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Approximately 90% of vulvar cancers are squamous cell carcinoma and frequently are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Vaginal cancer, constituting less than 1% of all female cancers, similarly exhibit HPV\u2010related trends. This review delineates the etiology, histopathology, and treatment strategies for carcinomas and vulvovaginal melanomas and sarcomas. Surgical intervention remains the primary treatment modality for vulvar cancer, involving tumor resection and inguinofemoral lymph node staging. For locally advanced vulvar carcinoma, chemoradiation is advised when exenterative surgery would be indicated. Recurrence rates within 2 years after diagnosis range from 12% to 37%. Unfortunately, systemic treatments for recurrent or metastatic disease are limited, with 5\u2010year survival rates at approximately 20%. Current evidence primarily derives from retrospective studies or small phase 2 trials or otherwise is extrapolated from the treatment of cervical cancer. Enrollment in clinical trials is strongly advocated, along with prompt access to best supportive care to mitigate the effect of locoregional progression on quality of life. Moreover, the psychosocial implications of treatment on body image and sexuality necessitate careful consideration. Future HPV vaccination initiatives may reduce cancer incidence, although significant effects of such vaccination will manifest over decades, underscoring the urgent need to enhance treatment efficacy and minimize morbidity in vulvar and vaginal cancers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.70014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T07:20:38Z","timestamp":1747380038000},"page":"410-435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Comprehensive management of vulvovaginal cancers"],"prefix":"10.3322","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3405-8310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ang\u00e9lica","family":"Nogueira\u2010Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Minas Gerais  Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil"},{"name":"OC Mulher Oncocl\u00ednicas &amp; Company  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Brazilian Group of Gynecologic Oncology (EVA)  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group  Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"},{"name":"DOM Oncologia  Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3261-3632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maaike H. 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