{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T17:42:32Z","timestamp":1784569352139,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Korean Pediatric Society","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]],"date-time":"2022-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653868800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-cep.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Neonatal hypertension occurs in 1%\u20132% of neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) although may be underdiagnosed. Blood pressure values in premature neonates change rapidly in the first days and weeks of life which may make it more difficult to recognize abnormal blood pressure values. In addition, the proper blood pressure measurement technique must be used to ensure the accuracy of the measured values as most blood pressure devices are not manufactured specifically for this population. In premature neonates, the cause of the hypertension is most commonly related to prematurity-associated complications or management while in term neonates is more likely to be due to an underlying condition. Both oral and intravenous antihypertensive medications can be used in neonates to treat high blood pressure although none are approved for use in this population by regulatory agencies. The natural history of most neonatal hypertension is that it resolves over the first year or two of life. Of concern are the various neonatal risk factors for later cardiovascular and kidney disease that are present in most NICU graduates. Prematurity increases the risk of adulthood hypertension while intrauterine growth restriction may even lead to hypertension during childhood. From neonates through to adulthood NICU graduates, this review will cover each of these topics in more detail and highlight the aspects of blood pressure management that are established while also highlighting where knowledge gaps exist.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3345\/cep.2022.00486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]],"date-time":"2022-05-30T05:58:41Z","timestamp":1653890321000},"page":"367-376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3345\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Neonatal hypertension: concerns within and beyond the neonatal intensive care unit"],"prefix":"10.3345","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Altemose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4926-3218","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Janis M.","family":"Dionne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1897","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0031-3955(16)33535-0"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670050771"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"51","volume-title":"Neonatal hypertension. Incidence and risk factors","author":"Singh","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-999874"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.86.2.f78"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2014.05.004"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-018-0018-8"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-006-0311-3"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"179","volume-title":"Urinary prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 metabolites in preterm and full-term infants in relation to plasma activity and blood pressure","author":"Joppich","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/hjh.0b013e32801040ec"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2009.03.019"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"U49","volume-title":"Prenatal glucocorticoids and long-term programming","author":"Seckl","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01958959"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01957907"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13354"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2011.12.012"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-010-1755-z"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-018-3977-4"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.02.072"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-007-0561-8"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.99.6.e10"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.12.074"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.12528"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-007-0603-2"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-198610000-00002"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpu083"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-017-3722-4"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.148.5.965"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0510"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310050008"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(08)60626-1"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.87.1.f15"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-994716"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2015-309740"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-016-1496-2"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hypertensionaha.112.196352"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2005121303"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670050787"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-019-02113-3"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1c366"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-003-0497-0"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00866881"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670050281"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00852843"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"e20171904","volume-title":"Subcommittee on screening and management of high blood pressure in children. Clinical practice guideline for screening and management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents","author":"Flynn","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-018-4132-y"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"e005858","volume-title":"Blood pressure in 6-year-old children born extremely preterm","author":"Edstedt Bonamy","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-018-4050-z"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2007.04.003"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hypertensionaha.112.196949"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Intra-uterine growth restriction as a risk factor for hypertension in children six to 10 years old","author":"Zamecznik","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-012-2168-y"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/hjh.0000000000000269"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"670","volume-title":"Size at birth, infant growth, and blood pressure at 3 years of age","author":"Belfort","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"800S816S","volume-title":"Infant milk-feeding practices and cardiovascular disease outcomes in offspring: a systematic review","author":"Gungor","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hypertensionaha.117.10529"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hypertensionaha.111.181784"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"1542","volume-title":"Effect of birth weight on life-course blood pressure levels among children born premature: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study","author":"Juonala","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hypertensionaha.110.150235"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0902.104677"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12271"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13868"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18062951"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-009-1120-2"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-017-3603-x"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.12.016"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2010121266"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10024-003-3029-2"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/1.4.335"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.6998.171"},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"S30","volume-title":"Congenital oligonephropathy: the fetal flaw in essential hypertension?","author":"Mackenzie","year":"1996"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/e-cep.org\/upload\/pdf\/cep-2022-00486.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-cep.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.3345\/cep.2022.00486","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-cep.org\/upload\/pdf\/cep-2022-00486.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T02:32:37Z","timestamp":1659321157000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/e-cep.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.3345\/cep.2022.00486"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3345\/cep.2022.00486","relation":{},"ISSN":["2713-4148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2713-4148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-03-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-05-12","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-05-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}