{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T07:52:25Z","timestamp":1776757945594,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"XMLink","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HI16C2319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI16C2319"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Gachon Gil Medical Center","award":["FRD2020-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRD2020-19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["eymj.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Yonsei Med J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:17:28Z","timestamp":1775780248000},"page":"436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3349\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deep Learning-Based Prediction System for Surgical Difficulty in Rectal Cancer Patients Using MRI Pelvimetry"],"prefix":"10.3349","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7712-1992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yena Christina","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4573-2606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae Sik","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0443-0051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young Jae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gachon Biomedical & Convergence Institute, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1322-9536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youngbae","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9714-6038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwang Gi","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9124-8041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong-Heum","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"18617","reference":[{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7585","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000007585","volume":"96","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2007.03.005","volume":"34","author":"Rajput","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1258\/jrsm.2012.120070","volume":"105","author":"Chand","year":"2012","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001948","volume":"266","author":"Penna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(08)70310-3","volume":"10","author":"Colon Cancer Laparoscopic or Open Resection Study Group","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-020-02211-3","volume":"51","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25315","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.25431","volume":"9","author":"de\u2019Angelis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s10353-015-0354-4","volume":"47","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Surg"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10642","volume":"105","author":"Escal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2974","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-010-1075-1","volume":"24","author":"Killeen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2015.3827","volume":"11","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-018-1690-3","volume":"48","author":"Atasoy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/0100-3984.2015.0123","volume":"50","author":"Boaventura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiol Bras"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-023-02933-x","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-018-6331-9","volume":"33","author":"Yamaoka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-021-04000-x","volume":"36","author":"Hong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.21037\/ales.2018.04.09","volume":"3","author":"Kawada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Laparosc Endosc Surg"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1097\/SLE.0b013e31822cf8bc","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-007-9706-z","volume":"15","author":"Baik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-015-4324-5","volume":"30","author":"Ferko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.4174\/astr.2020.99.2.90","volume":"99","author":"Noh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Surg Treat Res"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s12262-017-1603-5","volume":"79","author":"Vergis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Surg"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-020-02274-x","volume":"24","author":"Hong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-021-10034-y","volume":"55","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Artif Intell Rev"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2022.106874","volume":"221","author":"Egger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-021-00438-z","volume":"4","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26731","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-022-14305-w","volume":"82","author":"Rana","year":"2023","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2018.02.018","volume":"25","author":"McBee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002707","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002707","volume":"15","author":"Yasaka","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2021200210","volume":"41","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12918","volume":"45","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5301","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05728-9","volume":"7","author":"Trebeschi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-022-00199-0","volume":"2","author":"Koh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun Med (Lond)"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref34","first-page":"234","volume-title":"Medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention\u2013MICCAI 2015","author":"Ronneberger","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"UNet 3+: a full-scale connected UNet for medical image segmentation. accessed on 2024 July 19. Available at: http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICASSP40776.2020.9053405","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP40776.2020.9053405"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-29426-x","volume":"13","author":"Nagai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2130705","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2130705","volume":"2020","author":"Attenberger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-020-00890-7","volume":"11","author":"Santiago","year":"2020","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2021.12.022","volume":"45","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian J Surg"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2016.09.098","volume":"36","author":"van Rooijen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs5.50292","volume":"4","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"BJS Open"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-020-03802-9","volume":"36","author":"Lorenzon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.4103\/jcrt.jcrt_2223_22","volume":"19","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Ther"},{"key":"10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.4240\/wjgs.v13.i2.164","volume":"13","author":"Mueller","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Surg"}],"container-title":["Yonsei Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/eymj.org\/pdf\/10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/eymj.org\/DOIx.php?id=10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/eymj.org\/DOIx.php?id=10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T07:19:13Z","timestamp":1776755953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/eymj.org\/DOIx.php?id=10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3349\/ymj.2024.0293","relation":{},"ISSN":["0513-5796","1976-2437"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0513-5796","type":"print"},{"value":"1976-2437","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-24","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-06","name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-19","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-01","name":"published_online","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"\u00a9 Copyright: Yonsei University College of Medicine 2026","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"Copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","explanation":{"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},"group":{"name":"Copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}