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The authors describe national cancer incidence and mortality by world region and the Human Development Index and predict the burden in 2050 based on demographic trends. In 2024, an estimated 20.6 million new cancer cases (19.5 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 9.8 million deaths (9.7 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) occurred worldwide, equivalent to one in five people developing cancer during their lifetime and one in nine men and one in 13 women dying from the disease. Lung cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer, responsible for almost 2.6 million new cases (12.8%), followed by female breast (11.8%), colorectal (9.9%), prostate (7.5%), and stomach (4.7%) cancer. Lung cancer is also the leading cause of cancer death, with an estimated 1.9 million deaths (19.1%), followed by colorectal (9.4%), liver (7.5%), female breast (7.1%), and stomach (6.6%) cancer. Incidence rates vary four\u2010 to five\u2010fold across regions, with the highest rates found in Australia\/New Zealand (men, 477 per 100,000; women, 396 per 100,000), whereas mortality rates differ two\u2010fold, with elevated rates in Eastern Europe for men (158 per 100,000) and Melanesia for women (108 per 100,000). The incidence burden is predicted to reach 34.4 million by 2050, up 67% from 2024, with the largest proportional increases in lower Human Development Index countries. Although global variation in cancer profiles demands a nuanced approach to cancer control at national and regional levels, primary prevention must be at the forefront, including intensified efforts to reduce tobacco use, prevent infections, lower alcohol consumption and excess body weight, and increase physical activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.70090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T12:00:37Z","timestamp":1783512037000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":168,"title":["Global cancer statistics 2024: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 34 cancers in 186 countries"],"prefix":"10.3322","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8021-5997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyuna","family":"Sung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Surveillance, Prevention, and Health Services Research American Cancer 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