversy continues","volume":"5","author":"Anvari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref29-bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2015.12.044","article-title":"Outcomes of primary arteriovenous fistulas in patients older than 70 years","volume":"63","author":"Goh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref30-bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2012.07.012","article-title":"Radiocephalic fistula: review and update","volume":"27","author":"Mousa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref31-bib31","first-page":"173","article-title":"Primary patency rate of native AV fistula: long term follow up","volume":"5","author":"Kazemzadeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref32-bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2251011367","article-title":"Hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula maturity: US evaluation","volume":"225","author":"Robbin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref33-bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2463061942","article-title":"Clinically immature arteriovenous hemodialysis fistulas: effect of US on salvage","volume":"246","author":"Singh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref34-bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2002.122025","article-title":"Recommended standards for reports dealing with arteriovenous hemodialysis accesses","volume":"35","author":"Sidawy","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref35-bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118548387","volume-title":"Applied Logistic Regression","author":"Hosmer","year":"2013"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref36-bib36","unstructured":"UK Renal Registry. UK Renal Registry 23rd Annual Report \u2013 Data to 31\/12\/2019. Bristol. 2021. URL: https:\/\/ukkidney.org\/sites\/renal.org\/files\/23rd_UKRR_ANNUAL_REPORT.pdf (accessed 14 February 2023)"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref37-bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajkd.2003.07.003","article-title":"Predictors of successful arteriovenous fistula maturation","volume":"42","author":"Feldman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref38-bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2019080848","article-title":"Early predictors of arteriovenous fistula maturation: a novel perspective on an enduring problem","volume":"31","author":"Farrington","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref39-bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2002.126544","article-title":"Prediction of wrist arteriovenous fistula maturation with preoperative vein mapping with ultrasonography","volume":"36","author":"Mendes","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref40-bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/b18041","volume-title":"Modelling Survival Data in Medical Research","author":"Collett","year":"2015"},{"key":"key2024052021572200_ref41-bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii73","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfs269","article-title":"Estimating the financial cost of chronic kidney disease to the NHS in England","volume":"27","author":"Kerr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"}],"container-title":["Health Technology Assessment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/njl-admin.nihr.ac.uk\/document\/download\/2045276","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk\/publications\/YTBT4172\/YTBT4172.xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/njl-admin.nihr.ac.uk\/document\/download\/2045276","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T12:35:05Z","timestamp":1716208505000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk\/hta\/YTBT4172"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["10.3310\/YTBT4172"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3310\/ytbt4172","relation":{},"ISSN":["2046-4924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-4924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"This content has been made freely available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"},{"value":"05-2018","name":"contractual_start_date","label":"contractual_start_date","group":{"name":"article_history","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11-2022","name":"editorial_review_begun","label":"editorial review begun","group":{"name":"article_history","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"06-2023","name":"accepted_for_publication","label":"Accepted for publication","group":{"name":"article_history","label":"Article History"}}]}}