{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T15:46:58Z","timestamp":1785167218363,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Korean Society for Parasitology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["parahostdis.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasites Hosts Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ovalbumin (OVA)-alum mouse model, which induces a Th2-biased immune response, is commonly used to study allergic airway inflammation. However, the artificial nature of this model limits its relevance to environmental or infection-related airway diseases. The free-living environmental protozoan Acanthamoeba is a potential trigger of airway inflammation, but its immune mechanisms remain largely unknown. To compare these 2 models of airway inflammation, this study carried out microarray-based transcriptomic analysis of lung tissue obtained from mice with OVA-alum treatment or intranasal Acanthamoeba exposure. Compared to controls, OVA-alum treatment induced broad transcriptional changes involving &gt;2,900 probes (fold change \u22651.5); Acanthamoeba exposure led to a substantially weaker response, with &lt;500 probes affected at the same threshold. Unlike the OVA-alum\u2013treated group, the Acanthamoeba-exposed mice showed minimal overlap with only 5 genes significantly downregulated, suggesting a distinct immune activation profile. Downregulation of genes related to the immunoglobulin variable region (Ighv1-58 and Igkv3-10) and eosinophil function (Rnase2a) in the Acanthamoeba group suggest suppression of a typical Th2\/humoral response. Heatmap and clustering analysis demonstrated clear separation between the Acanthamoeba, OVA-alum, and control groups. Taken together, these results suggest that Acanthamoeba induces a unique airway immune response that is markedly different from traditional Th2-dominant inflammation, and may be a more suitable model for studying environmentally-induced or infection-related respiratory diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3347\/phd.25050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T23:32:42Z","timestamp":1764113562000},"page":"327-339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3347\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Microarray-based characterization of airway inflammation induced by environmental Acanthamoeba exposure versus the ovalbumin-alum model"],"prefix":"10.3347","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9934-9787","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shin Ae","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6696-7981","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hak Sun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1900","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3347\/phd.24062"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3347\/phd.23088"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-6"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-021-07261-1"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1175469"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006979"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19010121"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3108-x"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2011.49.4.341"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00263"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160715442"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011085"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25116282"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009890"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-24-567"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-022-04958-7"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40070-x"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41435-021-00145-5"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040519"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbae069"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13020142"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aller.2016.01.001"}],"container-title":["Parasites, Hosts and Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/parahostdis.org\/upload\/pdf\/PHD-25050.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T23:32:49Z","timestamp":1764113569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parahostdis.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.3347\/PHD.25050"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3347\/phd.25050","relation":{},"ISSN":["2982-5164","2982-6799"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2982-5164","type":"print"},{"value":"2982-6799","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}