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Because of both the increasing complexity of systemic treatments overall and the higher rates of active therapy in the geriatric population, many patients experiencing acute decompensations are frail and acutely ill. This article comprehensively reviews the spectrum of oncologic emergencies and urgencies typically encountered in acute care settings. Presentation, underlying etiology, and up\u2010to\u2010date clinical pathways are discussed. Criteria for either a safe discharge to home or a transition of care to the inpatient oncology hospitalist team are emphasized. This review extends beyond familiar conditions such as febrile neutropenia, hypercalcemia, tumor lysis syndrome, malignant spinal cord compression, mechanical bowel obstruction, and breakthrough pain crises to include a broader spectrum of topics encompassing the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, venous thromboembolism and malignant effusions, as well as chemotherapy\u2010induced mucositis, cardiomyopathy, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Emergent and urgent complications associated with targeted therapeutics, including small molecules, naked and drug\u2010conjugated monoclonal antibodies, as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T\u2010cells, are summarized. Finally, strategies for facilitating same\u2010day direct admission to hospice from the ED are discussed. This article not only can serve as a point\u2010of\u2010care reference for the ED physician but also can assist outpatient oncologists as well as inpatient hospitalists in coordinating care around the ED visit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T14:01:16Z","timestamp":1654178476000},"page":"570-593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Oncologic emergencies and urgencies: A comprehensive review"],"prefix":"10.3322","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8919-4467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bonnie E.","family":"Gould Rothberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale Cancer Center Innovations Laboratory Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center  New Haven Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tammie E.","family":"Quest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Emory University  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai\u2010Ching J.","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine The\u00a0University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorraine C.","family":"Pelosof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Oncologic Diseases US Food and Drug Administration  Silver Spring Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Gerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology\u2010Oncology Harold C. 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