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Despite its global burden, no approved vaccine exists. Virus-like particle vaccines expressing microneme protein 8 (MIC8) or apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) of T. gondii have previously shown efficacy. In this study, we generated recombinant vaccinia viruses (rVVs) expressing MIC8 and AMA1 and evaluated their efficacy against T. gondii ME49 infection. BALB\/c mice were intramuscularly immunized with a combination of MIC8 and AMA1 rVVs and challenged orally with T. gondii ME49. Immunization with MIC8+AMA1 rVVs produced a significant increase in T. gondii-specific IgG. Splenocyte analysis revealed robust activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as expansion of memory B cells. The immunized group exhibited an 89.6% reduction in brain cyst count, with significantly improved survival compared to the control group. These findings demonstrate that combining the antigens MIC8 and AMA1 using a vaccinia virus platform can effectively promote both humoral and cellular immunity, supporting its potential as a vaccine strategy against T. gondii ME49.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3347\/phd.25054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T23:32:42Z","timestamp":1764113562000},"page":"340-348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3347\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Vaccinia virus expressing MIC8 and AMA1 provides protection against Toxoplasma gondii ME49 infection"],"prefix":"10.3347","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6405-9042","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hae-Ji","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6118-2069","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2317-0761","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhao-Shou","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3407-7220","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Md Atique","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0419-9339","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fu-Shi","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1900","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI136226"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.2.267"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.2013.844652"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3347\/PHD.22097"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-1742-0"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2219533120"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2024.107501"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.03073"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0220865"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104090"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.10.6265"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100054"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182003004761"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10020152"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.108900"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182007002892"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3347\/PHD.23048"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0283928"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics11070342"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9020174"}],"container-title":["Parasites, Hosts and Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/parahostdis.org\/upload\/pdf\/PHD-25054.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T23:32:49Z","timestamp":1764113569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parahostdis.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.3347\/PHD.25054"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3347\/phd.25054","relation":{},"ISSN":["2982-5164","2982-6799"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2982-5164","type":"print"},{"value":"2982-6799","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}