{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T02:54:37Z","timestamp":1755226477619,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Korean Ophthalmological Society","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750032000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ekjo.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Korean J Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: To develop a flexible electrode for electrical stimulation of extraocular muscles and to evaluate the safety of applying direct electrical stimulation to muscles and its potential effects on ocular tissues in rabbits.Methods: A flexible electrode was fabricated using a conventional photolithography process. This electrode comprised a 300-nm-thick platinum layer embedded within a 30-\u03bcm-thick polyimide cable. In an &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;\/i&gt; study, five rabbits underwent electrical stimulation of the right superior and inferior rectus muscles. Stimulation consisted of electrical pulses (1 pulse per second, 2.0 mA for 0.1 milliseconds) applied for 5 minutes to the right superior rectus muscle, followed by 5 minutes to the right inferior rectus muscle. This regimen was performed three times a week for 4 weeks. Subsequent histological examination was conducted on the conjunctiva, extraocular muscles, sclera, and retina.Results: Direct electrical stimulation of extraocular muscle using a flexible electrode could successfully elicit eye movement in rabbits. Histologic examination demonstrated no evidence of detrimental effects of the electrical stimulation.Conclusions: Direct electrical stimulation of extraocular muscles using a flexible electrode could safely elicit eye movement without any ocular damage in rabbits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2025.0067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:47:14Z","timestamp":1750034834000},"page":"305-311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3341\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a Flexible Electrode for Electrical Stimulation of Rabbit Extraocular Muscle"],"prefix":"10.3341","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Hee Kyung","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lee-Woon","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jung-Hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jungsuk","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gheeyoung","family":"Choe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae-Young","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeong-Min","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1893","container-title":["Korean Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ekjo.org\/upload\/pdf\/kjo-2025-0067.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ekjo.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.3341\/kjo.2025.0067","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ekjo.org\/upload\/pdf\/kjo-2025-0067.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:41:18Z","timestamp":1754440878000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ekjo.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.3341\/kjo.2025.0067"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3341\/kjo.2025.0067","relation":{},"ISSN":["1011-8942","2092-9382"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1011-8942"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2092-9382"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-29","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}