{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T02:57:04Z","timestamp":1777517824226,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"XMLink","issue":"47","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jkms.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Korean Med Sci"],"DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T02:27:17Z","timestamp":1637288837000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3346\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Emotional Distress of the COVID-19 Cluster Infection on Health Care Workers Working at a National Hospital in Korea"],"prefix":"10.3346","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6272-7825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Og-Jin","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Bugok National Hospital, Changnyeong, Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5486-618X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-In","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Bugok National Hospital, Changnyeong, Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9648-7233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae-Woon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Bugok National Hospital, Changnyeong, Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7250-5935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ho-Chan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9836-8425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong Seok","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"18617","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924","volume":"55","author":"Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19-11 March 2020. Accessed July 21, 2021.  https:\/\/www.who.int\/director-general\/speeches\/detail\/who-director-generals-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020"},{"key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref3","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Accessed July 21, 2021.  https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e132","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2020.35.e132","volume":"35","author":"Korean Society of Infectious Diseases and Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref5","unstructured":"Central Disaster Management Headquarters. Cases in Korea. Accessed July 21, 2021.  http:\/\/ncov.mohw.go.kr\/en\/"},{"key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref6","unstructured":"Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guideline for management of COVID-19. Accessed July 21, 2021.  http:\/\/kdca.go.kr\/board\/board.es?mid=a20507020000&bid=0019&act=view&list_no=712602"},{"issue":"44","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e387","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2020.35.e387","volume":"35","author":"Yoon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e112","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2020.35.e112","volume":"35","author":"Korean Society of Infectious Diseases","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2020.35.e56","volume":"35","author":"Yoo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e170","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e170","volume":"36","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2007.07.015","volume":"64","author":"Styra","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370905400504","volume":"54","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2009.06.008","volume":"31","author":"Hong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.05.026","volume":"88","author":"Pappa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102257","volume":"54","author":"Oladunjoye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2020.0161","volume":"17","author":"Kontoangelos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30047-X","volume":"7","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2009.03.001","volume":"31","author":"Mak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700021644","volume":"9","author":"Goldberg","year":"1979","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref20","volume-title":"A User's Guide to the General Health Questionnaire","author":"Goldberg","year":"1988"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.4306\/pi.2013.10.4.352","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.4306\/jknpa.2012.51.4.178","volume":"51","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.18.1737","volume":"282","author":"Spitzer","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref24","first-page":"114","volume":"28","author":"Choi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Korean J Fam Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-197905000-00004","volume":"41","author":"Horowitz","year":"1979","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref26","first-page":"303","volume":"44","author":"Eun","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2005.04.007","volume":"27","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.185.2.127","volume":"185","author":"Chong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e203976","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976","volume":"3","author":"Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"41","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e372","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2020.35.e372","volume":"35","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100144","volume":"8","author":"Cabarkapa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun Health"},{"key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2018.10.003","volume":"87","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref33","first-page":"100233","volume":"13","author":"Pouralizadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Afr Nurs Sci"},{"key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113130","volume":"290","author":"Elbay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.07.008","volume":"129","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00702","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"50","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e431","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2020.35.e431","volume":"35","author":"Chung","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e044397","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-044397","volume":"11","author":"Nayak","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2011.603048","volume":"25","author":"Afifi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anxiety Stress Coping"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref40","first-page":"51","volume":"113","author":"Gavin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ir Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1002.030750","volume":"10","author":"Person","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.45221","volume":"16","author":"Zhong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"48","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e426","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2020.35.e426","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2006.08.007","volume":"20","author":"Shih","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl Nurs Res"},{"key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref45","first-page":"e923549","volume":"26","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30046-8","volume":"7","author":"Xiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2020.0086","volume":"17","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig"},{"key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632608","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.632608","volume":"9","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1097\/DMP.0b013e31818a2b7a","volume":"2","author":"Veenema","year":"2008","journal-title":"Disaster Med Public Health Prep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/1865-1380-5-29","volume":"5","author":"Ogedegbe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838005277438","volume":"6","author":"Agaibi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X21000248","volume":"36","author":"Murray","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prehosp Disaster Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Korean Medical Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jkms.org\/pdf\/10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jkms.org\/DOIx.php?id=10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jkms.org\/DOIx.php?id=10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,5]],"date-time":"2021-12-05T23:35:11Z","timestamp":1638747311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jkms.org\/DOIx.php?id=10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"47","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e324","relation":{},"ISSN":["1011-8934","1598-6357"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1011-8934","type":"print"},{"value":"1598-6357","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-08-08","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-01","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-15","name":"published_online","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"Copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","explanation":{"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},"group":{"name":"Copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}],"article-number":"e324"}}