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Recent well-designed epidemiologic studies in developed countries indicated that respiratory viruses are detected in 30%\u201370%, atypical bacteria in 7%\u201317%, and pyogenic bacteria in 2%\u20138% of children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The etiological distribution of CAP varies widely by child age and the epidemiological season of the respiratory pathogen. Moreover, diagnostic tests, particularly for the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, the 2 major bacterial pathogens involved in pediatric CAP, have several limitations. 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