{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:15:54Z","timestamp":1791875754375,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"The Korean Association for the Study of the Liver","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606953600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-cmh.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Mol Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Nonselective beta-adrenergic blocker (NSBB) therapy for the prevention of initial and recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhotic patients with gastroesophageal varices has been used for the past four decades. NSBB therapy is considered the cornerstone of treatment for varices, and has become the standard of care. However, a 2010 study from the group that pioneered \u03b2-blocker therapy suggested a detrimental effect of NSBBs in decompensated cirrhosis, especially in patients with refractory ascites. Since then, numerous additional studies have incompletely resolved whether NSBBs are deleterious, although more recent evidence weighs against a harmful effect. The possibility of a \u201ctherapeutic window\u201d has also been raised. We aimed to review the literature to analyze the pros and cons of using NSBBs in patients with cirrhosis, not only with respect to bleeding or mortality but also to other potential benefits and risks. \u03b2-blockers are highly effective in preventing first bleeding and recurrent bleeding. Furthermore, NSBBs improve congestion\/ischemia of the gut mucosa, decrease intestinal permeability, and therefore indirectly alleviate systemic inflammation. \u03b2-blockers shorten the electrocardiographic prolonged QTc interval and may also decrease the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. On the other hand, the possibility of deleterious effects in cirrhosis has not been completely eliminated. NSBBs may be associated with an increased risk of portal vein thrombosis, although this could be correlational artifact. Overall, we conclude that \u03b2-blockers in cirrhosis are much more of a friend than enemy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2020.0234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T07:09:46Z","timestamp":1608016186000},"page":"425-436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3350\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["\u03b2-blockers in advanced cirrhosis: More friend than enemy"],"prefix":"10.3350","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Ki Tae","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongqun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel S.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1902","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(80)90063-x"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"528","volume-title":"Comparison of the effects of a cardioselective and a nonselective beta-blocker on portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis","author":"Hillon","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"743","volume-title":"Expanding consensus in portal hypertension: report of the baveno VI consensus workshop: stratifying risk and individualizing care for portal hypertension","author":"de Franchis","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"441","volume-title":"Drug therapy for portal hypertension","author":"Lebrec","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2020.04.011"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"83","volume-title":"KASL clinical practice guidelines for liver cirrhosis: varices, hepatic encephalopathy, and related complications","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13277"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/kjhep.2010.16.4.347"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23775"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12786"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i32.11463"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12145"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm199105303242202"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2020.0034"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-019-09986-9"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.12.011"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.02.042"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.06.012"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.08.010"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2012.18.4.337"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-013-0044-1"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510310109"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-020-00783-1"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.24794"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.10.018"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2006.00622.x"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4291\/wjgp.v9.i1.28"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0897190017737896"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510270106"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v9.i4.347"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7869\/tg.203"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2003.10.026"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.11.012"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.01.014"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/cad.0b013e32832bd1e3"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/or_00001032"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.197"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.08.026"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/sla.0b013e318254ce7a"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/meg.0000000000000677"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12782"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-019-09951-6"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2016.01.004"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28352"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28151"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.01.034"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40885-017-0083-z"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.01.012"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14040"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)31875-0"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.03.005"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.24744"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2017.1329456"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-019-1155-1"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4098210"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301348"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.10.013"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.12.012"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-306502"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.327"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2002.01190.x"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12634"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"406","volume-title":"EASL clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28906"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23045"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd011510.pub2"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30220"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2019-000290"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/mcg.0000000000001219"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12784"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.02.011"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28575"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-012-9353-8"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14366"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13409"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Molecular Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/e-cmh.org\/upload\/pdf\/cmh-2020-0234.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-cmh.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.3350\/cmh.2020.0234","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-cmh.org\/upload\/pdf\/cmh-2020-0234.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T05:11:34Z","timestamp":1625721094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/e-cmh.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.3350\/cmh.2020.0234"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3350\/cmh.2020.0234","relation":{},"ISSN":["2287-2728","2287-285X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2287-2728","type":"print"},{"value":"2287-285X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-08-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-07-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}