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Emerg Infect Dis 8: 891-896, 2002.","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0809.020096"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2) Morris A, Norris KA: Colonization by <I>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/I> and its role in disease. Clin Microbiol Rev 25: 297-317, 2012.","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00013-12"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3) Ponce CA, Gallo M, Bustamante R, Vargas SL: <I>Pneumocystis<\/I> colonization is highly prevalent in the autopsied lungs of the general population. Clin Infect Dis 50: 347-353, 2010.","DOI":"10.1086\/649868"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4) de Boer MG, de Fijter JW, Kroon FP: Outbreaks and clustering of <I>Pneumocystis<\/I> pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients: a systematic review. Med Mycol 49: 673-680, 2011.","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2011.571294"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5) Lanaspa M, O&rsquo;Callaghan-Gordo C, Machevo S, Madrid L, Nhampossa T, Acacio S, de la Horra C, Friaza V, Campano E, Alonso PL, Calderon EJ, Roca A, Bassat Q: High prevalence of <I>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/I> pneumonia among Mozambican children < 5 years of age admitted to hospital with clinical severe pneumonia. Clin Microbiol Infect 21: 1018.e9-e15, 2015.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.07.011"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6) Valade S, Azoulay E, Damiani C, Derouin F, Totet A, Menotti J: <I>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/I> airborne transmission between critically ill patients and health care workers. Intensive Care Med 41: 1716-1718, 2015.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-015-3835-9"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7) Catherinot E, Lanternier F, Bougnoux ME, Lecuit M, Couderc LJ, Lortholary O: <I>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/I> pneumonia. Infect Dis Clin North Am 24: 107-138, 2010.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.10.010"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8) Carmona EM, Limper AH: Update on the diagnosis and treatment of <I>Pneumocystis<\/I> pneumonia. Ther Adv Respir Dis 5: 41-59, 2011.","DOI":"10.1177\/1753465810380102"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9) Silva RM, Bazzo ML, Borges AA: Induced sputum versus bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of <I>pneumocystis jiroveci<\/I> pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. Braz J Infect Dis 11: 549-553, 2007.","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-86702007000600005"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10) Kaur R, Wadhwa A, Bhalla P, Dhakad MS: <I>Pneumocystis<\/I> pneumonia in HIV patients: a diagnostic challenge till date. Med Mycol 53: 587-592, 2015.","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myv023"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11) Schildgen V, Mai S, Khalfaoui S, Lusebrink J, Pieper M, Tillmann RL, Brockmann M, Schildgen O: <I>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/I> can be productively cultured in differentiated CuFi-8 airway cells. MBio 5: e01186-01114, 2014.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01186-14"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12) Morris AM, Masur H: A serologic test to diagnose <I>pneumocystis<\/I> pneumonia: are we there yet? Clin Infect Dis 53: 203-204, 2011.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir348"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13) Carmona EM, Lamont JD, Xue A, Wylam M, Limper AH: <I>Pneumocystis<\/I> cell wall beta-glucan stimulates calcium-dependent signaling of IL-8 secretion by human airway epithelial cells. Respir Res 11: 95, 2010.","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-11-95"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14) Carmona EM, Kottom TJ, Hebrink DM, Moua T, Singh RD, Pagano RE, Limper AH: Glycosphingolipids mediate <I>pneumocystis<\/I> cell wall &beta;-glucan activation of the IL-23\/IL-17 axis in human dendritic cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 47: 50-59, 2012.","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2011-0159OC"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15) Matsumura Y, Ito Y, Iinuma Y, Yasuma K, Yamamoto M, Matsushima A, Nagao M, Takakura S, Ichiyama S: Quantitative real-time PCR and the (1\u21923)-&beta;-D-glucan assay for differentiation between <I>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/I> pneumonia and colonization. Clin Microbiol Infect 18: 591-597, 2012.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03605.x"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16) Costa JM, Botterel F, Cabaret O, Foulet F, Cordonnier C, Bretagne S: Association between circulating DNA, serum (1\u21923)-&beta;-D-glucan, and pulmonary fungal burden in <I>Pneumocystis<\/I> pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 55: e5-8, 2012.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis412"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17) Cushion MT, Linke MJ, Ashbaugh A, Sesterhenn T, Collins MS, Lynch K, Brubaker R, Walzer PD: Echinocandin treatment of <I>pneumocystis<\/I> pneumonia in rodent models depletes cysts leaving trophic burdens that cannot transmit the infection. PLoS One 5: e8524, 2010.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008524"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18) Watanabe T, Yasuoka A, Tanuma J, Yazaki H, Honda H, Tsukada K, Honda M, Gatanaga H, Teruya K, Kikuchi Y, Oka S: Serum (1\u21923) beta-D-glucan as a noninvasive adjunct marker for the diagnosis of <I>Pneumocystis<\/I> pneumonia in patients with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 49: 1128-1131, 2009.","DOI":"10.1086\/605579"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19) Desmet S, Van Wijngaerden E, Maertens J, Verhaegen J, Verbeken E, De Munter P, Meersseman W, Van Meensel B, Van Eldere J, Lagrou K: Serum (1-3)-beta-D-glucan as a tool for diagnosis of <I>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/I> pneumonia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection or hematological malignancy. J Clin Microbiol 47: 3871-3874, 2009.","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01756-09"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20) Cu&eacute;tara MS, Alhambra A, Chaves F, Moragues MD, Pont&oacute;n J, del Palacio A: Use of a serum (1\u21923)-beta-D-glucan assay for diagnosis and follow-up of <I>Pneumocystis jiroveci<\/I> pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 47: 1364-1366, 2008.","DOI":"10.1086\/592753"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21) Damiani C, Le Gal S, Lejeune D, Brahimi N, Virmaux M, Nevez G, Totet A: Serum (1\u21923)-beta-D-glucan levels in primary infection and pulmonary colonization with <I>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/I>. J Clin Microbiol 49: 2000-2002, 2011.","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00249-11"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22) Damiani C, Le Gal S, Da Costa C, Virmaux M, Nevez G, Totet A: Combined quantification of pulmonary <I>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/I> DNA and serum (1\u21923)-&beta;-D-glucan for differential diagnosis of <I>pneumocystis<\/I> pneumonia and <I>Pneumocystis<\/I> colonization. J Clin Microbiol 51: 3380-3388, 2013.","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01554-13"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23) de Boer MG, Gelinck LB, van Zelst BD, van de Sande WW, Willems LN, van Dissel JT, de Jonge R, Kroon FP: &beta;-D-glucan and S-adenosylmethionine serum levels for the diagnosis of <I>Pneumocystis<\/I> pneumonia in HIV-negative patients: a prospective study. J Infect 62: 93-100, 2011.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2010.10.007"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24) Held J, Koch MS, Reischl U, Danner T, Serr A: Serum (1\u21923)-&beta;-D-glucan measurement as an early indicator of <I>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/I> pneumonia and evaluation of its prognostic value. Clin Microbiol Infect 17: 595-602, 2011.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03318.x"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25) Stringer JR, Keely SP: Genetics of surface antigen expression in <I>Pneumocystis carinii<\/I>. Infect Immun 69: 627-639, 2001.","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.2.627-639.2001"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26) Daly KR, Fichtenbaum CJ, Tanaka R, Linke MJ, O&rsquo;\u2019Bert R, Thullen TD, Hui MS, Smulian AG, Walzer PD: Serologic responses to epitopes of the major surface glycoprotein of <I>Pneumocystis jiroveci<\/I> differ in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and uninfected persons. J Infect Dis 186: 644-651, 2002.","DOI":"10.1086\/341565"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27) Daly KR, Huang L, Morris A, Koch J, Crothers K, Levin L, Eiser S, Satwah S, Zucchi P, Walzer PD: Antibody response to <I>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/I> major surface glycoprotein. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 1231-1237, 2006.","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1708.060230"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28) Walzer PD, Djawe K, Levin L, Daly KR, Koch J, Kingsley L, Witt M, Golub ET, Bream JH, Taiwo B, Morris A: Long-term serologic responses to the <I>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/I> major surface glycoprotein in HIV-positive individuals with and without <I>P. jirovecii<\/I> infection. J Infect Dis 199: 1335-1344, 2009.","DOI":"10.1086\/597803"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29) Bishop LR, Kovacs JA: Quantitation of anti-<I>Pneumocystis jiroveci<\/I> antibodies in healthy persons and immunocompromised patients. J Infect Dis 187: 1844-1848, 2003.","DOI":"10.1086\/375354"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30) Blount RJ, Jarlsberg LG, Daly KR, Worodria W, Davis JL, Cattamanchi A, Djawe K, Andama A, Koch J, Walzer PD, Huang L; International HIV-Associated Opportunistic Pneumonias (IHOP) Study: Serologic responses to recombinant <I>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/I> major surface glycoprotein among Ugandan patients with respiratory symptoms. PLoS One 7: e51545, 2012.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051545"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31) Djawe K, Huang L, Daly KR, Levin L, Koch J, Schwartzman A, Fong S, Roth B, Subramanian A, Grieco K, Jarlsberg L, Walzer PD: Serum antibody levels to the <I>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/I> major surface glycoprotein in the diagnosis of <I>P. jirovecii<\/I> pneumonia in HIV + patients. PLoS One 5: e14259, 2010.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014259"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32) Fan LC, Lu HW, Cheng KB, Li HP, Xu JF: Evaluation of PCR in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for diagnosis of <I>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/I> pneumonia: a bivariate meta-analysis and systematic review. PLoS One 8: e73099, 2013.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073099"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33) &Ouml;zko&ccedil; S, Bayram Deliba&scedil; S: Investigation of <I>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/I> pneumonia and colonization in iatrogenically immunosuppressed and immunocompetent patients. Mikrobiyol Bul 49: 221-230, 2015.","DOI":"10.5578\/mb.9344"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34) Gupta R, Mirdha BR, Guleria R, Kumar L, Samantaray JC, Agarwal SK, Kabra SK, Luthra K: Diagnostic significance of nested polymerase chain reaction for sensitive detection of <I>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/I> in respiratory clinical specimens. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 64: 381-388, 2009.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2009.04.008"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35) Tia T, Putaporntip C, Kosuwin R, Kongpolprom N, Kawkitinarong K, Jongwutiwes S: A highly sensitive novel PCR assay for detection of <I>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/I> DNA in bronchoalveloar lavage specimens from immunocompromised patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 18: 598-603, 2012.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03656.x"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36) Totet A, Pautard JC, Raccurt C, Roux P, Nevez G: Genotypes at the internal transcribed spacers of the nuclear rRNA operon of <I>Pneumocystis jiroveci<\/I> in nonimmunosuppressed infants without severe pneumonia. J Clin Microbiol 41: 1173-1180, 2003.","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.3.1173-1180.2003"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37) Helweg-Larsen J, Lee CH, Jin S, Hsueh JY, Benfield TL, Hansen J, Lundgren JD, Lundgren B: Clinical correlation of variations in the internal transcribed spacer regions of rRNA genes in <I>Pneumocystis carinii<\/I> f.sp. hominis. AIDS 15: 451-459, 2001.","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200103090-00003"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38) Durand-Joly I, Chab&eacute; M, Soula F, Delhaes L, Camus D, Dei-Cas E: Molecular diagnosis of <I>Pneumocystis<\/I> pneumonia. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 45: 405-410, 2005.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2005.06.006"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39) Juliano JJ, Barnett E, Parobek CM, Taylor SM, Meshnick SR, Stone S, Chang E, Fong S, Huang L: Use of Oropharyngeal Washes to Diagnose and Genotype <I>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/I>. Open Forum Infect Dis 2: ofv080, 2015.","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofv080"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40) Botterel F, Cabaret O, Foulet F, Cordonnier C, Costa JM, Bretagne S: Clinical significance of quantifying <I>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/I> DNA by using real-time PCR in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from immunocompromised patients. J Clin Microbiol 50: 227-231, 2012.","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.06036-11"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41) Fauchier T, Hasseine L, Gari-Toussaint M, Casanova V, Marty PM, Pomares C: Detection of <I>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/I> by quantitative PCR to differentiate colonization and Pneumonia in immunocompromised HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. J Clin Microbiol 54: 1487-1495, 2016.","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03174-15"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"42) Huggett JF, Taylor MS, Kocjan G, Evans HE, Morris-Jones S, Gant V, Novak T, Costello AM, Zumla A, Miller RF: Development and evaluation of a real-time PCR assay for detection of <I>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/I> DNA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of HIV-infected patients. Thorax 63: 154-159, 2008.","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2007.081687"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"43) Maillet M, Maubon D, Brion JP, Fran&ccedil;ois P, Molina L, Stahl JP, Epaulard O, Bosseray A, Pavese P: <I>Pneumocystis jirovecii (Pj)<\/I> quantitative PCR to differentiate <I>Pj<\/I> pneumonia from <I>Pj<\/I> colonization in immunocompromised patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 33: 331-336, 2014.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-013-1960-3"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"44) Flori P, Bellete B, Durand F, Raberin H, Cazorla C, Hafid J, Lucht F, Sung RT: Comparison between real-time PCR, conventional PCR and different staining techniques for diagnosing <I>Pneumocystis jiroveci<\/I> pneumonia from bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. J Med Microbiol 53: 603-607, 2004.","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45528-0"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"45) M&uuml;hlethaler K, B&ouml;gli-Stuber K, Wasmer S, von Garnier C, Dumont P, Rauch A, M&uuml;hlemann K, Garzoni C: Quantitative PCR to diagnose <I>Pneumocystis<\/I> pneumonia in immunocompromised non-HIV patients. 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