{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:07:50Z","timestamp":1787026070068,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Korean Pediatric Society","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-cep.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak continues to evolve, it is crucially important for pediatricians to be aware of the differences in demographic and clinical features between COVID-19 and influenza A and B infections.Purpose: This study analyzed and compared the clinical features and laboratory findings of COVID-19 and influenza A and B infections in children.Methods: This retrospective study evaluated the medical data of 206 pediatric COVID-19 and 411 pediatric seasonal influenza A or B patients.Results: COVID-19 patients were older than seasonal influenza patients (median [interquartile range], 7.75 [2\u201314] years vs. 4 [2\u20136] years). The frequency of fever and cough in COVID-19 patients was lower than that of seasonal influenza patients (80.6% vs. 94.4%, P&lt;0.001 and 22.8 % vs. 71.5%, P&lt;0.001, respectively). Ageusia (4.9%) and anosmia (3.4%) were present in only COVID-19 patients. Leukopenia, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia were encountered more frequently in influenza patients than in COVID-19 patients (22.1% vs. 8.5%, P=0.029; 17.6% vs. 5.6%, P=0.013; and 13.2% vs. 5.6%, P= 0.048, respectively). Both groups showed significantly elevated monocyte levels in the complete blood count (70.4% vs. 69.9%, P=0.511). Major chest x-ray findings in COVID-19 patients included mild diffuse ground-glass opacity and right lower lobe infiltrates. There were no statistically significant intergroup differences in hospitalization or mortality rates; however, the intensive care unit admission rate was higher among COVID-19 patients (2.4% vs. 0.5%, P=0.045).Conclusion: In this study, pediatric COVID-19 patients showed a wide range of clinical presentations ranging from asymptomatic\/mild to severe illness. We found no intergroup differences in hospitalization rates, oxygen requirements, or hospital length of stay; however, the intensive care unit admission rate was higher among COVID-19 patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3345\/cep.2021.00066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T20:40:00Z","timestamp":1621284000000},"page":"364-369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3345\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Comparison of clinical features and laboratory findings of coronavirus disease 2019 and influenza A and B infections in children: a single-center study"],"prefix":"10.3345","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5739-6590","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Meraj","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ay\u015fe","family":"G\u00fcltekingil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O\u011fuz","family":"Bak\u0131rc\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6733-8669","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nihal","family":"Uslu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esra","family":"Bask\u0131n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1897","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(20)30196-1"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"e00127","volume-title":"Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from Wuhan: an analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS","author":"Wan","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100433"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmc2005073"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-0702"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.20495"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104554"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0264-410x(00)00275-9"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"E004","volume-title":"Recommendations for the diagnosis, prevention and control of the 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children (first interim edition)","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2020.05.016"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.12.012"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2009.06.011"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"785","volume-title":"Ageusia and anosmia, a common sign of SARS-COV-2? A case series from four countries","author":"Vargas-Gandica","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820926473"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"944","volume-title":"Smell dysfunction: a biomarker for SARS-COV-2","author":"Moein","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820934376"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"1236520","volume-title":"A comprehensive review of cutaneous manifestations associated with SARS-COV-2","author":"Rahimi","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"80","volume-title":"Comparison of hospitalized patients with pneumonia caused by SARS-COV-2 and influenza A in children under 5 years","author":"Li","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2002032"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6002\/ect.2020.0109"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.587007"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-020-04103-5"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"1893","volume-title":"The mononuclear phagocytic system. Generation of diversity","author":"Siamon","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"1051","volume-title":"Severe SARS-COV-2 and aging: are monocytes the key?","author":"Pence","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-11-30"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.106053"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.574425"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/e-cep.org\/upload\/pdf\/cep-2021-00066.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-cep.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.3345\/cep.2021.00066","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-cep.org\/upload\/pdf\/cep-2021-00066.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T21:29:07Z","timestamp":1625088547000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/e-cep.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.3345\/cep.2021.00066"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3345\/cep.2021.00066","relation":{},"ISSN":["2713-4148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2713-4148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-01-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-07-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}