{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T02:23:15Z","timestamp":1789611795293,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Korean Ophthalmological Society","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002868","name":"Chosun University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002868","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ekjo.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Korean J Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: To retrospectively analyze the relative frequency and describe the clinical features of sagging eye syndrome in Korean patients from a single center.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients with diplopia, aged over 40 years, who visited Chosun University Hospital from January 2018 to December 2020. The relative frequency of sagging eye syndrome was examined by classifying the cause of diplopia. Clinical features, such as age, sex, strabismus type, angle of deviation, treatment method, and prognosis were evaluated.Results: A total of 128 patients were identified, of which 23 (18%) were diagnosed with sagging eye syndrome, including 12 male patients (52.2%) and 11 female patients (47.9%). Their mean age was 74.6 \u00b1 7.6 years (range, 61\u201389 years), and all patients were over 60 years. Among the 62 patients with diplopia and age over 60 years, the relative frequency of sagging eye syndrome was 23 (37.1%), the highest among all age groups. Among the 23 patients with sagging eye syndrome, nine patients (39.1%) had only distance esotropia, with a mean distance esotropia value of 10.1 \u00b1 8.6 prism diopters (PD) (range, 4\u201325 PD) at the first visit; nine patients (39.1%) had a combination of esotropia and vertical strabismus, with a mean esotropia value of 6.2 \u00b1 4.8 PD (range, 2\u201312 PD) and a vertical angle of 4.7\u00b1 3.2 PD (range, 2\u201310 PD); and five patients (21.7%) had only vertical strabismus, with an average vertical strabismus angle of 3.3 \u00b1 1.6 PD (range, 4\u20138 PD). Furthermore, 17 out of 23 patients (73.9%) used prism glasses, in whom the symptoms of diplopia disappeared. Finally, only three patients (13.0%) underwent surgery.Conclusions: Sagging eye syndrome in Korean patients was identified in those over 60 years with a similar male-to-female ratio. Moreover, nonsurgical treatments, such as prism glasses, largely helped relieve the symptoms of sagging eye syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2021.0124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T06:53:58Z","timestamp":1643007238000},"page":"138-146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3341\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Prevalence and Clinical Features of Sagging Eye Syndrome in Korean Patients"],"prefix":"10.3341","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Beom Chan","family":"PARK","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1893","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9394(02)01695-1"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"619","volume-title":"Sagging eye syndrome: connective tissue involution as a cause of horizontal and vertical strabismus in older patients","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.09.006"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-018-0617-2"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-303139"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2015.12.005"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.epi-04-0944"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1990.316"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(84)90115-2"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0065955x.1977.11982423"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20120221-02"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2020.11.018"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09273972.2017.1421676"}],"container-title":["Korean Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/ekjo.org\/upload\/pdf\/kjo-2021-0124.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/ekjo.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.3341\/kjo.2021.0124","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/ekjo.org\/upload\/pdf\/kjo-2021-0124.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T04:37:22Z","timestamp":1649824642000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ekjo.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.3341\/kjo.2021.0124"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3341\/kjo.2021.0124","relation":{},"ISSN":["1011-8942","2092-9382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1011-8942","type":"print"},{"value":"2092-9382","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-08-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-04-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}