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The authors comprehensively examined cancer incidence and mortality among non\u2010Hispanic AIAN individuals, compared with non\u2010Hispanic White individuals for context, using population\u2010based data from the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Overall cancer rates among AIAN individuals were 2% higher than among White individuals for incidence (2014 through 2018, confined to Purchased\/Referred Care Delivery Area counties to reduce racial misclassification) but 18% higher for mortality (2015 through 2019). However, disparities varied widely by cancer type and geographic region. For example, breast and prostate cancer mortality rates are 8% and 31% higher, respectively, in AIAN individuals than in White individuals despite lower incidence and the availability of early detection tests for these cancers. The burden among AIAN individuals is highest for infection\u2010related cancers (liver, stomach, and cervix), for kidney cancer, and for colorectal cancer among indigenous Alaskans (91.3 vs. 35.5 cases per 100,000 for White Alaskans), who have the highest rates in the world. Steep increases for early onset colorectal cancer, from 18.8 cases per 100,000 Native Alaskans aged 20\u201349\u2009years during 1998 through 2002 to 34.8 cases per 100,000 during 2014 through 2018, exacerbated this disparity. Death rates for infection\u2010related cancers (liver, stomach, and cervix), as well as kidney cancer, were approximately two\u2010fold higher among AIAN individuals compared with White individuals. These findings highlight the need for more effective strategies to reduce the prevalence of chronic oncogenic infections and improve access to high\u2010quality cancer screening and treatment for AIAN individuals. Mitigating the disparate burden will require expanded financial support of tribal health care as well as increased collaboration and engagement with this marginalized population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T11:16:21Z","timestamp":1667906181000},"page":"120-146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["Cancer statistics for\n                    <scp>A<\/scp>\n                    merican\n                    <scp>I<\/scp>\n                    ndian and\n                    <scp>A<\/scp>\n                    laska\n                    <scp>N<\/scp>\n                    ative individuals, 2022: Including increasing disparities in early onset colorectal cancer"],"prefix":"10.3322","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6699-5309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyler B.","family":"Kratzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Surveillance and Health Services Research American Cancer Society  Kennesaw Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmedin","family":"Jemal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surveillance and Health Services Research American Cancer Society  Kennesaw Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2609-2260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberly D.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surveillance and Health Services Research American Cancer Society  Kennesaw Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Nash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa College of Public Health  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Wiggins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Redwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium  Anchorage Alaska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Early Cancer Detection Science American Cancer Society  Kennesaw Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5247-8522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Siegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surveillance and Health Services Research American Cancer Society  Kennesaw Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Census Illuminates Racial and Ethnic Composition of the Country","author":"Jones N","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cdn\/nzz054"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"5462","article-title":"Bureau of Indian Affairs. 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