{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T03:06:52Z","timestamp":1777950412220,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Aboutscience Srl","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Grhta"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Human immunoglobulins are the standard of care for patients with immunodeficiencies and represent a first-line treatment for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). This study aimed to evaluate costs associated with facilitated subcutaneous (fSCIG), conventional subcutaneous (cSCIG), and intravenous (IVIG) administration of immunoglobulin in patients with primary or secondary immunodeficiency (PID and SID, respectively) and in patients with CIDP in Italy.Methods: A cost-minimization analysis from a societal perspective was developed, considering a one-year follow-up. Direct costs included acquisition and administration costs, while indirect costs were evaluated considering productivity loss due to in-hospital IVIG using a Human Capital Approach. The posology considered for immunodeficiency disorders and CIDP was obtained from observational studies and clinical trials, respectively. Subcutaneous and intravenous administration costs were obtained from published literature. Scenario analyses were conducted to test the key assumptions of the model.Results: This study indicates a potential reduction of annual societal expenditure in Italy of approximately \u20ac2,145 and \u20ac1,605 with fSCIG treatment in PID patients compared to cSCIG and IVIG, respectively. In SID patients, fSCIG would result in a reduction of societal expenditure of approximately \u20ac2,145 and \u20ac2,071 compared to cSCIG and IVIG. For CIDP patients, fSCIG treatment would result in a reduction of societal expenditure of \u20ac8,060 and \u20ac15,873 compared to cSCIG and IVIG, respectively.Conclusion: The use of fSCIG for patients with PIDs, SIDs or CIDP could lead to a reduction in the direct and indirectcosts associated with the treatment of patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.33393\/grhta.2026.3642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:15:03Z","timestamp":1777878903000},"page":"109-117","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cost minimization analysis of subcutaneous and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in Italy"],"prefix":"10.33393","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5704-6542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Bini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Scortichini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Ripoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Fioravanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7575-5260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmela","family":"Papa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Sciattella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"18642","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"19441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wasserman RL, Melamed I, Stein MR, et al.; IGSC, 10% with rHuPH20 Study Group. Recombinant human hyaluronidase-facilitated subcutaneous infusion of human immunoglobulins for primary immunodeficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;130(4):951-7.e11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.06.021 PMID:22846381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.06.021"},{"key":"19442","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel SY, Carbone J, Jolles S. The expanding field of secondary antibody deficiency: causes, diagnosis, and management. Front Immunol. 2019;10:33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00033 PMID:30800120","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00033"},{"key":"19443","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCusker C, Upton J, Warrington R. Primary immunodeficiency. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2018;14(S2)(suppl 2):61. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13223-018-0290-5 PMID:30275850","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-018-0290-5"},{"key":"19444","unstructured":"SITIP. Guida pratica. Le immunodeficienze nell\u2019ambulatorio del pediatra. Online https:\/\/sitip.org\/images\/linee-guida\/SIPPS%20-%20(Immuno)%20-%20Guida%20alle%20Immunodeficienze%202023.pdf (Accessed September 2025)"},{"key":"19445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van den Bergh PYK, van Doorn PA, Hadden RDM, et al. European Academy of Neurology\/Peripheral Nerve Society guideline on diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: report of a joint task force-second revision. J Peripher Nerv Syst. 2021;26(3):242-268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jns.12455 PMID:34085743","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.12455"},{"key":"19446","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tuano KS, Seth N, Chinen J. Secondary immunodeficiencies: an overview. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2021;127(6):617-626. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anai.2021.08.413 PMID:34481993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2021.08.413"},{"key":"19447","unstructured":"EMA. RCP HyQvia. Online https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/it\/documents\/product-information\/hyqvia-epar-product-information_it.pdf (Accessed September 2025)"},{"key":"19448","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perraudin C, Bourdin A, Vicino A, et al. Home-based subcutaneous immunoglobulin for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy patients: a Swiss cost-minimization analysis. PLoS One. 2020;15(11):e0242630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0242630 PMID:33237959","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242630"},{"key":"19449","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lepage V, et al. PRO47 budget impact model of subcutaneous immunoglobulins in the treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) in France. Value Health. 2020;23(S698).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2020.08.1783"},{"key":"19450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lazzaro C, Lopiano L, Cocito D. Subcutaneous vs intravenous administration of immunoglobulin in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: an Italian cost-minimization analysis. Neurol Sci. 2014;35(7):1023-1034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-014-1632-9 PMID:24469345","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-014-1632-9"},{"key":"19451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mallick R, Carlton R, Van Stiphout J. A budget impact model of maintenance treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy with IgPro20 (Hizentra) relative to intravenous immunoglobulin in the United States. PharmacoEconom Open. 2023;7(2):243-255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41669-023-00386-2 PMID:36757567","DOI":"10.1007\/s41669-023-00386-2"},{"key":"19452","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramzi A, Maya S, Balousha N, et al. Subcutaneous immunoglobulins (SCIG) for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP): a comprehensive systematic review of clinical studies and meta-analysis. Neurol Sci. 2024;45(11):5213-5230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-024-07640-3 PMID:38937399","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-024-07640-3"},{"key":"19453","unstructured":"GU Serie Generale n.177 del 31-07-2023. Online https:\/\/www.gazzettaufficiale.it\/atto\/serie_generale\/caricaDettaglioAtto\/originario?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2023-07-31&atto.codiceRedazionale=23A04368&elenco30giorni=true (Accessed September 2025)"},{"key":"19454","unstructured":"GU Serie Generale n.245 del 19-10-2023. Online https:\/\/www.gazzettaufficiale.it\/atto\/serie_generale\/caricaDettaglioAtto\/originario?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2023-10-19&atto.codiceRedazionale=23A05763&elenco30giorni=false (Accessed September 2025)"},{"key":"19455","unstructured":"GU Serie Generale n.30 del 06-02-2024. Online https:\/\/www.gazzettaufficiale.it\/atto\/serie_generale\/caricaDettaglioAtto\/originario?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2024-02-06&atto.codiceRedazionale=24A00629&elenco30giorni=false (Accessed September 2025)"},{"key":"19456","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cinetto F, Neri R, Vianello F, et al. Subcutaneous immunoglobulins replacement therapy in secondary antibody deficiencies: real life evidence as compared to primary antibody deficiencies. PLoS One. 2021;16(3):e0247717. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0247717 PMID:33661940","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247717"},{"key":"19457","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shabaninejad H, Asgharzadeh A, Rezaei N, et al. A comparative study of intravenous immunoglobulin and subcutaneous immunoglobulin in adult patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2016;12(5):595-602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1586\/1744666X.2016.1155452 PMID:26902306","DOI":"10.1586\/1744666X.2016.1155452"},{"key":"19458","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hadden RDM, Andersen H, Bril V, et al. Long-term safety and tolerability of hyaluronidase-facilitated subcutaneous immunoglobulin 10% as maintenance therapy for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: results from the ADVANCE-CIDP 3 trial. J Peripher Nerv Syst. 2024;29(4):441-452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jns.12672 PMID:39523874","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.12672"},{"key":"19459","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Schaik IN, Mielke O, Bril V, et al.; PATH study group. Long-term safety and efficacy of subcutaneous immunoglobulin IgPro20 in CIDP: PATH extension study. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2019;6(5):e590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000590 PMID:31355323","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000590"},{"key":"19460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00e9ger JM, De Bleecker JL, Sommer C, et al; PRIMA study investigators. Efficacy and safety of Privigen(\u00ae) in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: results of a prospective, single-arm, open-label Phase III study (the PRIMA study). J Peripher Nerv Syst. 2013;18(2):130-140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jns5.12017 PMID:23781960","DOI":"10.1111\/jns5.12017"},{"key":"19461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ravasio R, Ripoli S. Cost-minimization analysis of HYQVIA\u00ae in the treatment of primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) and secondary immunodeficiency disease (SID) in Italy. AboutOpen. 2023;10:69-77. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33393\/ao.2023.2584","DOI":"10.33393\/ao.2023.2584"},{"key":"19462","unstructured":"Scortichini M, Bini C, Sciattella P. Poster n\u00b0 54. Valutazione dell'utilizzo e dei costi sanitari delle immunoglobuline: un\u2019analisi su real world data. Online https:\/\/www.isporitaly.org\/abstract-x-congresso-ispor\/ (Accessed September 2025)"},{"key":"19463","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lougaris V, Pession A, Baronio M, et al.; The Italian Registry for Primary Immunodeficiencies. The Italian Registry for Primary Immunodeficiencies (Italian Primary Immunodeficiency Network; IPINet): twenty years of experience (1999-2019). J Clin Immunol. 2020;40(7):1026-1037. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10875-020-00844-0 PMID:32803625","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-020-00844-0"},{"key":"19464","unstructured":"ISTAT. Tasso occupazione 15-89 anni 2023. Online http:\/\/dati.istat.it\/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=DCCV_TAXOCCU1 (Accessed September 2025) https:\/\/esploradati.istat.it\/databrowser\/#\/it\/dw\/categories\/IT1,Z0500LAB,1.0\/LAB_OFFER\/LAB_OFF_EMPLOY\/DCCV_OCCUPATIT1\/IT1,150_938_DF_DCCV_OCCUPATIT1_1,1.0"},{"key":"19465","unstructured":"INPS. INPS Osservatorio sui lavoratori dipendenti e indipendenti. Dati 2023. Online https:\/\/servizi2.inps.it\/servizi\/osservatoristatistici\/99 (Accessed September 2025)"},{"key":"19466","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spadaro G, Pecoraro A, De Renzo A, et al. Intravenous versus subcutaneous immunoglobulin replacement in secondary hypogammaglobulinemia. Clin Immunol. 2016;166-167:103-104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clim.2016.04.001 PMID:27063866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2016.04.001"},{"key":"19467","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Innocenti I, Tomasso A, Benintende G, et al. Subcutaneous immunoglobulins in chronic lymphocytic leukemia with secondary antibody deficiency. A monocentric experience during Covid-19 pandemics. Hematol Oncol. 2022;40(3):469-474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hon.2966 PMID:35076123","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.2966"},{"key":"19468","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Schaik IN, Mielke O, Bril V, et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of subcutaneous immunoglobulin IgPro20 in CIDP: PATH extension study. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2019;6(5):e590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000590","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000590"},{"key":"19469","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merkies ISJ, van Schaik IN, L\u00e9ger JM, et al.; PRIMA Trial Investigators and the PATH Study Group. Efficacy and safety of IVIG in CIDP: combined data of the PRIMA and PATH studies. J Peripher Nerv Syst. 2019;24(1):48-55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jns.12302 PMID:30672091","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.12302"},{"key":"19470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cocito D, Serra G, Paolasso I, et al. Economic and quality of life evaluation of different modalities of immunoglobulin therapy in chronic dysimmune neuropathies. J Peripher Nerv Syst. 2012;17(4):426-428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1529-8027.2012.00444.x PMID:23279347","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8027.2012.00444.x"},{"key":"19471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piscitelli E, Massa M, De Martino BM, et al. Economic evaluation of subcutaneous versus intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: a real-life study. Eur J Hosp Pharm. 2021;28(e1)(suppl 2):e115-e119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ejhpharm-2020-002430 PMID:33122403","DOI":"10.1136\/ejhpharm-2020-002430"}],"container-title":["Global and Regional Health Technology Assessment"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.aboutscience.eu\/index.php\/grhta\/article\/download\/3642\/4312","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.aboutscience.eu\/index.php\/grhta\/article\/download\/3642\/4313","content-type":"application\/epub+zip","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.aboutscience.eu\/index.php\/grhta\/article\/download\/3642\/4312","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:15:19Z","timestamp":1777878919000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.aboutscience.eu\/index.php\/grhta\/article\/view\/3642"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33393\/grhta.2026.3642","relation":{},"ISSN":["2283-5733","2284-2403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2283-5733","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2284-2403","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]}}}