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Detection of emerging enteroviruses requires collection of respiratory, cerebrospinal fluid and stool specimens, and should be routine practice for all AFP cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.33321\/cdi.2020.44.22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,15]],"date-time":"2020-03-15T19:48:34Z","timestamp":1584301714000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Acute flaccid myelitis \u2013 has it gone unrecognised in Australian children?"],"prefix":"10.33321","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Junchao","family":"Bao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, NSW; The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, NSW"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Thorley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory, the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth J","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, NSW; The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, NSW; University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health and Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit, Kid\u2019s Research, Westmead, NSW"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"McIntyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, NSW; National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Kid\u2019s Research, Westmead, NSW; Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of Otago, Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phillip N","family":"Britton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, NSW; The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, NSW"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"18788","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Morris A, Elliott EJ, D\u2019Souza RM, Antony J, Kennett M, Longbottom H. Acute flaccid paralysis in Australian children. J Paediatr Child Health. 2003;39(1):22\u20136.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.2003.00065.x"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"(a) Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance (PAEDS). Surveillance & Research. [Internet.] National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), PAEDS. [Accessed 30 May 2019.] Available from: http:\/\/www.paeds.edu.au\/surveillance-and-research\/  (b) PAEDS. About us. [Internet.] NCIRS, PAEDS. [Accessed 30 May 2019.] Available from: http:\/\/www.paeds.edu.au\/about-us\/","DOI":"10.33321\/cdi.2019.43.5"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Ayscue P, Van Haren K, Sheriff H, Waubant E, Waldron P, Yagi S et al. Acute flaccid paralysis with anterior myelitis \u2013 California, June 2012\u2014June 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014;63(40):903\u20136."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Messacar K, Schreiner TL, Van Haren K, Yang M, Glaser CA, Tyler KL et al. Acute flaccid myelitis: a clinical review of US Cases 2012\u20132015. Ann Neurol. 2016;80(3):326\u201338.","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24730"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"The United Kingdom Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) Task Force. An increase in reports of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in the United Kingdom, 1 January 2018 \u2013 21 January 2019: early findings. Euro Surveill. 2019;24(6). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.6.1900093","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.es.2019.24.6.1900093"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bowers JR, Valentine M, Harrison V, Fofanov VY, Gillece J, Delisle J et al. Genomic analyses of acute flaccid myelitis cases among a cluster in Arizona provide further evidence of enterovirus D68 role. MBio. 2019;10(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mBio.02262-18.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02262-18"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Messacar K, Asturias EJ, Hixon AM, Van Leer-Buter C, Niesters HGM, Tyler KL et al. Enterovirus D68 and acute flaccid myelitis \u2013 evaluating the evidence for causality. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018,18(8):e239\u201347","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(18)30094-x"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. Standardized Case Definition for Acute Flaccid Myelitis. https:\/\/cdn.ymaws.com\/www.cste.org\/resource\/resmgr\/2015PS\/2015PSFinal\/15-ID-01.pdf."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Andersen EW, Kornberg AJ, Freeman, JL, Leventer RJ, Ryan MM. Acute flaccid myelitis in childhood: a retrospective cohort study. Eur J Neurol. 2017;24(8):1077\u201383.","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13345"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zander A, Britton PN, Navin T, Horsley E, Tobin S, McAnulty JM. An outbreak of enterovirus 71 in metropolitan Sydney: enhanced surveillance and lessons learnt. Med J Aust. 2014;201(11):663\u20136.","DOI":"10.5694\/mja14.00014"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Teoh HL, Mohammad SS, Britton PN, Kandula T, Lorentzos MS, Booy R et al. Clinical characteristics and functional motor outcomes of enterovirus 71 neurological disease in children. JAMA Neurol. 2016;73(30):300\u20137.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.4388"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hopkins SE, Elrick MJ, Messacar K. Acute flaccid myelitis\u2014keys to diagnosis, questions about treatment, and future directions. JAMA Pediatr. 2019;172(2):117\u20138.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.4896"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McKay SL, Lee AD, Lopez AS, Nix WA, Dooling KL, Keaton AA et al. Increase in acute flaccid myelitis\u2014United States, 2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(45):1273\u20135.","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6745e1"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kujawski SA, Midgley CM, Rha B, Lively JY, Nix WA, Curns AT et al. Enterovirus D68-associated acute respiratory illness \u2014 new vaccine surveillance network, United States, July\u2013October, 2017 and 2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(12):277\u201380.","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6812a1"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"Roberts J, Hobday L, Ibrahim A, Aitken T, Thorley B. Annual report of the Australian National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory 2012. 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