{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T04:13:38Z","timestamp":1751343218439,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Korean Pediatric Society","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-cep.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is rare and characterized by hemolytic anemia with a positive direct antiglobulin test result after the exclusion of other causes. While adults often relapse within 1 year of first-line steroid therapy, children generally respond well. However, current treatment approaches lack substantial evidence and are primarily expert opinion-based.Purpose: This study aimed to contribute our single-center experience to pediatric AIHA treatment guidelines.Methods: Between January 2012 and June 2024, 475 children were diagnosed with anemia; of them, 18 had immune hemolytic anemia, including 6 with neonatal alloimmune hemolytic anemia, 2 who were treated at other centers, and 2 with transient bone marrow suppression due to a viral infection. Thus, this study retrospectively analyzed the treatment responses of 8 patients with AIHA.Results: The median age at diagnosis was 5.2 years (range, 2.3\u201311.8 years); 62.5% (5 of 8) were male. Median hemoglobin (Hb) at diagnosis was 6.3 g\/dL (range, 3.4\u20139.5 g\/dL), median reticulocyte index was 6.53% (range, 1.64%\u201322.07%), median total bilirubin was 2.75 mg\/dL (range, 0.98\u20137.23 mg\/dL), and median lactate dehydrogenase was 1,662 U\/L (range, 790\u20132,921 U\/L). All haptoglobin levels were &lt;10 mg\/dL. Treatments included steroids (8 of 8), red blood cell transfusions (5 of 8), and intravenous immunoglobulins (2 of 8). Half of the steroid-treated patients received intravenous methylprednisolone for 1\u20135 days, while half received oral prednisolone (median, 1.78 [range, 0.79\u20133.39] mg\/kg\/day). The median time to age-adjusted normal Hb levels was 16.5 days (range, 9.0\u201322.0 days). Steroids were administered for a median 37.5 days (range, 14.0\u2013119.0 days). Excluding one patient later diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus, no relapses occurred during the 3- to 19-month follow-up period.Conclusion: Patients with pediatric AIHA showed relapsefree rapid hematological improvement and sustained steroid responses within 2 months, suggesting that systematic steroid treatment is feasible and highlighting the need for multicenter trials to establish standardized guidelines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3345\/cep.2024.02026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T02:46:46Z","timestamp":1744771606000},"page":"522-529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3345\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Treatment and clinical outcomes of pediatric autoimmune hemolytic anemia: real-world single-center data from Korea"],"prefix":"10.3345","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9051-5937","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Young 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