{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T15:46:09Z","timestamp":1763480769381,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Korean Society for Parasitology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003668","name":"Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003624","name":"Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["320005-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320005-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003624","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["parahostdis.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasites Hosts Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ticks, blood-sucking ectoparasites, spread diseases to humans and animals. &lt;i&gt;Haemaphysalis longicornis&lt;\/i&gt; is a significant vector for tick-borne diseases in medical and veterinary contexts. Identifying protective antigens in &lt;i&gt;H. longicornis&lt;\/i&gt; for an anti-tick vaccine is a key tick control strategy. Enolase, a multifunctional protein, significantly converts D-2-phosphoglycerate and phosphoenolpyruvate in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in cell cytoplasm. This study cloned a complete open reading frame (ORF) of enolase from the &lt;i&gt;H. longicornis&lt;\/i&gt; tick and characterized its transcriptional and silencing effect. We amplified the full-length cDNA of the enolase gene using rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The complete cDNA, with an ORF of 1,297 nucleotides, encoded a 432-amino acid polypeptide. Enolase of the Jeju strain &lt;i&gt;H. longicornis&lt;\/i&gt; exhibited the highest sequence similarity with &lt;i&gt;H. flava&lt;\/i&gt; (98%), followed by &lt;i&gt;Dermacentor silvarum&lt;\/i&gt; (82%). The enolase motifs identified included N-terminal and C-terminal regions, magnesium binding sites, and several phosphorylation sites. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis indicated that enolase mRNA transcripts were expressed across all developmental stages of ticks and organs such as salivary gland and midgut. RT-PCR showed higher transcript levels in syn-ganglia, suggesting that synganglion nerves influence enolase,s role in tick salivary glands. We injected enolase double-stranded RNA into adult unfed female ticks, after which they were subsequently fed with normal unfed males until they spontaneously dropped off. RNA interference significantly (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;0.05) reduced feeding and reproduction, along with abnormalities in eggs (no embryos) and hatching. These findings suggest enolase is a promising target for future tick control strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3347\/phd.24015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T05:41:47Z","timestamp":1717134107000},"page":"226-237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3347\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Molecular cloning, identification, transcriptional analysis, and silencing of enolase on the life cycle of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari, Ixodidae) tick"],"prefix":"10.3347","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3599-9179","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Md. Samiul","family":"Haque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1927-0460","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Md. 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