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Datawere gathered through a survey among panel members responsible for the Italian PHPT treatment guidelines,ensuring alignment with national clinical practice. The survey examined various cost components, including diagnostic tests, pre-hospitalization assessments, surgery duration, drug use, healthcare professionals involved,disposable materials, and follow-up care requirements.Results: The total cost for PHPT diagnosis and comorbidity assessment is \u20ac 887.96. Parathyroidectomy (PTX)costs \u20ac 4,588.00. Non-surgical alternatives, including pharmacological treatment (\u20ac 953.34 annually) and activesurveillance (\u20ac 197.42 annually), result in cumulative 30-year costs of \u20ac 28,590 and \u20ac 5,910, respectively. SincePTX is typically performed at age 55, pharmacological treatment over 30 years incurs an additional \u20ac 22,876 perpatient compared to surgery.Conclusions: Despite its higher upfront cost, PTX demonstrated long-term cost efficiency due to the relativelylow rates of follow-up complications and the absence of recurring annual costs associated with conservativestrategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.33393\/grhta.2025.3531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T13:52:38Z","timestamp":1753451558000},"page":"186-193","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Micro-costing analysis from Italian Guidelines for the management of sporadic primary 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