{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T06:23:35Z","timestamp":1773901415950,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Aboutscience Srl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696809600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["dti"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background:\u00a0Antibiotic misuse is a major public health issue with long-term repercussions.\nObjective:\u00a0The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of pneumonia and diarrhea, with an emphasis on antibiotic misuse.\nMethodology:\u00a0This study included 410 participants (217 fathers and 193 mothers), of whom 239 purchased antibiotics for their children without a prescription, whereas 171 had a prescription or were unsure if one was required.\nResults:\u00a0Antibiotics were used incorrectly by 58.1% of respondents. About 51.2% of participants said they were taking two antibiotics at the same time. Around 30% of people admitted to using antibiotics inefficiently. The most prevalent reason for use was \u201cviral and bacterial,\u201d followed by \u201cviral,\u201d and then \u201cbacterial,\u201d with 35%, 21%, and 20%, respectively. In addition, 22.4% of patients have used antibiotics for an unknown reason.\nConclusion:\u00a0Saudi parents of children with pneumonia and diarrhea abuse antibiotics. Saudi legislation banning medications without a prescription has helped reduce antibiotic abuse, but more community-based education and awareness are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.33393\/dti.2023.2614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T07:54:27Z","timestamp":1696924467000},"page":"114-119","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence of antibiotic misuse in cases of pneumonia and diarrhea in Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.33393","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9802-7567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ebtehaj Saud","family":"ALmughais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatmah Fahad","family":"Alreshidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6579-0574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hussain","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"18642","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"10490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iheanacho CO. \u201cAn antibiotic turned contraceptive\u201d: the tale of ampicillin-cloxacillin. 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Eur J Health Econ. 2022;23(6):1015-1035. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10198-021-01416-8 PMID:34845563","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-021-01416-8"},{"key":"10494","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Jedai AH, Almogbel Y, Eljaaly K, et al. Restriction on antimicrobial dispensing without prescription on a national level: impact on the overall antimicrobial utilization in the community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia. PLoS One. 2022;17(7):e0271188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0271188 PMID:35881572","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0271188"},{"key":"10495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saleh Faidah H, Haseeb A, Yousuf Lamfon M, et al. Parents\u2019 self-directed practices towards the use of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. BMC Pediatr. 2019;19(1):46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12887-019-1391-0 PMID:30717737","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-019-1391-0"},{"key":"10496","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alrafiaah AS, Alqarny MH, Alkubedan HY, AlQueflie S, Omair A. Are the Saudi parents aware of antibiotic role in upper respiratory tract infections in children? J Infect Public Health. 2017;10(5):579-585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiph.2017.01.023 PMID:28283368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2017.01.023"},{"key":"10497","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AlRukban M, AlRuthia Y, Almasaoud M, et al. Community pharmacists\u2019 views of the enforced antibiotics dispensing law and its impact on oral antibiotics sales in Saudi Arabia. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020;13:2899-2907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/RMHP.S278404 PMID:33335435","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S278404"},{"key":"10498","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah RA, Hsu JI, Patel RR, Mui UN, Tyring SK. 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