{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T18:33:09Z","timestamp":1775068389943,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Korean Ophthalmological Society","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ekjo.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Korean J Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]]},"abstract":"Purpose: To investigate the characteristics of esotropia associated with hyperopia in children aged 4 to 6 years.Methods: Medical charts of 142 patients (60 boys and 82 girls; age range, 4\u20136 years) with esotropia and hyperopia (\u22651.5 diopters after cycloplegic refraction) were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were classified into four groups: (1) fully corrected accommodative esotropia (FCAET); (2) accommodative esotropia (AET) with residual deviation \u22648 prism diopters; (3) partially AET (PAET) with residual deviation \u226510 prism diopters; and (4) nonaccommodative esotropia (NAET). Clinical parameters, including best-corrected visual acuity, angle of esodeviation, and refractive errors, were analyzed to identify predictors of esodeviation type.Results: Female patients were significantly more likely to achieve good control with glasses (<i>p<\/i> = 0.044). Visual acuity in the better and worse eyes and the prevalence of anisometropic amblyopia did not differ among groups (<i>p<\/i> = 0.430, <i>p<\/i> = 0.124, and <i>p<\/i> = 0.189, respectively). The hyperopia (spherical power) of the AET group was significantly higher than that of the NAET group (<i>p<\/i> = 0.028), and the spherical equivalent was also more hyperopic in the AET group compared with the NAET group (<i>p<\/i> = 0.040). Near esodeviation in the FCAET group was significantly smaller than that in the AET group (<i>p<\/i> = 0.003), whereas esodeviation at distance did not differ among groups (<i>p<\/i> = 0.115).Conclusions: Larger angles of esodeviation and lower degrees of hyperopia were associated with a reduced likelihood of successful correction with glasses. Multiple factors should therefore be considered when predicting motor outcomes of accommodative esotropia prior to a trial of spectacle correction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2025.0032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T04:57:34Z","timestamp":1755147454000},"page":"441-445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3341\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Characteristics of Esodeviation Related to Hyperopia in Children Aged 4 to 6 Years: A Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3341","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Yi Sang","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ungsoo Samuel","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1893","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896-1549(05)70240-6"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-018-0821-6"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.05.072"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"225","volume-title":"Monitoring of controlled accommodative esotropia","author":"Raab","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.07.017"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.84.7.746"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09286586.2019.1628282"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20200504-02"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"352","volume-title":"The deterioration of refractive accommodative esotropia","author":"Yan","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.01.018"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19880701-06"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"144","volume-title":"The deterioration of refractive accommodative esotropia","author":"Jianhua","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19880101-04"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpa.2001.117570"}],"container-title":["Korean Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ekjo.org\/upload\/pdf\/kjo-2025-0032.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ekjo.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.3341\/kjo.2025.0032","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ekjo.org\/upload\/pdf\/kjo-2025-0032.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T07:05:11Z","timestamp":1760339111000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ekjo.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.3341\/kjo.2025.0032"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3341\/kjo.2025.0032","relation":{},"ISSN":["1011-8942","2092-9382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1011-8942","type":"print"},{"value":"2092-9382","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}