{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T01:40:46Z","timestamp":1777340446564,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Korean Society for Parasitology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["parahostdis.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PHD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the role of palmitic acid (PA) in modulating the neutrophil response during &lt;i&gt;Trichomonas vaginalis&lt;\/i&gt; infection. A human neutrophil-like cell model (nHL-60) was established by differentiating the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 with 1.3% dimethyl sulfoxide. The expressions of the genes IL-8, NF-\u03baB, MyD88, and TLR4 and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of differentiated cells were compared, using end-point RT-PCR and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, in the presence or absence of 1 mM PA and 100 \u03bcM of docosahexaenoic acid. Additionally, oxidative burst activity was also evaluated in response to &lt;i&gt;T. vaginalis&lt;\/i&gt; stimulation in the presence of either PA or docosahexaenoic acid. nHL-60 cells showed increased expression of key mediators of the TLR4 signaling pathway, and enhanced ROS production upon phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulation. Peripheral blood neutrophils exposed to &lt;i&gt;T. vaginalis&lt;\/i&gt; in the presence of PA exhibited higher ROS production than neutrophils stimulated by the parasite only. These findings indicate that PA enhances neutrophil activation to a secondary stimulus with &lt;i&gt;T. vaginalis&lt;\/i&gt;. 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