{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T11:06:50Z","timestamp":1769166410779,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Korean Society for Parasitology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671667200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003093","name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LRGS\/1\/2018\/UM\/01\/1\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LRGS\/1\/2018\/UM\/01\/1\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["parasitol.kr"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Korean J Parasitol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human infection with simian malaria Plasmodium knowlesi is a cause for concern in Southeast Asian countries, especially in Malaysia. A previous study on Peninsular Malaysia P. knowlesi rhoptry associated protein-1 (PkRAP1) gene has discovered the existence of dimorphism. In this study, genetic analysis of PkRAP1 in a larger number of P. knowlesi samples from Malaysian Borneo was conducted. The PkRAP1 of these P. knowlesi isolates was PCR-amplified and sequenced. The newly obtained PkRAP1 gene sequences (n = 34) were combined with those from the previous study (n = 26) and analysed for polymorphism and natural selection. Sequence analysis revealed a higher genetic diversity of PkRAP1 compared to the previous study. Exon II of the gene had higher diversity (\u03c0 = 0.0172) than exon I (\u03c0 = 0.0128). The diversity of the total coding region (\u03c0 = 0.0167) was much higher than those of RAP1 orthologues such as PfRAP-1 (\u03c0 = 0.0041) and PvRAP1 (\u03c0 = 0.00088). Z-test results indicated that the gene was under purifying selection. Phylogenetic tree and haplotype network showed distinct clustering of Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo PkRAP1 haplotypes. This geographical-based clustering of PkRAP1 haplotypes provides further evidence of the dimorphism of the gene and possible existence of 2 distinct P. knowlesi lineages in Malaysia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2022.60.6.393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T23:14:55Z","timestamp":1672269295000},"page":"393-400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3347\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Genetic Diversity and Clustering of the Rhoptry Associated Protein-1 of Plasmodium knowlesi from Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo"],"prefix":"10.3347","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4292-8742","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ummi Wahidah","family":"Azlan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yee 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