{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:10:15Z","timestamp":1790255415495,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Korean Pediatric Society","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756166400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004484","name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["03-2-101-73303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03-2-101-73303"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-cep.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Testicular torsion is a urological emergency that requires prompt surgery to prevent orchiectomy. Pharmacological interventions may slow the progression of damage and reduce reperfusion injury after surgical correction.Purpose: This study evaluated the protective effects of linezolid against testicular torsion-detorsion (T\/D) injury in rats by focusing on the mechanisms involving the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) pathway.Methods: Eighty-four male Wistar rats were allocated into 8 groups; of them, one was subjected to a sham operation and another was subjected to 4-hour ischemia via 720\u00b0 of torsion followed by 24-hour reperfusion. Linezolid (3\u2013100 mg\/kg) was assessed for its effects on T\/D injury using histopathological evaluation, oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde [MDA], superoxide dismutase [SOD]), and inflammatory biomarker tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1). Mechanistic investigations have focused on TLR-4 the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)\/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-\u03baB) pathway. Molecular docking and in silico analyses were conducted to predict interactions with key inflammatory proteins.Results: Linezolid 25, 50, and 100 mg\/kg significantly reduced the histopathological damage, with 50 mg\/kg being the most effective dosage. Within the 6\u201350 mg\/kg range, linezolid reduced MDA, increased SOD, decreased TNF-\u03b1, and suppressed TLR-4\/NF-\u03baB pathway activity, with maximal reductions in MDA, TNF-\u03b1, NF-\u03baB, and TLR-4 of 64%, 77%, 56%, and 53%, respectively, and an enhancement in SOD of 47%. In silico docking predicted strong binding interactions with TLR-4 pathway proteins, including p38 MAPK and JNK, with affinities of -7.4 to -8.3 kcal\/mol.Conclusion: Linezolid protects against testicular torsion by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation via modulating the TLR-4\/NF-\u03baB pathway, suggesting its therapeutic potential and need for further study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3345\/cep.2025.00080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T08:09:37Z","timestamp":1756195777000},"page":"700-711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3345\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Linezolid mitigates tissue injury in experimental model of pediatric testicular torsion: TLR-4\/MAPK\/NF-\u03baB 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